Pregnant Women Develop a Specific Immunological Long-Lived Memory Against SARS-COV-2

It is well established that pregnancy induces deep changes in the immune system. This is part of the physiological adaptation of the female organism to the pregnancy and the immunological tolerance toward the fetus. Indeed, over the three trimesters, the suppressive T regulatory lymphocytes are prog...

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Vydáno v:Frontiers in immunology Ročník 13; s. 827889
Hlavní autoři: Fenizia, Claudio, Cetin, Irene, Mileto, Davide, Vanetti, Claudia, Saulle, Irma, Di Giminiani, Maria, Saresella, Marina, Parisi, Francesca, Trabattoni, Daria, Clerici, Mario, Biasin, Mara, Savasi, Valeria
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 10.02.2022
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ISSN:1664-3224, 1664-3224
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Abstract It is well established that pregnancy induces deep changes in the immune system. This is part of the physiological adaptation of the female organism to the pregnancy and the immunological tolerance toward the fetus. Indeed, over the three trimesters, the suppressive T regulatory lymphocytes are progressively more represented, while the expression of co-stimulatory molecules decreases overtime. Such adaptations relate to an increased risk of infections and progression to severe disease in pregnant women, potentially resulting in an altered generation of long-lived specific immunological memory of infection contracted during pregnancy. How potent is the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in infected pregnant women and how long the specific SARS-CoV-2 immunity might last need to be urgently addressed, especially considering the current vaccinal campaign. To address these questions, we analyzed the long-term immunological response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women from delivery to a six-months follow-up. In particular, we investigated the specific antibody production, T cell memory subsets, and inflammation profile. Results show that 80% developed an anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG response, comparable with the general population. While IgG were present only in 50% of the asymptomatic subjects, the antibody production was elicited by infection in all the mild-to-critical patients. The specific T-cell memory subsets rebalanced over-time, and the pro-inflammatory profile triggered by specific SARS-CoV-2 stimulation faded away. These results shed light on SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in pregnant women; understanding the immunological dynamics of the immune system in response to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for defining proper obstetric management of pregnant women and fine tune gender-specific vaccinal plans.
AbstractList It is well established that pregnancy induces deep changes in the immune system. This is part of the physiological adaptation of the female organism to the pregnancy and the immunological tolerance toward the fetus. Indeed, over the three trimesters, the suppressive T regulatory lymphocytes are progressively more represented, while the expression of co-stimulatory molecules decreases overtime. Such adaptations relate to an increased risk of infections and progression to severe disease in pregnant women, potentially resulting in an altered generation of long-lived specific immunological memory of infection contracted during pregnancy. How potent is the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in infected pregnant women and how long the specific SARS-CoV-2 immunity might last need to be urgently addressed, especially considering the current vaccinal campaign. To address these questions, we analyzed the long-term immunological response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women from delivery to a six-months follow-up. In particular, we investigated the specific antibody production, T cell memory subsets, and inflammation profile. Results show that 80% developed an anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG response, comparable with the general population. While IgG were present only in 50% of the asymptomatic subjects, the antibody production was elicited by infection in all the mild-to-critical patients. The specific T-cell memory subsets rebalanced over-time, and the pro-inflammatory profile triggered by specific SARS-CoV-2 stimulation faded away. These results shed light on SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in pregnant women; understanding the immunological dynamics of the immune system in response to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for defining proper obstetric management of pregnant women and fine tune gender-specific vaccinal plans.
