Circulation of RSV Subtypes A and B Among Mexican Children During the 2021–2022 and 2022–2023 Seasons

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of pneumonia in young children in Mexico and worldwide. To investigate RSV dynamics in Mexico, we conducted a multicenter study from August 2021 to July 2023 in six hospitals across five States, analyzing respiratory samples from children und...

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Published in:	Pathogens (Basel) Vol. 14; no. 10; p. 996
Main Authors:	Zárate, Selene, Taboada, Blanca, Torres-Rivera, Karina, Bautista-Carbajal, Patricia, Garcia-León, Miguel Leonardo, Tabla-Orozco, Verónica, Juárez-Tobías, María Susana, Noyola, Daniel E., Martínez-Arce, Pedro Antonio, Espinosa-Sotero, Maria del Carmen, Martínez-Aguilar, Gerardo, Rojas-Larios, Fabian, Sanchez-Flores, Alejandro, Arias, Carlos F., Wong-Chew, Rosa María
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 02.10.2025
Subjects:	Analysis Bacterial pneumonia Child, Preschool Children Circulation Coinfection - epidemiology Coinfection - virology Comorbidity Epidemics Epidemiology Female Genomes Hospitals Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Infectious diseases Influenza Male Metadata Mexico Mexico - epidemiology New Mexico Pandemics Pathogens Pediatrics Phylogeny Pneumonia Public health Respiratory diseases Respiratory syncytial virus Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - epidemiology Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - virology Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human - classification Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human - genetics Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human - isolation & purification Rhinovirus RSV circulation Seasons Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Software Streptococcus infections Trends United States viral phylogenetics virus epidemiology Viruses Winter Mexico United States New Mexico United States > US South Korea RSV circulation virus epidemiology viral phylogenetics
ISSN:	2076-0817, 2076-0817
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Abstract	Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of pneumonia in young children in Mexico and worldwide. To investigate RSV dynamics in Mexico, we conducted a multicenter study from August 2021 to July 2023 in six hospitals across five States, analyzing respiratory samples from children under five years with pneumonia. Multiplex RT-PCR identified 203 RSV-positive cases, of which 123 were RSV-B and 80 RSV-A. Interestingly, 77% of the collected samples showed evidence of coinfection with other respiratory pathogens, with rhinovirus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae being the most common. Also, RSV-B dominated in 2021–2022, whereas RSV-A prevailed in 2022–2023, mirroring trends observed in the United States. Sequences of the genes encoding G and F proteins showed that RSV-A lineages were more diverse, with A.D.1, A.D.1.8, and A.D.5.2 being frequently detected. In contrast, nearly all RSV-B sequences belonged to lineage B.D.E.1. Finally, ancestral state inference suggests repeated introductions from the USA and other North American countries, with limited evidence of sustained local circulation. These findings show different trends in RSV circulation between two consecutive seasons and the importance of genomic surveillance to monitor RSV diversity, evaluate vaccine impact, and inform public health strategies in Mexico’s evolving post-pandemic respiratory virus landscape.
AbstractList	Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of pneumonia in young children in Mexico and worldwide. To investigate RSV dynamics in Mexico, we conducted a multicenter study from August 2021 to July 2023 in six hospitals across five States, analyzing respiratory samples from children under five years with pneumonia. Multiplex RT-PCR identified 203 RSV-positive cases, of which 123 were RSV-B and 80 RSV-A. Interestingly, 77% of the collected samples showed evidence of coinfection with other respiratory pathogens, with rhinovirus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae being the most common. Also, RSV-B dominated in 2021–2022, whereas RSV-A prevailed in 2022–2023, mirroring trends observed in the United States. Sequences of the genes encoding G and F proteins showed that RSV-A lineages were more diverse, with A.D.1, A.D.1.8, and A.D.5.2 being frequently detected. In contrast, nearly all RSV-B sequences belonged to lineage B.D.E.1. Finally, ancestral state inference suggests repeated introductions from the USA and other North American countries, with limited evidence of sustained local circulation. These findings show different trends in RSV circulation between two consecutive seasons and the importance of genomic surveillance to monitor RSV diversity, evaluate vaccine impact, and inform public health strategies in Mexico’s evolving post-pandemic respiratory virus landscape. