Kinetics of the B- and T-Cell Immune Responses After 6 Months From SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

To assess the kinetics of the humoral and cell-mediated responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with different immunosuppressive therapies. Following vaccine completed schedule, health care workers (HCWs,...

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Vydáno v:Frontiers in immunology Ročník 13; s. 846753
Hlavní autoři: Farroni, Chiara, Picchianti-Diamanti, Andrea, Aiello, Alessandra, Nicastri, Emanuele, Laganà, Bruno, Agrati, Chiara, Castilletti, Concetta, Meschi, Silvia, Colavita, Francesca, Cuzzi, Gilda, Casetti, Rita, Grassi, Germana, Petrone, Linda, Vanini, Valentina, Salmi, Andrea, Repele, Federica, Altera, Anna Maria Gerarda, Maffongelli, Gaetano, Corpolongo, Angela, Salemi, Simonetta, Di Rosa, Roberta, Nalli, Gabriele, Sesti, Giorgio, Vaia, Francesco, Puro, Vincenzo, Goletti, Delia
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 28.02.2022
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ISSN:1664-3224, 1664-3224
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Abstract To assess the kinetics of the humoral and cell-mediated responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with different immunosuppressive therapies. Following vaccine completed schedule, health care workers (HCWs, n = 49) and RA patients (n = 35) were enrolled at 5 weeks (T1) and 6 months (T6) after the first dose of BNT162b2-mRNA vaccination. Serological response was assessed by quantifying anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, while cell-mediated response was assessed by a whole-blood test quantifying the interferon (IFN)-γ response to spike peptides. B-cell phenotype and IFN-γ-specific T-cell responses were evaluated by flow cytometry. After 6 months, anti-RBD antibodies were still detectable in 91.4% of RA patients, although we observed a significant reduction of the titer in patients under Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4)-Ig [median: 16.4 binding antibody units (BAU)/ml, interquartile range (IQR): 11.3-44.3, p < 0.0001] or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors (median: 26.5 BAU/ml, IQR: 14.9-108.8, p = 0.0034) compared to controls (median: 152.7 BAU/ml, IQR: 89.3-260.3). All peripheral memory B-cell (MBC) subpopulations, in particular, the switched IgG MBCs (CD19 CD27 IgD IgM IgG ), were significantly reduced in RA subjects under CTLA-4-Ig compared to those in HCWs (p = 0.0012). In RA patients, a significantly reduced anti-RBD IgG titer was observed at T6 vs. T1, mainly in those treated with CTLA-4-Ig (p = 0.002), interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitors (p = 0.015), and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) ± corticosteroids (CCSs) (p = 0.015). In contrast, a weak nonsignificant reduction of the T-cell response was reported at T6 vs. T1. T-cell response was found in 65.7% of the RA patients at T6, with lower significant magnitude in patients under CTLA-4-Ig compared to HCWs (p < 0.0001). The SARS-CoV-2 IFN-γ-S-specific T-cell response was mainly detected in the CD4 T-cell compartment. In this study, in RA patients after 6 months from COVID-19 vaccination, we show the kinetics, waning, and impairment of the humoral and, to a less extent, of the T-cell response. Similarly, a reduction of the specific response was also observed in the controls. Therefore, based on these results, a booster dose of the vaccine is crucial to increase the specific immune response regardless of the immunosuppressive therapy.
