A protocol for estimating health burden posed by early life exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and its heavy metal composition: a mother–child birth (ELitE) cohort from Central India
Pregnant women and children are vulnerable to air pollution-related adverse health effects, especially those residing in low-resource and high-exposure settings like India. However, evidence regarding the effects of early-life exposure to air particulate matter (PM) on childhood growth/developmental...
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| Published in: | Frontiers in public health Vol. 13; p. 1485417 |
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2025
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| Abstract | Pregnant women and children are vulnerable to air pollution-related adverse health effects, especially those residing in low-resource and high-exposure settings like India. However, evidence regarding the effects of early-life exposure to air particulate matter (PM) on childhood growth/developmental trajectory is contradictory; evidence about specific constituents of PM, like heavy metals, is limited. Similarly, there are few Indian cohorts investigating PM exposure and the incidence of acute respiratory infection during infancy. This study protocol aims to fill these critical gaps in knowledge.
We aim to establish a mother-child birth cohort through the enrolment of 1,566 pregnant women residing in two urban areas of central India. Antenatally, we will collect socioeconomic, demographic, and clinical information and details of confounding variables from these pregnant women, who will then be followed up until childbirth to assess their exposure to air PM. Biomonitoring will also be conducted to evaluate heavy metal exposure. At birth, pregnancy outcomes will be noted, followed by postnatal follow-up of live-born children until the first year of life to assess their achievement of growth/development milestones and exposure to pollutants. We will also estimate the incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) during infancy.
This manuscript describes the protocol for an Indian mother-child air pollution birth cohort study that aims to generate comprehensive evidence regarding the adverse effects of early-life (i.e., both pre- and post-natal) exposure to air PM and its constituent heavy metals among Indian children. This study will provide an epidemiological basis for further understanding in this context. Finally, by reporting our carefully planned study methods/outcome measures, which are comparable to those of published and ongoing birth cohorts, we aim to serve as the starting point for similar cohorts in the future, which, when considered together, would generate enough evidence to facilitate context-specific policy-making and development of appropriate prevention and mitigation strategies. |
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| AbstractList | BackgroundPregnant women and children are vulnerable to air pollution-related adverse health effects, especially those residing in low-resource and high-exposure settings like India. However, evidence regarding the effects of early-life exposure to air particulate matter (PM) on childhood growth/developmental trajectory is contradictory; evidence about specific constituents of PM, like heavy metals, is limited. Similarly, there are few Indian cohorts investigating PM exposure and the incidence of acute respiratory infection during infancy. This study protocol aims to fill these critical gaps in knowledge.MethodsWe aim to establish a mother–child birth cohort through the enrolment of 1,566 pregnant women residing in two urban areas of central India. Antenatally, we will collect socioeconomic, demographic, and clinical information and details of confounding variables from these pregnant women, who will then be followed up until childbirth to assess their exposure to air PM. Biomonitoring will also be conducted to evaluate heavy metal exposure. At birth, pregnancy outcomes will be noted, followed by postnatal follow-up of live-born children until the first year of life to assess their achievement of growth/development milestones and exposure to pollutants. We will also estimate the incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) during infancy.DiscussionThis manuscript describes the protocol for an Indian mother–child air pollution birth cohort study that aims to generate comprehensive evidence regarding the adverse effects of early-life (i.e., both pre- and post-natal) exposure to air PM and its constituent heavy metals among Indian children. This study will provide an epidemiological basis for further understanding in this context. Finally, by reporting our carefully planned study methods/outcome measures, which are comparable to those of published and ongoing birth cohorts, we aim to serve as the starting point for similar cohorts in the future, which, when considered together, would generate enough evidence to facilitate context-specific policy-making and development of appropriate prevention and mitigation strategies. Pregnant women and children are vulnerable to air pollution-related adverse health effects, especially those residing in low-resource and high-exposure settings like India. However, evidence regarding the effects of early-life exposure to air particulate matter (PM) on childhood growth/developmental