Connecting the dots: approaching a standardized nomenclature for molecular connectivity in positron emission tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET)-based connectivity analysis provides a molecular perspective that complements fMRI-derived functional connectivity. However, lack of standardized terminology and diverse methodologies in PET connectivity studies has resulted in inconsistencies, complicating the int...

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Vydané v:	European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging Ročník 53; číslo 1; s. 48 - 58
Hlavní autori:	Reed, Murray B., Cocchi, Luca, Sander, Christin Y., Chen, Jingyuan, Matheson, Granville J., Fisher, Patrick, Volpi, Tommaso, Khattar, Nikkita, DeLorenzo, Christine, Gryglewski, Gregor, Silberbauer, Leo R., Murgaš, Matej, Godbersen, Godber M., Nics, Lukas, Walter, Martin, Hacker, Marcus, Bertoldo, Alessandra, Lubberink, Mark, Silfstein, Mark, Ogden, R. Todd, Mann, J. John, Suhara, Tetsuya, Varrone, Andrea, Boellaard, Ronald, Gunn, Roger N., Hammers, Alexander, Biswal, Bharat, Rosen, Bruce, Knudsen, Gitte M., Carson, Richard, Price, Julie, Lanzenberger, Rupert, Hahn, Andreas
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.12.2025 Springer Nature B.V
Predmet:	Amyloid Brain Brain - diagnostic imaging Brain - metabolism Brain research Cardiology Connectivity analysis Covariance matrix Electroencephalography Fluorine isotopes Functional magnetic resonance imaging Humans Imaging Magnetic resonance imaging Medical imaging Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolism Neural networks Neuroimaging Nomenclature Nomenclatures Nuclear Medicine Oncology Orthopedics Positron emission Positron emission tomography Positron-Emission Tomography - methods Positron-Emission Tomography - standards Radioactive tracers Radiology Review Article Standardization Tau protein Terminology Terminology as Topic Tomography Molecular covariance Terminology Metabolic connectivity Functional PET (fPET) Consensus
ISSN:	1619-7070, 1619-7089, 1619-7089
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Positron emission tomography (PET)-based connectivity analysis provides a molecular perspective that complements fMRI-derived functional connectivity. However, lack of standardized terminology and diverse methodologies in PET connectivity studies has resulted in inconsistencies, complicating the interpretation and comparison of results across studies. A standardized nomenclature is thus needed to reduce ambiguity, enhance reproducibility, and facilitate interpretability across radiotracers, imaging modalities and studies. Here, we define and differentiate the terms “molecular connectivity” and “molecular covariance”. Drawing parallels from other imaging modalities, we propose “molecular connectivity” as an umbrella term to characterize statistical dependencies between the measured PET signal across brain regions at a within-subject level. Like fMRI resting-state functional connectivity, “molecular connectivity” leverages spatio-temporal associations in the PET signal to derive brain network associations. Conversely, “molecular covariance” denotes group-level computations of covariance matrices between-subjects . Further specification of the terminology can be achieved by including the target of the employed radioligand, such as “metabolic connectivity/covariance” for [ 18 F]FDG or “amyloid covariance” for [ 18 F]flutemetamol and “tau covariance” for [ 18 F]flortaucipir. While this approach to standardization aims to clarify terminology, open questions remain about the neurobiological underpinnings of these connectivity metrics. Future research should focus on elucidating these mechanisms and developing advanced computational methodologies that evaluate diverse feature relationships and improve the robustness of PET-based connectivity metrics.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1619-7070 1619-7089 1619-7089
DOI:	10.1007/s00259-025-07357-1