AbstractList To assess the kinetics of the humoral and cell-mediated responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with different immunosuppressive therapies. Following vaccine completed schedule, health care workers (HCWs, n = 49) and RA patients (n = 35) were enrolled at 5 weeks (T1) and 6 months (T6) after the first dose of BNT162b2-mRNA vaccination. Serological response was assessed by quantifying anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, while cell-mediated response was assessed by a whole-blood test quantifying the interferon (IFN)-γ response to spike peptides. B-cell phenotype and IFN-γ-specific T-cell responses were evaluated by flow cytometry. After 6 months, anti-RBD antibodies were still detectable in 91.4% of RA patients, although we observed a significant reduction of the titer in patients under Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4)-Ig [median: 16.4 binding antibody units (BAU)/ml, interquartile range (IQR): 11.3-44.3, p < 0.0001] or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors (median: 26.5 BAU/ml, IQR: 14.9-108.8, p = 0.0034) compared to controls (median: 152.7 BAU/ml, IQR: 89.3-260.3). All peripheral memory B-cell (MBC) subpopulations, in particular, the switched IgG MBCs (CD19 CD27 IgD IgM IgG ), were significantly reduced in RA subjects under CTLA-4-Ig compared to those in HCWs (p = 0.0012). In RA patients, a significantly reduced anti-RBD IgG titer was observed at T6 vs. T1, mainly in those treated with CTLA-4-Ig (p = 0.002), interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitors (p = 0.015), and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) ± corticosteroids (CCSs) (p = 0.015). In contrast, a weak nonsignificant reduction of the T-cell response was reported at T6 vs. T1. T-cell response was found in 65.7% of the RA patients at T6, with lower significant magnitude in patients under CTLA-4-Ig compared to HCWs (p < 0.0001). The SARS-CoV-2 IFN-γ-S-specific T-cell response was mainly detected in the CD4 T-cell compartment. In this study, in RA patients after 6 months from COVID-19 vaccination, we show the kinetics, waning, and impairment of the humoral and, to a less extent, of the T-cell response. Similarly, a reduction of the specific response was also observed in the controls. Therefore, based on these results, a booster dose of the vaccine is crucial to increase the specific immune response regardless of the immunosuppressive therapy.
To assess the kinetics of the humoral and cell-mediated responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with different immunosuppressive therapies.ObjectiveTo assess the kinetics of the humoral and cell-mediated responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with different immunosuppressive therapies.Following vaccine completed schedule, health care workers (HCWs, n = 49) and RA patients (n = 35) were enrolled at 5 weeks (T1) and 6 months (T6) after the first dose of BNT162b2-mRNA vaccination. Serological response was assessed by quantifying anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, while cell-mediated response was assessed by a whole-blood test quantifying the interferon (IFN)-γ response to spike peptides. B-cell phenotype and IFN-γ-specific T-cell responses were evaluated by flow cytometry.MethodsFollowing vaccine completed schedule, health care workers (HCWs, n = 49) and RA patients (n = 35) were enrolled at 5 weeks (T1) and 6 months (T6) after the first dose of BNT162b2-mRNA vaccination. Serological response was assessed by quantifying anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, while cell-mediated response was assessed by a whole-blood test quantifying the interferon (IFN)-γ response to spike peptides. B-cell phenotype and IFN-γ-specific T-cell responses were evaluated by flow cytometry.After 6 months, anti-RBD antibodies were still detectable in 91.4% of RA patients, although we observed a significant reduction of the titer in patients under Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4)-Ig [median: 16.4 binding antibody units (BAU)/ml, interquartile range (IQR): 11.3-44.3, p < 0.0001] or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors (median: 26.5 BAU/ml, IQR: 14.9-108.8, p = 0.0034) compared to controls (median: 152.7 BAU/ml, IQR: 89.3-260.3). All peripheral memory B-cell (MBC) subpopulations, in particular, the switched IgG+ MBCs (CD19+CD27+IgD-IgM-IgG+), were significantly reduced in RA subjects under CTLA-4-Ig compared to those in HCWs (p = 0.0012). In RA patients, a significantly reduced anti-RBD IgG titer was observed at T6 vs. T1, mainly in those treated with CTLA-4-Ig (p = 0.002), interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitors (p = 0.015), and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) ± corticosteroids (CCSs) (p = 0.015). In contrast, a weak nonsignificant reduction of the T-cell response was reported at T6 vs. T1. T-cell response