The contribution of emotion and cognition to moral sensitivity: a neurodevelopmental study

Whether emotion is a source of moral judgments remains controversial. This study combined neurophysiological measures, including functional magnetic resonance imaging, eye-tracking, and pupillary response with behavioral measures assessing affective and moral judgments across age. One hundred and tw...

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Vydáno v:	Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991) Ročník 22; číslo 1; s. 209
Hlavní autoři:	Decety, Jean, Michalska, Kalina J, Kinzler, Katherine D
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States 01.01.2012
Témata:	Adolescent Adult Age Factors Analysis of Variance Attention - physiology Brain - anatomy & histology Brain - growth & development Brain Mapping Child Child, Preschool Cognition - physiology Emotions - physiology Empathy Female Fixation, Ocular - physiology Human Development Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Intention Interpersonal Relations Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Morale Neuropsychological Tests Oxygen Pain Measurement Photic Stimulation Psychometrics Psychophysics Young Adult
ISSN:	1460-2199, 1460-2199
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Abstract	Whether emotion is a source of moral judgments remains controversial. This study combined neurophysiological measures, including functional magnetic resonance imaging, eye-tracking, and pupillary response with behavioral measures assessing affective and moral judgments across age. One hundred and twenty-six participants aged between 4 and 37 years viewed scenarios depicting intentional versus accidental actions that caused harm/damage to people and objects. Morally, salient scenarios evoked stronger empathic sadness in young participants and were associated with enhanced activity in the amygdala, insula, and temporal poles. While intentional harm was evaluated as equally wrong across all participants, ratings of deserved punishments and malevolent intent gradually became more differentiated with age. Furthermore, age-related increase in activity was detected in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in response to intentional harm to people, as well as increased functional connectivity between this region and the amygdala. Our study provides evidence that moral reasoning involves a complex integration between affective and cognitive processes that gradually changes with age and can be viewed in dynamic transaction across the course of ontogenesis. The findings support the view that negative emotion alerts the individual to the moral salience of a situation by bringing discomfort and thus can serve as an antecedent to moral judgment.
AbstractList	Whether emotion is a source of moral judgments remains controversial. This study combined neurophysiological measures, including functional magnetic resonance imaging, eye-tracking, and pupillary response with behavioral measures assessing affective and moral judgments across age. One hundred and twenty-six participants aged between 4 and 37 years viewed scenarios depicting intentional versus accidental actions that caused harm/damage to people and objects. Morally, salient scenarios evoked stronger empathic sadness in young participants and were associated with enhanced activity in the amygdala, insula, and temporal poles. While intentional harm was evaluated as equally wrong across all participants, ratings of deserved punishments and malevolent intent gradually became more differentiated with age. Furthermore, age-related increase in activity was detected in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in response to intentional harm to people, as well as increased functional connectivity between this region and the amygdala. Our study provides evidence that moral reasoning involves a complex integration between affective and cognitive processes that gradually changes with age and can be viewed in dynamic transaction across the course of ontogenesis. The findings support the view that negative emotion alerts the individual to the moral salience of a situation by bringing discomfort and thus can serve as an antecedent to moral judgment. Whether emotion is a source of moral judgments remains controversial. This study combined neurophysiological measures, including functional magnetic resonance imaging, eye-tracking, and pupillary response with behavioral measures assessing affective and moral judgments across age. One hundred and twenty-six participants aged between 4 and 37 years viewed scenarios depicting intentional versus accidental actions that caused harm/damage to people and objects. Morally, salient scenarios evoked stronger empathic sadness in young participants and were associated with enhanced activity in the amygdala, insula, and temporal poles. While intentional harm was evaluated as equally wrong across all participants, ratings of deserved punishments and malevolent intent gradually became more differentiated with age. Furthermore, age-related increase in activity was detected in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in response to intentional harm to people, as well as increased functional connectivity between this region and the amygdala. Our study provides evidence that moral reasoning involves a complex integration between affective and cognitive processes that gradually changes with age and can be viewed in dynamic transaction across the course of ontogenesis. The findings support the view that negative emotion alerts the individual to the moral salience of a situation by bringing discomfort and thus can serve as an antecedent to moral judgment.Whether emotion is a source of moral judgments remains controversial. This study combined neurophysiological measures, including functional magnetic resonance imaging, eye-tracking, and pupillary response with behavioral measures assessing affective and moral judgments across age. One hundred and twenty-six participants aged between 4 and 37 years viewed scenarios depicting intentional versus accidental actions that caused harm/damage to people and objects. Morally, salient scenarios evoked stronger empathic sadness in young participants and were associated with enhanced activity in the amygdala, insula, and temporal poles. While intentional harm was evaluated as equally wrong across all participants, ratings of deserved punishments and malevolent intent gradually became more differentiated with age. Furthermore, age-related increase in activity was detected in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in response to intentional harm to people, as well as increased functional connectivity between this region and the amygdala. Our study provides evidence that moral reasoning involves a complex integration between affective and cognitive processes that gradually changes with age and can be viewed in dynamic transaction across the course of ontogenesis. The findings support the view that negative emotion alerts the individual to the moral salience of a situation by bringing discomfort and thus can serve as an antecedent to moral judgment.
Author	Michalska, Kalina J Decety, Jean Kinzler, Katherine D
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jean surname: Decety fullname: Decety, Jean email: decety@uchicago.edu organization: Department of Psychology and Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. decety@uchicago.edu – sequence: 2 givenname: Kalina J surname: Michalska fullname: Michalska, Kalina J – sequence: 3 givenname: Katherine D surname: Kinzler fullname: Kinzler, Katherine D
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21616985$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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PublicationTitle	Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991)
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Snippet	Whether emotion is a source of moral judgments remains controversial. This study combined neurophysiological measures, including functional magnetic resonance...
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SubjectTerms	Adolescent Adult Age Factors Analysis of Variance Attention - physiology Brain - anatomy & histology Brain - growth & development Brain Mapping Child Child, Preschool Cognition - physiology Emotions - physiology Empathy Female Fixation, Ocular - physiology Human Development Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Intention Interpersonal Relations Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Morale Neuropsychological Tests Oxygen Pain Measurement Photic Stimulation Psychometrics Psychophysics Young Adult
Title	The contribution of emotion and cognition to moral sensitivity: a neurodevelopmental study
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