Treated HIV Infection Alters Phenotype but Not HIV-Specific Function of Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells

Natural killer (NK) cells are the predominant antiviral cells of the innate immune system, and may play an important role in acquisition and disease progression of HIV. While untreated HIV infection is associated with distinct alterations in the peripheral blood NK cell repertoire, less is known abo...

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Vydané v:	Frontiers in immunology Ročník 11; s. 829
Hlavní autori:	Zhao, Nancy Q., Ferreira, Anne-Maud, Grant, Philip M., Holmes, Susan, Blish, Catherine A.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 12.05.2020
Predmet:	Adult Aged Anti-HIV Agents - therapeutic use CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology Cells, Cultured Coculture Techniques Cohort Studies CyTOF Female HIV Infections - blood HIV Infections - drug therapy HIV Infections - immunology HIV Infections - virology HIV-1 HIV-1 - immunology Humans Immunology innate immunity Interleukin-2 - genetics Interleukin-2 - therapeutic use Killer Cells, Natural - immunology Male memory Middle Aged NK cells Phenotype Receptors, Natural Killer Cell - metabolism Recombinant Proteins - therapeutic use Treatment Outcome HIV-1 NK cells memory innate immunity CyTOF
ISSN:	1664-3224, 1664-3224
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Abstract	Natural killer (NK) cells are the predominant antiviral cells of the innate immune system, and may play an important role in acquisition and disease progression of HIV. While untreated HIV infection is associated with distinct alterations in the peripheral blood NK cell repertoire, less is known about how NK phenotype is altered in the setting of long-term viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as how NK memory can impact functional responses. As such, we sought to identify changes in NK cell phenotype and function using high-dimensional mass cytometry to simultaneously analyze both surface and functional marker expression of peripheral blood NK cells in a cohort of ART-suppressed, HIV+ patients and HIV- healthy controls. We found that the NK cell repertoire following IL-2 treatment was altered in individuals with treated HIV infection compared to healthy controls, with increased expression of markers including NKG2C and CD2, and decreased expression of CD244 and NKp30. Using co-culture assays with autologous, HIV-infected CD4 T cells, we identified a subset of NK cells with enhanced responsiveness to HIV-1-infected cells, but no differences in the magnitude of anti-HIV NK cell responses between the HIV+ and HIV- groups. In addition, by profiling of NK cell receptors on responding cells, we found similar phenotypes of HIV-responsive NK cell subsets in both groups. Lastly, we identified clusters of NK cells that are altered in individuals with treated HIV infection compared to healthy controls, but found that these clusters are distinct from those that respond to HIV . As such, we conclude that while chronic, treated HIV infection induces a reshaping of the IL-2-stimulated peripheral blood NK cell repertoire, it does so in a way that does not make the repertoire more HIV-specific.
AbstractList	Natural killer (NK) cells are the predominant antiviral cells of the innate immune system, and may play an important role in acquisition and disease progression of HIV. While untreated HIV infection is associated with distinct alterations in the peripheral blood NK cell repertoire, less is known about how NK phenotype is altered in the setting of long-term viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as how NK memory can impact functional responses. As such, we sought to identify changes in NK cell phenotype and function using high-dimensional mass cytometry to simultaneously analyze both surface and functional marker expression of peripheral blood NK cells in a cohort of ART-suppressed, HIV+ patients and HIV- healthy controls. We found that the NK cell repertoire following IL-2 treatment was altered in individuals with treated HIV infection compared to healthy controls, with increased expression of markers including NKG2C and CD2, and decreased expression of CD244 and NKp30. Using co-culture assays with autologous, in vitro HIV-infected CD4 T cells, we identified a subset of NK cells with enhanced responsiveness to HIV-1-infected cells, but no differences in the magnitude of anti-HIV NK cell responses between the HIV+ and HIV− groups. In addition, by profiling of NK cell receptors on responding cells, we found similar phenotypes of HIV-responsive NK cell subsets in both groups. Lastly, we identified clusters of NK cells that are altered in individuals with treated HIV infection compared to healthy controls, but found that these clusters are distinct from those that respond to HIV in vitro. As such, we conclude that while chronic, treated HIV infection induces a reshaping of the IL-2-stimulated peripheral blood NK cell repertoire, it does so in a way that does not make the repertoire more HIV-specific. Natural killer (NK) cells are the predominant antiviral cells of the innate immune system, and may play an important role in acquisition and disease progression of HIV. While untreated HIV infection is associated with distinct alterations in the peripheral blood NK cell repertoire, less is known about how NK phenotype is altered in the setting of long-term viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as how NK memory can impact functional responses. As such, we sought to identify changes in NK cell phenotype and function using high-dimensional mass cytometry to simultaneously analyze both surface and functional marker expression of peripheral blood NK cells in a cohort of ART-suppressed, HIV+ patients and HIV- healthy controls. We found that the NK cell repertoire following IL-2 treatment was altered in individuals with treated HIV infection compared to healthy controls, with increased expression of markers including NKG2C and CD2, and decreased expression of CD244 and NKp30. Using co-culture assays with autologous, in vitro HIV-infected CD4 T cells, we identified a subset of NK cells with enhanced responsiveness to HIV-1-infected cells, but no differences in the magnitude of anti-HIV NK cell responses between the HIV+ and HIV- groups. In addition, by profiling of NK cell receptors on responding cells, we found similar phenotypes of HIV-responsive NK cell subsets in both groups. Lastly, we identified clusters of NK cells that are altered in individuals