The quality of life questionnaire EQ-5D-5L: psychometric properties and normative values for the general German population
Purpose The health state classifier EQ-5D of the Euro-QoL group has been expanded to a 5-level instrument (EQ-5D-5L), but studies on psychometric properties of this new instrument, applied to the general population, are rare. Methods A sample of 2,469 subjects, representatively selected from the Ger...
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| Vydané v: | Quality of life research Ročník 23; číslo 2; s. 443 - 447 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autori: | , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Vydavateľské údaje: |
Cham
Springer
01.03.2014
Springer International Publishing Springer Nature B.V |
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| ISSN: | 0962-9343, 1573-2649, 1573-2649 |
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| Abstract | Purpose The health state classifier EQ-5D of the Euro-QoL group has been expanded to a 5-level instrument (EQ-5D-5L), but studies on psychometric properties of this new instrument, applied to the general population, are rare. Methods A sample of 2,469 subjects, representatively selected from the German general population, was asked to fill in the EQ-5D-5L and several other questionnaires. Crude sum scores of the EQ-5D-5L were calculated and compared with scores derived from two sets of utilities, one from a German and one from a UK sample. Results The mean sum score (0–100 scale) was 91.5. Males reported better health states than females, and there was a nearly linear age trend. The list of the 45 most frequent health patterns (those with at least 0.2 % of the respondents) showed that almost half of the participants (47.5 %) responded being in the optimal health state, indicating a ceiling effect. Correlations between EQ-5D-5L scores and other questionnaires were very similar for all three scoring systems of the EQ-5D-5L. Finally, normative scores are given on the basis of sum scores. Conclusions The applicability of the EQ-5D-5L in the general population is limited because of the skewness. Sum scores are useful because of their simplicity, international generalizability, and construct validity. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Purpose
The health state classifier EQ-5D of the EuroQoL group has been expanded to a 5-level instrument (EQ-5D-5L), but studies on psychometric properties of this new instrument, applied to the general population, are rare.
Methods
A sample of 2,469 subjects, representatively selected from the German general population, was asked to fill in the EQ-5D-5L and several other questionnaires. Crude sum scores of the EQ-5D-5L were calculated and compared with scores derived from two sets of utilities, one from a German and one from a UK sample.
Results
The mean sum score (0–100 scale) was 91.5. Males reported better health states than females, and there was a nearly linear age trend. The list of the 45 most frequent health patterns (those with at least 0.2 % of the respondents) showed that almost half of the participants (47.5 %) responded being in the optimal health state, indicating a ceiling effect. Correlations between EQ-5D-5L scores and other questionnaires were very similar for all three scoring systems of the EQ-5D-5L. Finally, normative scores are given on the basis of sum scores.
Conclusions
The applicability of the EQ-5D-5L in the general population is limited because of the skewness. Sum scores are useful because of their simplicity, international generalizability, and construct validity. Purpose The health state classifier EQ-5D of the Euro-QoL group has been expanded to a 5-level instrument (EQ-5D-5L), but studies on psychometric properties of this new instrument, applied to the general population, are rare. Methods A sample of 2,469 subjects, representatively selected from the German general population, was asked to fill in the EQ-5D-5L and several other questionnaires. Crude sum scores of the EQ-5D-5L were calculated and compared with scores derived from two sets of utilities, one from a German and one from a UK sample. Results The mean sum score (0–100 scale) was 91.5. Males reported better health states than females, and there was a nearly linear age trend. The list of the 45 most frequent health patterns (those with at least 0.2 % of the respondents) showed that almost half of the participants (47.5 %) responded being in the optimal health state, indicating a ceiling effect. Correlations between EQ-5D-5L scores and other questionnaires were very similar for all three scoring systems of the EQ-5D-5L. Finally, normative scores are given on the basis of sum scores. Conclusions The applicability of the EQ-5D-5L in the general population is limited because of the skewness. Sum scores are useful because of their simplicity, international generalizability, and construct validity. The health state classifier EQ-5D of the EuroQoL group has been expanded to a 5-level instrument (EQ-5D-5L), but studies on psychometric properties of this new instrument, applied to the general population, are rare. A sample of 2,469 subjects, representatively selected from the German general population, was asked to fill in the EQ-5D-5L and several other questionnaires. Crude sum scores of the EQ-5D-5L were calculated and compared with scores derived from two