Circulation of RSV Subtypes A and B Among Mexican Children During the 2021–2022 and 2022–2023 Seasons

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of pneumonia in young children in Mexico and worldwide. To investigate RSV dynamics in Mexico, we conducted a multicenter study from August 2021 to July 2023 in six hospitals across five States, analyzing respiratory samples from children und...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens (Basel) Vol. 14; no. 10; p. 996
Main Authors: Zárate, Selene, Taboada, Blanca, Torres-Rivera, Karina, Bautista-Carbajal, Patricia, Garcia-León, Miguel Leonardo, Tabla-Orozco, Verónica, Juárez-Tobías, María Susana, Noyola, Daniel E., Martínez-Arce, Pedro Antonio, Espinosa-Sotero, Maria del Carmen, Martínez-Aguilar, Gerardo, Rojas-Larios, Fabian, Sanchez-Flores, Alejandro, Arias, Carlos F., Wong-Chew, Rosa María
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 02.10.2025
Subjects:
Analysis
Bacterial pneumonia
Child, Preschool
Children
Circulation
Coinfection - epidemiology
Coinfection - virology
Comorbidity
Epidemics
Epidemiology
Female
Genomes
Hospitals
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infectious diseases
Influenza
Male
Metadata
Mexico
Mexico - epidemiology
New Mexico
Pandemics
Pathogens
Pediatrics
Phylogeny
Pneumonia
Public health
Respiratory diseases
Respiratory syncytial virus
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - epidemiology
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - virology
Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human - classification
Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human - genetics
Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human - isolation & purification
Rhinovirus
RSV circulation
Seasons
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Software
Streptococcus infections
Trends
United States
viral phylogenetics
virus epidemiology
Viruses
Winter
Mexico
United States
New Mexico
United States > US
South Korea
RSV circulation
virus epidemiology
viral phylogenetics
ISSN:2076-0817, 2076-0817
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of pneumonia in young children in Mexico and worldwide. To investigate RSV dynamics in Mexico, we conducted a multicenter study from August 2021 to July 2023 in six hospitals across five States, analyzing respiratory samples from children under five years with pneumonia. Multiplex RT-PCR identified 203 RSV-positive cases, of which 123 were RSV-B and 80 RSV-A. Interestingly, 77% of the collected samples showed evidence of coinfection with other respiratory pathogens, with rhinovirus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae being the most common. Also, RSV-B dominated in 2021–2022, whereas RSV-A prevailed in 2022–2023, mirroring trends observed in the United States. Sequences of the genes encoding G and F proteins showed that RSV-A lineages were more diverse, with A.D.1, A.D.1.8, and A.D.5.2 being frequently detected. In contrast, nearly all RSV-B sequences belonged to lineage B.D.E.1. Finally, ancestral state inference suggests repeated introductions from the USA and other North American countries, with limited evidence of sustained local circulation. These findings show different trends in RSV circulation between two consecutive seasons and the importance of genomic surveillance to monitor RSV diversity, evaluate vaccine impact, and inform public health strategies in Mexico’s evolving post-pandemic respiratory virus landscape.
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ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens14100996