was found in 65.7% of the RA patients at T6, with lower significant magnitude in patients under CTLA-4-Ig compared to HCWs (p < 0.0001). The SARS-CoV-2 IFN-γ-S-specific T-cell response was mainly detected in the CD4+ T-cell compartment.ResultsAfter 6 months, anti-RBD antibodies were still detectable in 91.4% of RA patients, although we observed a significant reduction of the titer in patients under Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4)-Ig [median: 16.4 binding antibody units (BAU)/ml, interquartile range (IQR): 11.3-44.3, p < 0.0001] or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors (median: 26.5 BAU/ml, IQR: 14.9-108.8, p = 0.0034) compared to controls (median: 152.7 BAU/ml, IQR: 89.3-260.3). All peripheral memory B-cell (MBC) subpopulations, in particular, the switched IgG+ MBCs (CD19+CD27+IgD-IgM-IgG+), were significantly reduced in RA subjects under CTLA-4-Ig compared to those in HCWs (p = 0.0012). In RA patients, a significantly reduced anti-RBD IgG titer was observed at T6 vs. T1, mainly in those treated with CTLA-4-Ig (p = 0.002), interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitors (p = 0.015), and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) ± corticosteroids (CCSs) (p = 0.015). In contrast, a weak nonsignificant reduction of the T-cell response was reported at T6 vs. T1. T-cell response was found in 65.7% of the RA patients at T6, with lower significant magnitude in patients under CTLA-4-Ig compared to HCWs (p < 0.0001). The SARS-CoV-2 IFN-γ-S-specific T-cell response was mainly detected in the CD4+ T-cell compartment.In this study, in RA patients after 6 months from COVID-19 vaccination, we show the kinetics, waning, and impairment of the humoral and, to a less extent, of the T-cell response. Similarly, a reduction of the specific response was also observed in the controls. Therefore, based on these results, a booster dose of the vaccine is crucial to increase the specific immune response regardless of the immunosuppressive therapy.ConclusionsIn this study, in RA patients after 6 months from COVID-19 vaccination, we show the kinetics, waning, and impairment of the humoral and, to a less extent, of the T-cell response. Similarly, a reduction of the specific response was also observed in the controls. Therefore, based on these results, a booster dose of the vaccine is crucial to increase the specific immune response regardless of the immunosuppressive therapy.
ObjectiveTo assess the kinetics of the humoral and cell-mediated responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with different immunosuppressive therapies.MethodsFollowing vaccine completed schedule, health care workers (HCWs, n = 49) and RA patients (n = 35) were enrolled at 5 weeks (T1) and 6 months (T6) after the first dose of BNT162b2-mRNA vaccination. Serological response was assessed by quantifying anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, while cell-mediated response was assessed by a whole-blood test quantifying the interferon (IFN)-γ response to spike peptides. B-cell phenotype and IFN-γ-specific T-cell responses were evaluated by flow cytometry.ResultsAfter 6 months, anti-RBD antibodies were still detectable in 91.4% of RA patients, although we observed a significant reduction of the titer in patients under Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4)-Ig [median: 16.4 binding antibody units (BAU)/ml, interquartile range (IQR): 11.3–44.3, p < 0.0001] or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors (median: 26.5 BAU/ml, IQR: 14.9–108.8, p = 0.0034) compared to controls (median: 152.7 BAU/ml, IQR: 89.3–260.3). All peripheral memory B-cell (MBC) subpopulations, in particular, the switched IgG+ MBCs (CD19+CD27+IgD-IgM-IgG+), were significantly reduced in RA subjects under CTLA-4-Ig compared to those in HCWs (p = 0.0012). In RA patients, a significantly reduced anti-RBD IgG titer was observed at T6 vs. T1, mainly in those treated with CTLA-4-Ig (p = 0.002), interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitors (p = 0.015), and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) ± corticosteroids (CCSs) (p = 0.015). In contrast, a weak nonsignificant reduction of the T-cell response was reported at T6 vs. T1. T-cell response was found in 65.7% of the RA patients at T6, with lower significant magnitude in patients under CTLA-4-Ig compared to HCWs (p < 0.0001). The SARS-CoV-2 IFN-γ-S-specific T-cell response was mainly detected in the CD4+ T-cell compartment.ConclusionsIn this study, in RA patients after 6 months from COVID-19 vaccination, we show the kinetics, waning, and impairment of the humoral and, to a less extent, of the T-cell response. Similarly, a reduction of the specific response was also observed in the controls. Therefore, based on these results, a booster dose of the vaccine is crucial to increase the specific immune response regardless of the immunosuppressive therapy.