sets of utilities, one from a German and one from a UK sample. The mean sum score (0-100 scale) was 91.5. Males reported better health states than females, and there was a nearly linear age trend. The list of the 45 most frequent health patterns (those with at least 0.2 % of the respondents) showed that almost half of the participants (47.5 %) responded being in the optimal health state, indicating a ceiling effect. Correlations between EQ-5D-5L scores and other questionnaires were very similar for all three scoring systems of the EQ-5D-5L. Finally, normative scores are given on the basis of sum scores. The applicability of the EQ-5D-5L in the general population is limited because of the skewness. Sum scores are useful because of their simplicity, international generalizability, and construct validity. The health state classifier EQ-5D of the EuroQoL group has been expanded to a 5-level instrument (EQ-5D-5L), but studies on psychometric properties of this new instrument, applied to the general population, are rare.PURPOSEThe health state classifier EQ-5D of the EuroQoL group has been expanded to a 5-level instrument (EQ-5D-5L), but studies on psychometric properties of this new instrument, applied to the general population, are rare.A sample of 2,469 subjects, representatively selected from the German general population, was asked to fill in the EQ-5D-5L and several other questionnaires. Crude sum scores of the EQ-5D-5L were calculated and compared with scores derived from two sets of utilities, one from a German and one from a UK sample.METHODSA sample of 2,469 subjects, representatively selected from the German general population, was asked to fill in the EQ-5D-5L and several other questionnaires. Crude sum scores of the EQ-5D-5L were calculated and compared with scores derived from two sets of utilities, one from a German and one from a UK sample.The mean sum score (0-100 scale) was 91.5. Males reported better health states than females, and there was a nearly linear age trend. The list of the 45 most frequent health patterns (those with at least 0.2 % of the respondents) showed that almost half of the participants (47.5 %) responded being in the optimal health state, indicating a ceiling effect. Correlations between EQ-5D-5L scores and other questionnaires were very similar for all three scoring systems of the EQ-5D-5L. Finally, normative scores are given on the basis of sum scores.RESULTSThe mean sum score (0-100 scale) was 91.5. Males reported better health states than females, and there was a nearly linear age trend. The list of the 45 most frequent health patterns (those with at least 0.2 % of the respondents) showed that almost half of the participants (47.5 %) responded being in the optimal health state, indicating a ceiling effect. Correlations between EQ-5D-5L scores and other questionnaires were very similar for all three scoring systems of the EQ-5D-5L. Finally, normative scores are given on the basis of sum scores.The applicability of the EQ-5D-5L in the general population is limited because of the skewness. Sum scores are useful because of their simplicity, international generalizability, and construct validity.CONCLUSIONSThe applicability of the EQ-5D-5L in the general population is limited because of the skewness. Sum scores are useful because of their simplicity, international generalizability, and construct validity. The health state classifier EQ-5D of the EuroQoL group has been expanded to a 5-level instrument (EQ-5D-5L), but studies on psychometric properties of this new instrument, applied to the general population, are rare. A sample of 2,469 subjects, representatively selected from the German general population, was asked to fill in the EQ-5D-5L and several other questionnaires. Crude sum scores of the EQ-5D-5L were calculated and compared with scores derived from two sets of utilities, one from a German and one from a UK sample. The mean sum score (0-100 scale) was 91.5. Males reported better health states than females, and there was a nearly linear age trend. The list of the 45 most frequent health patterns (those with at least 0.2 % of the respondents) showed that almost half of the participants (47.5 %) responded being in the optimal health state, indicating a ceiling effect. Correlations between EQ-5D-5L scores and other questionnaires were very similar for all three scoring systems of the EQ-5D-5L. Finally, normative scores are given on the basis of sum scores. The applicability of the EQ-5D-5L in the general population is limited because of the skewness. Sum scores are useful because of their simplicity, international generalizability, and construct validity.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
| Author | Brähler, Elmar Zenger, Markus Kohlmann, Thomas Stöbel-Richter, Yve Hinz, Andreas |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Andreas surname: Hinz fullname: Hinz, Andreas – sequence: 2 givenname: Thomas surname: Kohlmann fullname: Kohlmann, Thomas – sequence: 3 givenname: Yve surname: Stöbel-Richter fullname: Stöbel-Richter, Yve – sequence: 4 givenname: Markus surname: Zenger fullname: Zenger, Markus – sequence: 5 givenname: Elmar surname: Brähler fullname: Brähler, Elmar |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23921597$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 |
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| DOI | 10.1007/s11136-013-0498-2 |