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of pneumonia in young children in Mexico and worldwide. To investigate RSV dynamics in Mexico, we conducted a multicenter study from August 2021 to July 2023 in six hospitals across five States, analyzing respiratory samples from children under five years with pneumonia. Multiplex RT-PCR identified 203 RSV-positive cases, of which 123 were RSV-B and 80 RSV-A. Interestingly, 77% of the collected samples showed evidence of coinfection with other respiratory pathogens, with rhinovirus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae being the most common. Also, RSV-B dominated in 2021-2022, whereas RSV-A prevailed in 2022-2023, mirroring trends observed in the United States. Sequences of the genes encoding G and F proteins showed that RSV-A lineages were more diverse, with A.D.1, A.D.1.8, and A.D.5.2 being frequently detected. In contrast, nearly all RSV-B sequences belonged to lineage B.D.E.1. Finally, ancestral state inference suggests repeated introductions from the USA and other North American countries, with limited evidence of sustained local circulation. These findings show different trends in RSV circulation between two consecutive seasons and the importance of genomic surveillance to monitor RSV diversity, evaluate vaccine impact, and inform public health strategies in Mexico's evolving post-pandemic respiratory virus landscape.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of pneumonia in young children in Mexico and worldwide. To investigate RSV dynamics in Mexico, we conducted a multicenter study from August 2021 to July 2023 in six hospitals across five States, analyzing respiratory samples from children under five years with pneumonia. Multiplex RT-PCR identified 203 RSV-positive cases, of which 123 were RSV-B and 80 RSV-A. Interestingly, 77% of the collected samples showed evidence of coinfection with other respiratory pathogens, with rhinovirus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae being the most common. Also, RSV-B dominated in 2021-2022, whereas RSV-A prevailed in 2022-2023, mirroring trends observed in the United States. Sequences of the genes encoding G and F proteins showed that RSV-A lineages were more diverse, with A.D.1, A.D.1.8, and A.D.5.2 being frequently detected. In contrast, nearly all RSV-B sequences belonged to lineage B.D.E.1. Finally, ancestral state inference suggests repeated introductions from the USA and other North American countries, with limited evidence of sustained local circulation. These findings show different trends in RSV circulation between two consecutive seasons and the importance of genomic surveillance to monitor RSV diversity, evaluate vaccine impact, and inform public health strategies in Mexico's evolving post-pandemic respiratory virus landscape. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of pneumonia in young children in Mexico and worldwide. To investigate RSV dynamics in Mexico, we conducted a multicenter study from August 2021 to July 2023 in six hospitals across five States, analyzing respiratory samples from children under five years with pneumonia. Multiplex RT-PCR identified 203 RSV-positive cases, of which 123 were RSV-B and 80 RSV-A. Interestingly, 77% of the collected samples showed evidence of coinfection with other respiratory pathogens, with rhinovirus, , and being the most common. Also, RSV-B dominated in 2021-2022, whereas RSV-A prevailed in 2022-2023, mirroring trends observed in the United States. Sequences of the genes encoding G and F proteins showed that RSV-A lineages were more diverse, with A.D.1, A.D.1.8, and A.D.5.2 being frequently detected. In contrast, nearly all RSV-B sequences belonged to lineage B.D.E.1. Finally, ancestral state inference suggests repeated introductions from the USA and other North American countries, with limited evidence of sustained local circulation. These findings show different trends in RSV circulation between two consecutive seasons and the importance of genomic surveillance to monitor RSV diversity, evaluate vaccine impact, and inform public health strategies in Mexico's evolving post-pandemic respiratory virus landscape.
Audience	Academic
Author	Rojas-Larios, Fabian Bautista-Carbajal, Patricia Noyola, Daniel E. Martínez-Aguilar, Gerardo Arias, Carlos F. Juárez-Tobías, María Susana Taboada, Blanca Zárate, Selene Garcia-León, Miguel Leonardo Torres-Rivera, Karina Martínez-Arce, Pedro Antonio Tabla-Orozco, Verónica Wong-Chew, Rosa María Sanchez-Flores, Alejandro Espinosa-Sotero, Maria del Carmen
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Snippet	Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of pneumonia in young children in Mexico and worldwide. To investigate RSV dynamics in Mexico, we...
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SubjectTerms	Analysis Bacterial pneumonia Child, Preschool Children Circulation Coinfection - epidemiology Coinfection - virology Comorbidity Epidemics Epidemiology Female Genomes Hospitals Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Infectious diseases Influenza Male Metadata Mexico Mexico - epidemiology New Mexico Pandemics Pathogens Pediatrics Phylogeny Pneumonia Public health Respiratory diseases Respiratory syncytial virus Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - epidemiology Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - virology Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human - classification Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human - genetics Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human - isolation & purification Rhinovirus RSV circulation Seasons Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Software Streptococcus infections Trends United States viral phylogenetics virus epidemiology Viruses Winter
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Title	Circulation of RSV Subtypes A and B Among Mexican Children During the 2021–2022 and 2022–2023 Seasons
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