Acute and Persistent Cardiovascular Effects of Menthol E‐Cigarettes in Mice

Although e-cigarettes provide an alternative to conventional smoking, the cardiovascular impacts of e-cigarette use are unresolved. The popularity of menthol e-cigarettes has surged recently and may escalate further with bans on combustible menthol cigarettes and e-cigarette flavors other than menth...

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Vydané v:	Journal of the American Heart Association Ročník 14; číslo 9; s. e037420
Hlavní autori:	Ramalingam, Anand R., Kucera, Cory, Srivastava, Shweta, Paily, Romith, Stephens, Dawson, Lorkiewicz, Pawel, Wilkey, Daniel W., Merchant, Michael, Bhatnagar, Aruni, Carll, Alex P.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	England John Wiley and Sons Inc 06.05.2025 Wiley
Predmet:	Aerosols Animals arrhythmia Arrhythmias, Cardiac - chemically induced Arrhythmias, Cardiac - metabolism Arrhythmias, Cardiac - physiopathology atenolol blood pressure Blood Pressure - drug effects bradycardia Disease Models, Animal E-Cigarette Vapor Electrocardiography Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Epinephrine - urine flavor Flavoring Agents Heart Rate - drug effects Male Menthol - administration & dosage Menthol - adverse effects Menthol - toxicity Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Nicotine Original Research Time Factors Vaping - adverse effects flavor blood pressure bradycardia arrhythmia atenolol
ISSN:	2047-9980, 2047-9980
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Abstract	Although e-cigarettes provide an alternative to conventional smoking, the cardiovascular impacts of e-cigarette use are unresolved. The popularity of menthol e-cigarettes has surged recently and may escalate further with bans on combustible menthol cigarettes and e-cigarette flavors other than menthol and tobacco. Despite recent evidence in mice that menthol e-cigarettes acutely induce cardiac arrhythmias, the impacts of repeated menthol e-cigarette use on cardiovascular function and the cardiac proteome remain unclear. We therefore investigated the acute and persistent cardiovascular effects of menthol e-cigarettes in a mouse model. Adult C57BL/6J mice with ECG and blood pressure radiotransmitters were exposed to e-cigarette aerosols (180-270 puffs/day; n=4-8/group). One-day exposures to nicotine-containing e-cigarette aerosols depressed heart rate variability regardless of flavor, but menthol e-cigarette aerosols uniquely increased heart rate and urine epinephrine and elicited spontaneous ventricular premature beats. Menthol e-cigarette aerosols consistently increased blood pressure acutely, and this effect recurred throughout the 20-day regimen. Pretreatment with atenolol abolished e-cigarette-induced arrhythmias, suggesting the involvement of β1-adrenoceptors. After 4 weeks of exposure to JUUL Menthol aerosol, mice had basal sinus bradycardia that persisted up to 3 weeks after exposure cessation. After cessation, e-cigarette-exposed mice also exhibited an altered chronotropic response to restraint stress and prolonged ventricular repolarization (corrected QT interval). Integrated proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of cardiac tissue harvested from mice exposed to menthol e-cigarette aerosols for 5 and 20 days revealed molecular signatures of dilated and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Exposure to menthol e-cigarette aerosols induces persistent cardiovascular autonomic imbalance in vivo. These findings raise the possibility of similar effects in humans using mentholated e-cigarettes.
