Pregnant Women Develop a Specific Immunological Long-Lived Memory Against SARS-COV-2
It is well established that pregnancy induces deep changes in the immune system. This is part of the physiological adaptation of the female organism to the pregnancy and the immunological tolerance toward the fetus. Indeed, over the three trimesters, the suppressive T regulatory lymphocytes are prog...
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| Vydáno v: | Frontiers in immunology Ročník 13; s. 827889 |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Frontiers Media S.A
10.02.2022
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| ISSN: | 1664-3224, 1664-3224 |
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| Abstract | It is well established that pregnancy induces deep changes in the immune system. This is part of the physiological adaptation of the female organism to the pregnancy and the immunological tolerance toward the fetus. Indeed, over the three trimesters, the suppressive T regulatory lymphocytes are progressively more represented, while the expression of co-stimulatory molecules decreases overtime. Such adaptations relate to an increased risk of infections and progression to severe disease in pregnant women, potentially resulting in an altered generation of long-lived specific immunological memory of infection contracted during pregnancy. How potent is the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in infected pregnant women and how long the specific SARS-CoV-2 immunity might last need to be urgently addressed, especially considering the current vaccinal campaign. To address these questions, we analyzed the long-term immunological response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women from delivery to a six-months follow-up. In particular, we investigated the specific antibody production, T cell memory subsets, and inflammation profile. Results show that 80% developed an anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG response, comparable with the general population. While IgG were present only in 50% of the asymptomatic subjects, the antibody production was elicited by infection in all the mild-to-critical patients. The specific T-cell memory subsets rebalanced over-time, and the pro-inflammatory profile triggered by specific SARS-CoV-2 stimulation faded away. These results shed light on SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in pregnant women; understanding the immunological dynamics of the immune system in response to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for defining proper obstetric management of pregnant women and fine tune gender-specific vaccinal plans. |
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| AbstractList | It is well established that pregnancy induces deep changes in the immune system. This is part of the physiological adaptation of the female organism to the pregnancy and the immunological tolerance toward the fetus. Indeed, over the three trimesters, the suppressive T regulatory lymphocytes are progressively more represented, while the expression of co-stimulatory molecules decreases overtime. Such adaptations relate to an increased risk of infections and progression to severe disease in pregnant women, potentially resulting in an altered generation of long-lived specific immunological memory of infection contracted during pregnancy. How potent is the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in infected pregnant women and how long the specific SARS-CoV-2 immunity might last need to be urgently addressed, especially considering the current vaccinal campaign. To address these questions, we analyzed the long-term immunological response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women from delivery to a six-months follow-up. In particular, we investigated the specific antibody production, T cell memory subsets, and inflammation profile. Results show that 80% developed an anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG response, comparable with the general population. While IgG were present only in 50% of the asymptomatic subjects, the antibody production was elicited by infection in all the mild-to-critical patients. The specific T-cell memory subsets rebalanced over-time, and the pro-inflammatory profile triggered by specific SARS-CoV-2 stimulation faded away. These results shed light on SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in pregnant women; understanding the immunological dynamics of the immune system in response to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for defining proper obstetric management of pregnant women and fine tune gender-specific vaccinal plans. It is well established that pregnancy induces deep changes in the immune system. This is part of the physiological adaptation of the female organism to the pregnancy and the immunological tolerance toward the fetus. Indeed, over the three trimesters, the suppressive T regulatory lymphocytes are progressively more represented, while the expression of co-stimulatory molecules decreases overtime. Such adaptations relate to an increased risk of infections and progression to severe disease in pregnant women, potentially resulting in an altered generation of long-lived specific immunological memory of infection contracted during pregnancy. How potent is the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in infected pregnant women and how long the specific SARS-CoV-2 immunity might last need to be urgently addressed, especially considering the current vaccinal campaign. To address these questions, we analyzed the long-term immunological response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women from delivery to a six-months follow-up. In particular, we investigated the specific antibody production, T cell memory subsets, and inflammation profile. Results show that 80% developed an anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG response, comparable with the general population. While IgG were present only in 50% of the asymptomatic subjects, the antibody production was elicited by infection in all the mild-to-critical patients. The specific T-cell