with treated HIV infection compared to healthy controls, but found that these clusters are distinct from those that respond to HIV in vitro. As such, we conclude that while chronic, treated HIV infection induces a reshaping of the IL-2-stimulated peripheral blood NK cell repertoire, it does so in a way that does not make the repertoire more HIV-specific.Natural killer (NK) cells are the predominant antiviral cells of the innate immune system, and may play an important role in acquisition and disease progression of HIV. While untreated HIV infection is associated with distinct alterations in the peripheral blood NK cell repertoire, less is known about how NK phenotype is altered in the setting of long-term viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as how NK memory can impact functional responses. As such, we sought to identify changes in NK cell phenotype and function using high-dimensional mass cytometry to simultaneously analyze both surface and functional marker expression of peripheral blood NK cells in a cohort of ART-suppressed, HIV+ patients and HIV- healthy controls. We found that the NK cell repertoire following IL-2 treatment was altered in individuals with treated HIV infection compared to healthy controls, with increased expression of markers including NKG2C and CD2, and decreased expression of CD244 and NKp30. Using co-culture assays with autologous, in vitro HIV-infected CD4 T cells, we identified a subset of NK cells with enhanced responsiveness to HIV-1-infected cells, but no differences in the magnitude of anti-HIV NK cell responses between the HIV+ and HIV- groups. In addition, by profiling of NK cell receptors on responding cells, we found similar phenotypes of HIV-responsive NK cell subsets in both groups. Lastly, we identified clusters of NK cells that are altered in individuals with treated HIV infection compared to healthy controls, but found that these clusters are distinct from those that respond to HIV in vitro. As such, we conclude that while chronic, treated HIV infection induces a reshaping of the IL-2-stimulated peripheral blood NK cell repertoire, it does so in a way that does not make the repertoire more HIV-specific. Natural killer (NK) cells are the predominant antiviral cells of the innate immune system, and may play an important role in acquisition and disease progression of HIV. While untreated HIV infection is associated with distinct alterations in the peripheral blood NK cell repertoire, less is known about how NK phenotype is altered in the setting of long-term viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as how NK memory can impact functional responses. As such, we sought to identify changes in NK cell phenotype and function using high-dimensional mass cytometry to simultaneously analyze both surface and functional marker expression of peripheral blood NK cells in a cohort of ART-suppressed, HIV+ patients and HIV- healthy controls. We found that the NK cell repertoire following IL-2 treatment was altered in individuals with treated HIV infection compared to healthy controls, with increased expression of markers including NKG2C and CD2, and decreased expression of CD244 and NKp30. Using co-culture assays with autologous, HIV-infected CD4 T cells, we identified a subset of NK cells with enhanced responsiveness to HIV-1-infected cells, but no differences in the magnitude of anti-HIV NK cell responses between the HIV+ and HIV- groups. In addition, by profiling of NK cell receptors on responding cells, we found similar phenotypes of HIV-responsive NK cell subsets in both groups. Lastly, we identified clusters of NK cells that are altered in individuals with treated HIV infection compared to healthy controls, but found that these clusters are distinct from those that respond to HIV . As such, we conclude that while chronic, treated HIV infection induces a reshaping of the IL-2-stimulated peripheral blood NK cell repertoire, it does so in a way that does not make the repertoire more HIV-specific.
Author	Holmes, Susan Grant, Philip M. Blish, Catherine A. Ferreira, Anne-Maud Zhao, Nancy Q.
AuthorAffiliation	2 Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , United States 4 Chan Zuckerberg Biohub , San Francisco, CA , United States 3 Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , United States 1 Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , United States
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 4 Chan Zuckerberg Biohub , San Francisco, CA , United States – name: 2 Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , United States – name: 1 Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , United States – name: 3 Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , United States
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Nancy Q. surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Nancy Q. – sequence: 2 givenname: Anne-Maud surname: Ferreira fullname: Ferreira, Anne-Maud – sequence: 3 givenname: Philip M. surname: Grant fullname: Grant, Philip M. – sequence: 4 givenname: Susan surname: Holmes fullname: Holmes, Susan – sequence: 5 givenname: Catherine A. surname: Blish fullname: Blish, Catherine A.
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Copyright	Copyright © 2020 Zhao, Ferreira, Grant, Holmes and Blish. Copyright © 2020 Zhao, Ferreira, Grant, Holmes and Blish. 2020 Zhao, Ferreira, Grant, Holmes and Blish
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Keywords	HIV-1 NK cells memory innate immunity CyTOF
Language	English
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Snippet	Natural killer (NK) cells are the predominant antiviral cells of the innate immune system, and may play an important role in acquisition and disease...
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SubjectTerms	Adult Aged Anti-HIV Agents - therapeutic use CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology Cells, Cultured Coculture Techniques Cohort Studies CyTOF Female HIV Infections - blood HIV Infections - drug therapy HIV Infections - immunology HIV Infections - virology HIV-1 HIV-1 - immunology Humans Immunology innate immunity Interleukin-2 - genetics Interleukin-2 - therapeutic use Killer Cells, Natural - immunology Male memory Middle Aged NK cells Phenotype Receptors, Natural Killer Cell - metabolism Recombinant Proteins - therapeutic use Treatment Outcome
Title	Treated HIV Infection Alters Phenotype but Not HIV-Specific Function of Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells
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