AbstractList	Background Although e‐cigarettes provide an alternative to conventional smoking, the cardiovascular impacts of e‐cigarette use are unresolved. The popularity of menthol e‐cigarettes has surged recently and may escalate further with bans on combustible menthol cigarettes and e‐cigarette flavors other than menthol and tobacco. Despite recent evidence in mice that menthol e‐cigarettes acutely induce cardiac arrhythmias, the impacts of repeated menthol e‐cigarette use on cardiovascular function and the cardiac proteome remain unclear. We therefore investigated the acute and persistent cardiovascular effects of menthol e‐cigarettes in a mouse model. Methods and Results Adult C57BL/6J mice with ECG and blood pressure radiotransmitters were exposed to e‐cigarette aerosols (180–270 puffs/day; n=4–8/group). One‐day exposures to nicotine‐containing e‐cigarette aerosols depressed heart rate variability regardless of flavor, but menthol e‐cigarette aerosols uniquely increased heart rate and urine epinephrine and elicited spontaneous ventricular premature beats. Menthol e‐cigarette aerosols consistently increased blood pressure acutely, and this effect recurred throughout the 20‐day regimen. Pretreatment with atenolol abolished e‐cigarette–induced arrhythmias, suggesting the involvement of β1‐adrenoceptors. After 4 weeks of exposure to JUUL Menthol aerosol, mice had basal sinus bradycardia that persisted up to 3 weeks after exposure cessation. After cessation, e‐cigarette–exposed mice also exhibited an altered chronotropic response to restraint stress and prolonged ventricular repolarization (corrected QT interval). Integrated proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of cardiac tissue harvested from mice exposed to menthol e‐cigarette aerosols for 5 and 20 days revealed molecular signatures of dilated and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Conclusions Exposure to menthol e‐cigarette aerosols induces persistent cardiovascular autonomic imbalance in vivo. These findings raise the possibility of similar effects in humans using mentholated e‐cigarettes. Although e-cigarettes provide an alternative to conventional smoking, the cardiovascular impacts of e-cigarette use are unresolved. The popularity of menthol e-cigarettes has surged recently and may escalate further with bans on combustible menthol cigarettes and e-cigarette flavors other than menthol and tobacco. Despite recent evidence in mice that menthol e-cigarettes acutely induce cardiac arrhythmias, the impacts of repeated menthol e-cigarette use on cardiovascular function and the cardiac proteome remain unclear. We therefore investigated the acute and persistent cardiovascular effects of menthol e-cigarettes in a mouse model.BACKGROUNDAlthough e-cigarettes provide an alternative to conventional smoking, the cardiovascular impacts of e-cigarette use are unresolved. The popularity of menthol e-cigarettes has surged recently and may escalate further with bans on combustible menthol cigarettes and e-cigarette flavors other than menthol and tobacco. Despite recent evidence in mice that menthol e-cigarettes acutely induce cardiac arrhythmias, the impacts of repeated menthol e-cigarette use on cardiovascular function and the cardiac proteome remain unclear. We therefore investigated the acute and persistent cardiovascular effects of menthol e-cigarettes in a mouse model.Adult C57BL/6J mice with ECG and blood pressure radiotransmitters were exposed to e-cigarette aerosols (180-270 puffs/day; n=4-8/group). One-day exposures to nicotine-containing e-cigarette aerosols depressed heart rate variability regardless of flavor, but menthol e-cigarette aerosols uniquely increased heart rate and urine epinephrine and elicited spontaneous ventricular premature beats. Menthol e-cigarette aerosols consistently increased blood pressure acutely, and this effect recurred throughout the 20-day regimen. Pretreatment with atenolol abolished e-cigarette-induced arrhythmias, suggesting the involvement of β1-adrenoceptors. After 4 weeks of exposure to JUUL Menthol aerosol, mice had basal sinus bradycardia that persisted up to 3 weeks after exposure cessation. After cessation, e-cigarette-exposed mice also exhibited an altered chronotropic response to restraint stress and prolonged ventricular repolarization (corrected QT interval). Integrated proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of cardiac tissue harvested from mice exposed to menthol e-cigarette aerosols for 5 and 20 days revealed molecular signatures of dilated and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.METHODS AND RESULTSAdult C57BL/6J mice with ECG and blood pressure radiotransmitters were exposed to e-cigarette aerosols (180-270 puffs/day; n=4-8/group). One-day exposures to nicotine-containing e-cigarette aerosols depressed heart rate variability regardless of flavor, but menthol e-cigarette aerosols uniquely increased heart rate and urine epinephrine and elicited spontaneous ventricular premature beats. Menthol e-cigarette aerosols consistently increased blood pressure acutely, and this effect recurred throughout the 20-day regimen. Pretreatment with atenolol abolished e-cigarette-induced arrhythmias, suggesting the involvement of β1-adrenoceptors. After 4 weeks of exposure to JUUL Menthol aerosol, mice had basal sinus bradycardia that persisted up to 3 weeks after exposure cessation. After cessation, e-cigarette-exposed mice