Author Repele, Federica
Salmi, Andrea
Nicastri, Emanuele
Laganà, Bruno
Vaia, Francesco
Grassi, Germana
Maffongelli, Gaetano
Casetti, Rita
Petrone, Linda
Salemi, Simonetta
Colavita, Francesca
Corpolongo, Angela
Altera, Anna Maria Gerarda
Castilletti, Concetta
Picchianti-Diamanti, Andrea
Farroni, Chiara
Di Rosa, Roberta
Nalli, Gabriele
Aiello, Alessandra
Meschi, Silvia
Puro, Vincenzo
Agrati, Chiara
Vanini, Valentina
Sesti, Giorgio
Goletti, Delia
Cuzzi, Gilda
AuthorAffiliation 6 Unità Operativa Semplice (UOS) Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) , Rome , Italy
2 Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University, S. Andrea University Hospital , Rome , Italy
4 Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) , Rome , Italy
8 Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Emerging Infections and Centro di Riferimento AIDS (CRAIDS), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) , Rome , Italy
1 Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) , Rome , Italy
5 Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-Istituto di Ricover
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) , Rome , Italy
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– name: 8 Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Emerging Infections and Centro di Riferimento AIDS (CRAIDS), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) , Rome , Italy
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– name: 7 Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Direzione Sanitaria, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) , Rome , Italy
– name: 5 Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) , Rome , Italy
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35309297$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © 2022 Farroni, Picchianti-Diamanti, Aiello, Nicastri, Laganà, Agrati, Castilletti, Meschi, Colavita, Cuzzi, Casetti, Grassi, Petrone, Vanini, Salmi, Repele, Altera, Maffongelli, Corpolongo, Salemi, Di Rosa, Nalli, Sesti, Vaia, Puro and Goletti.
Copyright © 2022 Farroni, Picchianti-Diamanti, Aiello, Nicastri, Laganà, Agrati, Castilletti, Meschi, Colavita, Cuzzi, Casetti, Grassi, Petrone, Vanini, Salmi, Repele, Altera, Maffongelli, Corpolongo, Salemi, Di Rosa, Nalli, Sesti, Vaia, Puro and Goletti 2022 Farroni, Picchianti-Diamanti, Aiello, Nicastri, Laganà, Agrati, Castilletti, Meschi, Colavita, Cuzzi, Casetti, Grassi, Petrone, Vanini, Salmi, Repele, Altera, Maffongelli, Corpolongo, Salemi, Di Rosa, Nalli, Sesti, Vaia, Puro and Goletti
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright © 2022 Farroni, Picchianti-Diamanti, Aiello, Nicastri, Laganà, Agrati, Castilletti, Meschi, Colavita, Cuzzi, Casetti, Grassi, Petrone, Vanini, Salmi, Repele, Altera, Maffongelli, Corpolongo, Salemi, Di Rosa, Nalli, Sesti, Vaia, Puro and Goletti.
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Keywords COVID-19
DMARD (disease-modifying antirheumatic drug)
antibody response
biological therapy
whole blood
rheumatoid arthritis
T-cell response
mRNA vaccine
Language English
License Copyright © 2022 Farroni, Picchianti-Diamanti, Aiello, Nicastri, Laganà, Agrati, Castilletti, Meschi, Colavita, Cuzzi, Casetti, Grassi, Petrone, Vanini, Salmi, Repele, Altera, Maffongelli, Corpolongo, Salemi, Di Rosa, Nalli, Sesti, Vaia, Puro and Goletti.
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content type line 23
Edited by: Luca Quartuccio, University of Udine, Italy
Members of INMI COVID-19 Vaccine Study Group are listed in the Acknowledgments section
These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
This article was submitted to Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Disorders, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
Present address:Concetta Castilletti, Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
Reviewed by: Silvia Piantoni, ASST-Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Italy; Rossana Domenis, University of Udine, Italy
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Snippet To assess the kinetics of the humoral and cell-mediated responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in rheumatoid...
ObjectiveTo assess the kinetics of the humoral and cell-mediated responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in...
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SubjectTerms Abatacept
Antibodies, Viral
antibody response
Antirheumatic Agents - therapeutic use
Arthritis, Rheumatoid - drug therapy
BNT162 Vaccine
COVID-19
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines
Humans
Immunity
Immunoglobulin G
Immunology
Kinetics
mRNA vaccine
rheumatoid arthritis
RNA, Messenger
SARS-CoV-2
T-cell response
T-Lymphocytes
Vaccination
whole blood
Title Kinetics of the B- and T-Cell Immune Responses After 6 Months From SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35309297
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2641514779
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8924958
https://doaj.org/article/ce11156bda6b43128ed3f09d05f83941
Volume 13
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