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| Keywords | Normative values EQ-5D Reference values Quality of life |
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| PublicationSubtitle | An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation - Official Journal of the International Society of Quality of Life Research |
| PublicationTitle | Quality of life research |
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| References | Morfeld, Bullinger, Nantke, Brahler (CR20) 2005; 50 Johnson, Pickard (CR5) 2000; 38 Derogar, van der Schaaf, Lagergren (CR21) 2012; 51 CR18 Badia, Schiaffino, Alonso, Herdman (CR3) 1998; 7 CR13 van Hout, Janssen, Feng, Kohlmann, Busschbach, Golicki (CR12) 2012; 15 Wilke, Pickard, Walton, Moock, Kohlmann, Lee (CR14) 2010; 19 van de Poll-Franse, Mols, Gundy, Creutzberg, Nout, Verdonck-de Leeuw (CR19) 2011; 47 Pickard, De Leon, Kohlmann, Cella, Rosenbloom (CR11) 2007; 45 Golicki, Zawodnik, Janssen, Kiljan, Hermanowski (CR9) 2010; 13 Abdin, Subramaniam, Vaingankar, Luo, Chong (CR2) 2013 Pickard, Kohlmann, Janssen, Bonsel, Rosenbloom, Cella (CR10) 2007; 45 Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, Lowe (CR16) 2006; 166 Craig, Busschbach, Salomon (CR15) 2009; 62 Kroenke, Spitzer, Williams (CR17) 2001; 16 Brooks (CR1) 1996; 37 Xie, Pullenayegum, Gaebel, Oppe, Krabbe (CR8) 2012; 15 Hinz, Klaiberg, Brahler, Konig (CR4) 2006; 56 Herdman, Gudex, Lloyd, Janssen, Kind, Parkin, Bonsel, Badia (CR7) 2011; 20 Kind, Dolan, Gudex, Williams (CR6) 1998; 316 P Kind (498_CR6) 1998; 316 D Golicki (498_CR9) 2010; 13 JA Johnson (498_CR5) 2000; 38 498_CR18 R Brooks (498_CR1) 1996; 37 L Poll-Franse van de (498_CR19) 2011; 47 M Derogar (498_CR21) 2012; 51 M Morfeld (498_CR20) 2005; 50 F Xie (498_CR8) 2012; 15 CT Wilke (498_CR14) 2010; 19 498_CR10 RL Spitzer (498_CR16) 2006; 166 M Herdman (498_CR7) 2011; 20 E Abdin (498_CR2) 2013 A Hinz (498_CR4) 2006; 56 BM Craig (498_CR15) 2009; 62 B Hout van (498_CR12) 2012; 15 498_CR13 K Kroenke (498_CR17) 2001; 16 AS Pickard (498_CR11) 2007; 45 X Badia (498_CR3) 1998; 7 9529408 - BMJ. 1998 Mar 7;316(7133):736-41 18945585 - J Clin Epidemiol. 2009 Mar;62(3):296-305 16453241 - Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2006 Feb;56(2):42-8 17712251 - Med Care. 2007 Sep;45(9):812-9 17304084 - Med Care. 2007 Mar;45(3):259-63 21479777 - Qual Life Res. 2011 Dec;20(10 ):1727-36 19248149 - Health Econ. 2010 Jan;19(1):101-10 23553075 - Eur J Health Econ. 2014 Apr;15(3):281-8 11556941 - J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13 23549857 - Qual Life Res. 2013 Dec;22(10):2983-91 21134739 - Eur J Cancer. 2011 Mar;47(5):667-75 10630726 - Med Care. 2000 Jan;38(1):115-21 16300173 - Soz Praventivmed. 2005;50(5):292-300 22867780 - Value Health. 2012 Jul-Aug;15(5):708-15 21961499 - Acta Oncol. 2012 Jan;51(1):10-6 16717171 - Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 22;166(10):1092-7 9610215 - Qual Life Res. 1998 May;7(4):311-22 10158943 - Health Policy. 1996 Jul;37(1):53-72 |
| References_xml | – volume: 13 start-page: A240 year: 2010 ident: CR9 article-title: Psychometric comparison of EQ-5D and EQ-5D-5L in a student population publication-title: Value Health doi: 10.1016/S1098-3015(11)71846-0 – ident: CR18 – volume: 166 start-page: 1092 year: 2006 end-page: 1097 ident: CR16 article-title: A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder—The GAD-7 publication-title: Archives of Internal Medicine doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 – volume: 47 start-page: 667 year: 2011 end-page: 675 ident: CR19 article-title: Normative data for the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC-sexuality items in the general Dutch population publication-title: European Journal of Cancer doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.11.004 – volume: 7 start-page: 311 year: 1998 end-page: 322 ident: CR3 article-title: Using the EuroQol 5-D in the Catalan general population: Feasibility and construct validity publication-title: Quality of Life Research doi: 10.1023/A:1008894502042 – volume: 37 start-page: 53 year: 1996 end-page: 72 ident: CR1 article-title: EuroQoL: The current state of play publication-title: Health Policy doi: 10.1016/0168-8510(96)00822-6 – volume: 20 start-page: 1727 year: 2011 end-page: 1736 ident: CR7 article-title: Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) publication-title: Quality of Life Research doi: 10.1007/s11136-011-9903-x – volume: 56 start-page: 42 year: 2006 end-page: 48 ident: CR4 article-title: The quality of life questionnaire EQ-5D: Modelling and norm values for the general population [Der Lebensqualitaetsfragebogen EQ-5D: Modelle und Normwerte fuer die Allgemeinbevoelkerung] publication-title: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Medicine doi: 10.1055/s-2005-867061 – ident: CR13 – volume: 62 start-page: 296 year: 2009 end-page: 305 ident: CR15 article-title: Keep it simple: Ranking health states yields values similar to cardinal measurement approaches publication-title: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology doi: 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):1727-36 – reference: 16453241 - Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2006 Feb;56(2):42-8 – reference: 21961499 - Acta Oncol. 2012 Jan;51(1):10-6 |
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