also exhibited an altered chronotropic response to restraint stress and prolonged ventricular repolarization (corrected QT interval). Integrated proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of cardiac tissue harvested from mice exposed to menthol e-cigarette aerosols for 5 and 20 days revealed molecular signatures of dilated and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.Exposure to menthol e-cigarette aerosols induces persistent cardiovascular autonomic imbalance in vivo. These findings raise the possibility of similar effects in humans using mentholated e-cigarettes.CONCLUSIONSExposure to menthol e-cigarette aerosols induces persistent cardiovascular autonomic imbalance in vivo. These findings raise the possibility of similar effects in humans using mentholated e-cigarettes. Although e-cigarettes provide an alternative to conventional smoking, the cardiovascular impacts of e-cigarette use are unresolved. The popularity of menthol e-cigarettes has surged recently and may escalate further with bans on combustible menthol cigarettes and e-cigarette flavors other than menthol and tobacco. Despite recent evidence in mice that menthol e-cigarettes acutely induce cardiac arrhythmias, the impacts of repeated menthol e-cigarette use on cardiovascular function and the cardiac proteome remain unclear. We therefore investigated the acute and persistent cardiovascular effects of menthol e-cigarettes in a mouse model. Adult C57BL/6J mice with ECG and blood pressure radiotransmitters were exposed to e-cigarette aerosols (180-270 puffs/day; n=4-8/group). One-day exposures to nicotine-containing e-cigarette aerosols depressed heart rate variability regardless of flavor, but menthol e-cigarette aerosols uniquely increased heart rate and urine epinephrine and elicited spontaneous ventricular premature beats. Menthol e-cigarette aerosols consistently increased blood pressure acutely, and this effect recurred throughout the 20-day regimen. Pretreatment with atenolol abolished e-cigarette-induced arrhythmias, suggesting the involvement of β1-adrenoceptors. After 4 weeks of exposure to JUUL Menthol aerosol, mice had basal sinus bradycardia that persisted up to 3 weeks after exposure cessation. After cessation, e-cigarette-exposed mice also exhibited an altered chronotropic response to restraint stress and prolonged ventricular repolarization (corrected QT interval). Integrated proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of cardiac tissue harvested from mice exposed to menthol e-cigarette aerosols for 5 and 20 days revealed molecular signatures of dilated and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Exposure to menthol e-cigarette aerosols induces persistent cardiovascular autonomic imbalance in vivo. These findings raise the possibility of similar effects in humans using mentholated e-cigarettes.
Author	Kucera, Cory Srivastava, Shweta Merchant, Michael Bhatnagar, Aruni Lorkiewicz, Pawel Stephens, Dawson Carll, Alex P. Paily, Romith Wilkey, Daniel W. Ramalingam, Anand R.
AuthorAffiliation	5 Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, School of Medicine University of Louisville KY USA 1 Center for Cardiometabolic Science, School of Medicine University of Louisville KY USA 4 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine University of Louisville KY USA 3 Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine University of Louisville KY USA 2 American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center Dallas TX USA 6 Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, School of Medicine University of Louisville KY USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 5 Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, School of Medicine University of Louisville KY USA – name: 4 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine University of Louisville KY USA – name: 2 American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center Dallas TX USA – name: 3 Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine University of Louisville KY USA – name: 1 Center for Cardiometabolic Science, School of Medicine University of Louisville KY USA – name: 6 Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, School of Medicine University of Louisville KY USA
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Snippet	Although e-cigarettes provide an alternative to conventional smoking, the cardiovascular impacts of e-cigarette use are unresolved. The popularity of menthol... Background Although e‐cigarettes provide an alternative to conventional smoking, the cardiovascular impacts of e‐cigarette use are unresolved. The popularity...
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SubjectTerms	Aerosols Animals arrhythmia Arrhythmias, Cardiac - chemically induced Arrhythmias, Cardiac - metabolism Arrhythmias, Cardiac - physiopathology atenolol blood pressure Blood Pressure - drug effects bradycardia Disease Models, Animal E-Cigarette Vapor Electrocardiography Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Epinephrine - urine flavor Flavoring Agents Heart Rate - drug effects Male Menthol - administration & dosage Menthol - adverse effects Menthol - toxicity Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Nicotine Original Research Time Factors Vaping - adverse effects
Title	Acute and Persistent Cardiovascular Effects of Menthol E‐Cigarettes in Mice
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