Application of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) for water disinfection: A review

Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection is an effective technology for the inactivation of pathogens in water and is of growing interest for industrial application. A new UV source — ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) — has emerged in the past decade with a number of advantages compared to traditional...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Water research (Oxford) Vol. 94; pp. 341 - 349
Main Authors:	Song, Kai, Mohseni, Madjid, Taghipour, Fariborz
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2016
Subjects:	Bacteria - radiation effects Bacteriophages - radiation effects disinfection Disinfection - methods Inactivation effectiveness industrial applications lamps microorganisms pathogens standard operating procedures Ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) Ultraviolet Rays UV disinfection Water - chemistry Water Microbiology Water Purification - methods Water treatment wavelengths Inactivation effectiveness Ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) Water treatment UV disinfection
ISSN:	0043-1354, 1879-2448
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection is an effective technology for the inactivation of pathogens in water and is of growing interest for industrial application. A new UV source — ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) — has emerged in the past decade with a number of advantages compared to traditional UV mercury lamps. This promising alternative raises great interest in the research on application of UV-LEDs for water treatment. Studies on UV-LED water disinfection have increased during the past few years. This article presents a comprehensive review of recent studies on UV-LEDs with various wavelengths for the inactivation of different microorganisms. Many inconsistent and incomparable data were found from published studies, which underscores the importance of establishing a standard protocol for studying UV-LED inactivation of microorganisms. Different UV sensitivities to UV-LEDs and traditional UV lamps were observed in the literature for some microorganisms, which requires further investigation for a better understanding of microorganism response to UV-LEDs. The unique aspects of UV-LEDs improve inactivation effectiveness by applying LED special features, such as multiple wavelengths and pulsed illumination; however, more studies are needed to investigate the influencing factors and mechanisms. The special features of UV-LEDs offer the flexibility of novel reactor designs for a broad application of UV-LED reactors. [Display omitted] •The recent studies on newly emerging UV-LEDs for water disinfection are reviewed.•The inactivation effectiveness of different UV-LED wavelengths is illustrated.•The effects of UV-LED multiple wavelengths and pulsed illuminations are presented.•Mechanisms of microorganism inactivation by UV-LEDs are discussed.•Future research directions for UV-LED water disinfection are proposed.
AbstractList	Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection is an effective technology for the inactivation of pathogens in water and is of growing interest for industrial application. A new UV source - ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) - has emerged in the past decade with a number of advantages compared to traditional UV mercury lamps. This promising alternative raises great interest in the research on application of UV-LEDs for water treatment. Studies on UV-LED water disinfection have increased during the past few years. This article presents a comprehensive review of recent studies on UV-LEDs with various wavelengths for the inactivation of different microorganisms. Many inconsistent and incomparable data were found from published studies, which underscores the importance of establishing a standard protocol for studying UV-LED inactivation of microorganisms. Different UV sensitivities to UV-LEDs and traditional UV lamps were observed in the literature for some microorganisms, which requires further investigation for a better understanding of microorganism response to UV-LEDs. The unique aspects of UV-LEDs improve inactivation effectiveness by applying LED special features, such as multiple wavelengths and pulsed illumination; however, more studies are needed to investigate the influencing factors and mechanisms. The special features of UV-LEDs offer the flexibility of novel reactor designs for a broad application of UV-LED reactors. Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection is an effective technology for the inactivation of pathogens in water and is of growing interest for industrial application. A new UV source — ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) — has emerged in the past decade with a number of advantages compared to traditional UV mercury lamps. This promising alternative raises great interest in the research on application of UV-LEDs for water treatment. Studies on UV-LED water disinfection have increased during the past few years. This article presents a comprehensive review of recent studies on UV-LEDs with various wavelengths for the inactivation of different microorganisms. Many inconsistent and incomparable data were found from published studies, which underscores the importance of establishing a standard protocol for studying UV-LED inactivation of microorganisms. Different UV sensitivities to UV-LEDs and traditional UV lamps were observed in the literature for some microorganisms, which requires further investigation for a better understanding of microorganism response to UV-LEDs. The unique aspects of UV-LEDs improve inactivation effectiveness by applying LED special features, such as multiple wavelengths and pulsed illumination; however, more studies are needed to investigate the influencing factors and mechanisms. The special features of UV-LEDs offer the flexibility of novel reactor designs for a broad application of UV-LED reactors. [Display omitted] •The recent studies on newly emerging UV-LEDs for water disinfection are reviewed.•The inactivation effectiveness of different UV-LED wavelengths is illustrated.•The effects of UV-LED multiple wavelengths and pulsed illuminations are presented.•Mechanisms of microorganism inactivation by UV-LEDs are discussed.•Future research directions for UV-LED water disinfection are proposed.
Author	Taghipour, Fariborz Song, Kai Mohseni, Madjid
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Kai surname: Song fullname: Song, Kai – sequence: 2 givenname: Madjid surname: Mohseni fullname: Mohseni, Madjid – sequence: 3 givenname: Fariborz surname: Taghipour fullname: Taghipour, Fariborz email: fariborz.taghipour@ubc.ca
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26971809$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection is an effective technology for the inactivation of pathogens in water and is of growing interest for industrial application. A...
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SubjectTerms	Bacteria - radiation effects Bacteriophages - radiation effects disinfection Disinfection - methods Inactivation effectiveness industrial applications lamps microorganisms pathogens standard operating procedures Ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) Ultraviolet Rays UV disinfection Water - chemistry Water Microbiology Water Purification - methods Water treatment wavelengths
Title	Application of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) for water disinfection: A review
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