memory subsets rebalanced over-time, and the pro-inflammatory profile triggered by specific SARS-CoV-2 stimulation faded away. These results shed light on SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in pregnant women; understanding the immunological dynamics of the immune system in response to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for defining proper obstetric management of pregnant women and fine tune gender-specific vaccinal plans.It is well established that pregnancy induces deep changes in the immune system. This is part of the physiological adaptation of the female organism to the pregnancy and the immunological tolerance toward the fetus. Indeed, over the three trimesters, the suppressive T regulatory lymphocytes are progressively more represented, while the expression of co-stimulatory molecules decreases overtime. Such adaptations relate to an increased risk of infections and progression to severe disease in pregnant women, potentially resulting in an altered generation of long-lived specific immunological memory of infection contracted during pregnancy. How potent is the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in infected pregnant women and how long the specific SARS-CoV-2 immunity might last need to be urgently addressed, especially considering the current vaccinal campaign. To address these questions, we analyzed the long-term immunological response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women from delivery to a six-months follow-up. In particular, we investigated the specific antibody production, T cell memory subsets, and inflammation profile. Results show that 80% developed an anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG response, comparable with the general population. While IgG were present only in 50% of the asymptomatic subjects, the antibody production was elicited by infection in all the mild-to-critical patients. The specific T-cell memory subsets rebalanced over-time, and the pro-inflammatory profile triggered by specific SARS-CoV-2 stimulation faded away. These results shed light on SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in pregnant women; understanding the immunological dynamics of the immune system in response to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for defining proper obstetric management of pregnant women and fine tune gender-specific vaccinal plans. |
| Author | Mileto, Davide Vanetti, Claudia Saulle, Irma Saresella, Marina Cetin, Irene Trabattoni, Daria Biasin, Mara Savasi, Valeria Parisi, Francesca Fenizia, Claudio Clerici, Mario Di Giminiani, Maria |
| AuthorAffiliation | 6 Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi, IRCCS , Milan , Italy 2 Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan , Milan , Italy 5 Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco , Milan , Italy 3 Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate Buzzi Children’s Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli‐Sacco , Milan , Italy 1 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan , Milan , Italy 4 Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bio-emergence Diagnosis, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco , Milan , Italy |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 5 Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco , Milan , Italy – name: 2 Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan , Milan , Italy – name: 6 Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi, IRCCS , Milan , Italy – name: 4 Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bio-emergence Diagnosis, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco , Milan , Italy – name: 1 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan , Milan , Italy – name: 3 Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate Buzzi Children’s Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli‐Sacco , Milan , Italy |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Claudio surname: Fenizia fullname: Fenizia, Claudio – sequence: 2 givenname: Irene surname: Cetin fullname: Cetin, Irene – sequence: 3 givenname: Davide surname: Mileto fullname: Mileto, Davide – sequence: 4 givenname: Claudia surname: Vanetti fullname: Vanetti, Claudia – sequence: 5 givenname: Irma surname: Saulle fullname: Saulle, Irma – sequence: 6 givenname: Maria surname: Di Giminiani fullname: Di Giminiani, Maria – sequence: 7 givenname: Marina surname: Saresella fullname: Saresella, Marina – sequence: 8 givenname: Francesca surname: Parisi fullname: Parisi, Francesca – sequence: 9 givenname: Daria surname: Trabattoni fullname: Trabattoni, Daria – sequence: 10 givenname: Mario surname: Clerici fullname: Clerici, Mario – sequence: 11 givenname: Mara surname: Biasin fullname: Biasin, Mara – sequence: 12 givenname: Valeria surname: Savasi fullname: Savasi, Valeria |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2022 Fenizia, Cetin, Mileto, Vanetti, Saulle, Di Giminiani, Saresella, Parisi, Trabattoni, Clerici, Biasin and Savasi. Copyright © 2022 Fenizia, Cetin, Mileto, Vanetti, Saulle, Di Giminiani, Saresella, Parisi, Trabattoni, Clerici, Biasin and Savasi 2022 Fenizia, Cetin, Mileto, Vanetti, Saulle, Di Giminiani, Saresella, Parisi, Trabattoni, Clerici, Biasin and Savasi |
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| Keywords | SARS-CoV-2 antibody long term immunological memory pregnancy |
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| License | Copyright © 2022 Fenizia, Cetin, Mileto, Vanetti, Saulle, Di Giminiani, Saresella, Parisi, Trabattoni, Clerici, Biasin and Savasi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Edited by: Lucia Lopalco, San Raffaele Hospital (IRCCS), Italy This article was submitted to Viral Immunology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology Reviewed by: Francesca Chiodi, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Sweden; Jorma Hinkula, Linköping University, Sweden |
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| Title | Pregnant Women Develop a Specific Immunological Long-Lived Memory Against SARS-COV-2 |
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