It is well established that pregnancy induces deep changes in the immune system. This is part of the physiological adaptation of the female organism to the pregnancy and the immunological tolerance toward the fetus. Indeed, over the three trimesters, the suppressive T regulatory lymphocytes are progressively more represented, while the expression of co-stimulatory molecules decreases overtime. Such adaptations relate to an increased risk of infections and progression to severe disease in pregnant women, potentially resulting in an altered generation of long-lived specific immunological memory of infection contracted during pregnancy. How potent is the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in infected pregnant women and how long the specific SARS-CoV-2 immunity might last need to be urgently addressed, especially considering the current vaccinal campaign. To address these questions, we analyzed the long-term immunological response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women from delivery to a six-months follow-up. In particular, we investigated the specific antibody production, T cell memory subsets, and inflammation profile. Results show that 80% developed an anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG response, comparable with the general population. While IgG were present only in 50% of the asymptomatic subjects, the antibody production was elicited by infection in all the mild-to-critical patients. The specific T-cell memory subsets rebalanced over-time, and the pro-inflammatory profile triggered by specific SARS-CoV-2 stimulation faded away. These results shed light on SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in pregnant women; understanding the immunological dynamics of the immune system in response to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for defining proper obstetric management of pregnant women and fine tune gender-specific vaccinal plans.It is well established that pregnancy induces deep changes in the immune system. This is part of the physiological adaptation of the female organism to the pregnancy and the immunological tolerance toward the fetus. Indeed, over the three trimesters, the suppressive T regulatory lymphocytes are progressively more represented, while the expression of co-stimulatory molecules decreases overtime. Such adaptations relate to an increased risk of infections and progression to severe disease in pregnant women, potentially resulting in an altered generation of long-lived specific immunological memory of infection contracted during pregnancy. How potent is the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in infected pregnant women and how long the specific SARS-CoV-2 immunity might last need to be urgently addressed, especially considering the current vaccinal campaign. To address these questions, we analyzed the long-term immunological response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women from delivery to a six-months follow-up. In particular, we investigated the specific antibody production, T cell memory subsets, and inflammation profile. Results show that 80% developed an anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG response, comparable with the general population. While IgG were present only in 50% of the asymptomatic subjects, the antibody production was elicited by infection in all the mild-to-critical patients. The specific T-cell memory subsets rebalanced over-time, and the pro-inflammatory profile triggered by specific SARS-CoV-2 stimulation faded away. These results shed light on SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in pregnant women; understanding the immunological dynamics of the immune system in response to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for defining proper obstetric management of pregnant women and fine tune gender-specific vaccinal plans.
Author Mileto, Davide
Vanetti, Claudia
Saulle, Irma
Saresella, Marina
Cetin, Irene
Trabattoni, Daria
Biasin, Mara
Savasi, Valeria
Parisi, Francesca
Fenizia, Claudio
Clerici, Mario
Di Giminiani, Maria
AuthorAffiliation 6 Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi, IRCCS , Milan , Italy
2 Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
5 Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco , Milan , Italy
3 Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate Buzzi Children’s Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli‐Sacco , Milan , Italy
1 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
4 Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bio-emergence Diagnosis, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco , Milan , Italy
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 5 Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco , Milan , Italy
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– name: 4 Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bio-emergence Diagnosis, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco , Milan , Italy
– name: 1 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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Copyright Copyright © 2022 Fenizia, Cetin, Mileto, Vanetti, Saulle, Di Giminiani, Saresella, Parisi, Trabattoni, Clerici, Biasin and Savasi.
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Keywords SARS-CoV-2
antibody
long term
immunological memory
pregnancy
Language English
License Copyright © 2022 Fenizia, Cetin, Mileto, Vanetti, Saulle, Di Giminiani, Saresella, Parisi, Trabattoni, Clerici, Biasin and Savasi.
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Edited by: Lucia Lopalco, San Raffaele Hospital (IRCCS), Italy
This article was submitted to Viral Immunology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
Reviewed by: Francesca Chiodi, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Sweden; Jorma Hinkula, Linköping University, Sweden
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Snippet It is well established that pregnancy induces deep changes in the immune system. This is part of the physiological adaptation of the female organism to the...
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StartPage 827889
SubjectTerms Adult
Animals
Antibodies, Viral - immunology
antibody
Antibody Formation - immunology
B-Lymphocytes - immunology
Cell Line
Chlorocebus aethiops
COVID-19 - immunology
Female
Humans
Immunologic Memory - immunology
immunological memory
Immunology
long term
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - immunology
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - virology
Pregnant Women
Prospective Studies
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
Vero Cells
Young Adult
Title Pregnant Women Develop a Specific Immunological Long-Lived Memory Against SARS-COV-2
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35251011
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2636889104
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8889908
https://doaj.org/article/afd4a24b0b094306a96f7e7ec410fc95
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