trajectory is contradictory; evidence about specific constituents of PM, like heavy metals, is limited. Similarly, there are few Indian cohorts investigating PM exposure and the incidence of acute respiratory infection during infancy. This study protocol aims to fill these critical gaps in knowledge. We aim to establish a mother-child birth cohort through the enrolment of 1,566 pregnant women residing in two urban areas of central India. Antenatally, we will collect socioeconomic, demographic, and clinical information and details of confounding variables from these pregnant women, who will then be followed up until childbirth to assess their exposure to air PM. Biomonitoring will also be conducted to evaluate heavy metal exposure. At birth, pregnancy outcomes will be noted, followed by postnatal follow-up of live-born children until the first year of life to assess their achievement of growth/development milestones and exposure to pollutants. We will also estimate the incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) during infancy. This manuscript describes the protocol for an Indian mother-child air pollution birth cohort study that aims to generate comprehensive evidence regarding the adverse effects of early-life (i.e., both pre- and post-natal) exposure to air PM and its constituent heavy metals among Indian children. This study will provide an epidemiological basis for further understanding in this context. Finally, by reporting our carefully planned study methods/outcome measures, which are comparable to those of published and ongoing birth cohorts, we aim to serve as the starting point for similar cohorts in the future, which, when considered together, would generate enough evidence to facilitate context-specific policy-making and development of appropriate prevention and mitigation strategies. Pregnant women and children are vulnerable to air pollution-related adverse health effects, especially those residing in low-resource and high-exposure settings like India. However, evidence regarding the effects of early-life exposure to air particulate matter (PM) on childhood growth/developmental trajectory is contradictory; evidence about specific constituents of PM, like heavy metals, is limited. Similarly, there are few Indian cohorts investigating PM exposure and the incidence of acute respiratory infection during infancy. This study protocol aims to fill these critical gaps in knowledge.BackgroundPregnant women and children are vulnerable to air pollution-related adverse health effects, especially those residing in low-resource and high-exposure settings like India. However, evidence regarding the effects of early-life exposure to air particulate matter (PM) on childhood growth/developmental trajectory is contradictory; evidence about specific constituents of PM, like heavy metals, is limited. Similarly, there are few Indian cohorts investigating PM exposure and the incidence of acute respiratory infection during infancy. This study protocol aims to fill these critical gaps in knowledge.We aim to establish a mother-child birth cohort through the enrolment of 1,566 pregnant women residing in two urban areas of central India. Antenatally, we will collect socioeconomic, demographic, and clinical information and details of confounding variables from these pregnant women, who will then be followed up until childbirth to assess their exposure to air PM. Biomonitoring will also be conducted to evaluate heavy metal exposure. At birth, pregnancy outcomes will be noted, followed by postnatal follow-up of live-born children until the first year of life to assess their achievement of growth/development milestones and exposure to pollutants. We will also estimate the incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) during infancy.MethodsWe aim to establish a mother-child birth cohort through the enrolment of 1,566 pregnant women residing in two urban areas of central India. Antenatally, we will collect socioeconomic, demographic, and clinical information and details of confounding variables from these pregnant women, who will then be followed up until childbirth to assess their exposure to air PM. Biomonitoring will also be conducted to evaluate heavy metal exposure. At birth, pregnancy outcomes will be noted, followed by postnatal follow-up of live-born children until the first year of life to assess their achievement of growth/development milestones and exposure to pollutants. We will also estimate the incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) during infancy.This manuscript describes the protocol for an Indian mother-child air pollution birth cohort study that aims to generate comprehensive evidence regarding the adverse effects of early-life (i.e., both pre- and post-natal) exposure to air PM and its constituent heavy metals among Indian children. This study will provide an epidemiological basis for further understanding in this context. Finally, by reporting our carefully planned study methods/outcome measures, which are comparable to those of published and ongoing birth cohorts, we aim to serve as the starting point for similar cohorts in the future, which, when considered together, would generate enough evidence to facilitate context-specific policy-making and development of appropriate prevention and mitigation strategies.DiscussionThis manuscript describes the protocol for an Indian mother-child air pollution birth cohort study that aims to generate comprehensive evidence regarding the adverse effects of early-life (i.e., both pre- and post-natal) exposure to air PM and its constituent heavy metals among Indian children. This study will provide an epidemiological basis for further understanding in this context. Finally, by reporting our carefully planned study methods/outcome measures, which are comparable to those of published and ongoing birth cohorts, we aim to serve as the starting point for similar cohorts in the future, which, when considered together, would generate enough evidence to facilitate context-specific policy-making and development of appropriate prevention and mitigation strategies. |
