Strength of Ventral Tegmental Area Connections With Left Caudate Nucleus Is Related to Conflict Monitoring

Successful learning requires the control of attention to monitor performance and compare actual versus expected outcomes. Neural activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) has been linked to attention control in animals. However, it is unknown whether the strength of VTA connections is related to...

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Published in:	Frontiers in psychology Vol. 10; p. 2869
Main Authors:	Mamiya, Ping C., Richards, Todd, Corrigan, Neva M., Kuhl, Patricia K.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 09.01.2020
Subjects:	attention control basal ganglia dopamine executive function midbrain Psychology attention control basal ganglia midbrain dopamine executive function
ISSN:	1664-1078, 1664-1078
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Abstract	Successful learning requires the control of attention to monitor performance and compare actual versus expected outcomes. Neural activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) has been linked to attention control in animals. However, it is unknown whether the strength of VTA connections is related to conflict monitoring in humans. To study the relationship between VTA connections and conflict monitoring, we acquired diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data on 50 second language learners who we have previously studied. We performed probabilistic tractography to document VTA connections with the dorsal striatum and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and administered the Flanker task in which subjects were required to monitor and report conflicts in visual stimuli. Reaction times (RTs) indexed students' conflict monitoring. Probabilistic tractography revealed distinct neural connections between the VTA and the dorsal striatum and ACC. Correlational analyses between tractography and flanker RTs revealed that the strength of VTA connections with the left caudate nucleus was negatively correlated with RTs recorded in the presence of conflicts. This provides the first evidence to suggest that VTA connections with the left caudate nucleus are related to conflict monitoring in humans.
AbstractList	Successful learning requires the control of attention to monitor performance and compare actual versus expected outcomes. Neural activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) has been linked to attention control in animals. However, it is unknown whether the strength of VTA connections is related to conflict monitoring in humans. To study the relationship between VTA connections and conflict monitoring, we acquired diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data on 50 second language learners who we have previously studied. We performed probabilistic tractography to document VTA connections with the dorsal striatum and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and administered the Flanker task in which subjects were required to monitor and report conflicts in visual stimuli. Reaction times (RTs) indexed students' conflict monitoring. Probabilistic tractography revealed distinct neural connections between the VTA and the dorsal striatum and ACC. Correlational analyses between tractography and flanker RTs revealed that the strength of VTA connections with the left caudate nucleus was negatively correlated with RTs recorded in the presence of conflicts. This provides the first evidence to suggest that VTA connections with the left caudate nucleus are related to conflict monitoring in humans.Successful learning requires the control of attention to monitor performance and compare actual versus expected outcomes. Neural activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) has been linked to attention control in animals. However, it is unknown whether the strength of VTA connections is related to conflict monitoring in humans. To study the relationship between VTA connections and conflict monitoring, we acquired diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data on 50 second language learners who we have previously studied. We performed probabilistic tractography to document VTA connections with the dorsal striatum and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and administered the Flanker task in which subjects were required to monitor and report conflicts in visual stimuli. Reaction times (RTs) indexed students' conflict monitoring. Probabilistic tractography revealed distinct neural connections between the VTA and the dorsal striatum and ACC. Correlational analyses between tractography and flanker RTs revealed that the strength of VTA connections with the left caudate nucleus was negatively correlated with RTs recorded in the presence of conflicts. This provides the first evidence to suggest that VTA connections with the left caudate nucleus are related to conflict monitoring in humans. Successful learning requires the control of attention to monitor performance and compare actual versus expected outcomes. Neural activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) has been linked to attention control in animals. However, it is unknown whether the strength of VTA connections is related to conflict monitoring in humans. To study the relationship between VTA connections and conflict monitoring, we acquired diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data on 50 second language learners who we have previously studied. We performed probabilistic tractography to document VTA connections with the dorsal striatum and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and administered the Flanker task in which subjects were required to monitor and report conflicts in visual stimuli. Reaction times (RTs) indexed students’ conflict monitoring. Probabilistic tractography revealed distinct neural connections between the VTA and the dorsal striatum and ACC. Correlational analyses between tractography and flanker RTs revealed that the strength of VTA connections with the left caudate nucleus was negatively correlated with RTs recorded in the presence of conflicts. This provides the first evidence to suggest that VTA connections with the left caudate nucleus are related to conflict monitoring in humans.
Author	Richards, Todd Kuhl, Patricia K. Corrigan, Neva M. Mamiya, Ping C.
AuthorAffiliation	2 Department of Radiology, University of Washington , Seattle, WA , United States 1 Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, WA , United States
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, WA , United States – name: 2 Department of Radiology, University of Washington , Seattle, WA , United States
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Ping C. surname: Mamiya fullname: Mamiya, Ping C. – sequence: 2 givenname: Todd surname: Richards fullname: Richards, Todd – sequence: 3 givenname: Neva M. surname: Corrigan fullname: Corrigan, Neva M. – sequence: 4 givenname: Patricia K. surname: Kuhl fullname: Kuhl, Patricia K.
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Copyright	Copyright © 2020 Mamiya, Richards, Corrigan and Kuhl. Copyright © 2020 Mamiya, Richards, Corrigan and Kuhl. 2020 Mamiya, Richards, Corrigan and Kuhl
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Keywords	attention control basal ganglia midbrain dopamine executive function
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Reviewed by: Xun Liu, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Ting-Ting Chang, National Chengchi University, Taiwan Edited by: Xiaolin Zhou, Peking University, China This article was submitted to Language Sciences, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology
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Snippet	Successful learning requires the control of attention to monitor performance and compare actual versus expected outcomes. Neural activity in the ventral...
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Title	Strength of Ventral Tegmental Area Connections With Left Caudate Nucleus Is Related to Conflict Monitoring
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