| Author | Mandal, Uday Kumar Rana, Sindhuprava Dey, Sagnik Trushna, Tanwi Yadav, Vikas Diwan, Vishal Tiwari, Rajnarayan R. Sabde, Yogesh Damodar Ahirwar, Rajesh Surve, Suchitra Vishwambhar Raj, Dharma |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Faculty of Medical Sciences, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Ghaziabad , India 6 Department of Child Health Research, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health , Mumbai , India 7 Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-Delhi) , Delhi , India 5 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health , Bhopal , India 1 Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health , Bhopal , India 8 Centre of Excellence for Research on Clean Air, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-Delhi) , Delhi , India 4 Department of Environmental Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health , Bhopal , India 3 Department of Environmental Monitoring and Exposure Assessment (Water and Soil), National Institute for Research in Environmental Health , Bhopal , India |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 7 Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-Delhi) , Delhi , India – name: 5 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health , Bhopal , India – name: 3 Department of Environmental Monitoring and Exposure Assessment (Water and Soil), National Institute for Research in Environmental Health , Bhopal , India – name: 4 Department of Environmental Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health , Bhopal , India – name: 8 Centre of Excellence for Research on Clean Air, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-Delhi) , Delhi , India – name: 2 Faculty of Medical Sciences, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Ghaziabad , India – name: 1 Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health , Bhopal , India – name: 6 Department of Child Health Research, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health , Mumbai , India |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Tanwi surname: Trushna fullname: Trushna, Tanwi – sequence: 2 givenname: Vikas surname: Yadav fullname: Yadav, Vikas – sequence: 3 givenname: Uday Kumar surname: Mandal fullname: Mandal, Uday Kumar – sequence: 4 givenname: Vishal surname: Diwan fullname: Diwan, Vishal – sequence: 5 givenname: Rajnarayan R. surname: Tiwari fullname: Tiwari, Rajnarayan R. – sequence: 6 givenname: Rajesh surname: Ahirwar fullname: Ahirwar, Rajesh – sequence: 7 givenname: Dharma surname: Raj fullname: Raj, Dharma – sequence: 8 givenname: Sindhuprava surname: Rana fullname: Rana, Sindhuprava – sequence: 9 givenname: Suchitra Vishwambhar surname: Surve fullname: Surve, Suchitra Vishwambhar – sequence: 10 givenname: Sagnik surname: Dey fullname: Dey, Sagnik – sequence: 11 givenname: Yogesh Damodar surname: Sabde fullname: Sabde, Yogesh Damodar |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40463725$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2025 Trushna, Yadav, Mandal, Diwan, Tiwari, Ahirwar, Raj, Rana, Surve, Dey and Sabde. Copyright © 2025 Trushna, Yadav, Mandal, Diwan, Tiwari, Ahirwar, Raj, Rana, Surve, Dey and Sabde. 2025 Trushna, Yadav, Mandal, Diwan, Tiwari, Ahirwar, Raj, Rana, Surve, Dey and Sabde |
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| Keywords | particulate matter birth cohort heavy metals child development air pollution growth acute respiratory infection India |
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| SubjectTerms | acute respiratory infection Air Pollutants - adverse effects Air Pollutants - analysis air pollution Air Pollution - adverse effects Air Pollution - analysis Birth Cohort child development Cohort Studies Cost of Illness Environmental Monitoring - methods Environmental Monitoring - statistics & numerical data Epidemiologic Research Design Female growth heavy metals Humans India - epidemiology Infant Infant, Newborn Male Maternal Exposure - adverse effects Maternal Exposure - statistics & numerical data Metals, Heavy - adverse effects Particulate Matter - adverse effects Particulate Matter - analysis Pregnancy Pregnancy Outcome - epidemiology Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - epidemiology Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - etiology Public Health Respiratory Tract Infections - epidemiology Respiratory Tract Infections - etiology |
| Title | A protocol for estimating health burden posed by early life exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and its heavy metal composition: a mother–child birth (ELitE) cohort from Central India |
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