Combustion in the future: The importance of chemistry

Combustion involves chemical reactions that are often highly exothermic. Combustion systems utilize the energy of chemical compounds released during this reactive process for transportation, to generate electric power, or to provide heat for various applications. Chemistry and combustion are interli...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Proceedings of the Combustion Institute Vol. 38; no. 1; pp. 1 - 56
Main Author:	Kohse-Höinghaus, Katharina
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Elsevier Inc 01.01.2021 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc
Subjects:	Biofuels Combustion Combustion chemistry Combustion diagnostics Combustion kinetics Combustion modeling Combustion synthesis Emissions Energy Energy conversion Fuels Reaction mechanisms Synthetic fuels LNG PACT Combustion LIGS CEAS KDE STM TPES Combustion modeling FCEV Combustion diagnostics HFO DFT IC IE PFR CRDS TiRe-LII OME JSR IR PM10 PM2,5 Biofuels Emissions HACA LH2 WLTP BTL NTC PLIF ARAS RCM SOFC CFD BC DRIFTS Fuels SNG SVO Combustion kinetics Energy FTIR SI SNR Energy conversion REMPI TOF-MS FRET SIMS CA SOA CI HAB LIF ICEV LII PIE RMG OTMS YSI RCCI BEV PAH VUV QCL PIV HCCI Combustion synthesis PRF DBE GHG ALS LT MTO XAS KHP TPRF MDO LOHC SOx EI MS LCA TSI VOC DCN HRTEM RON TDLAS Synthetic fuels LTC FC Combustion chemistry MVK DFWM AFM APCI FT PDF NOx ATcT DMC Reaction mechanisms GC SOEC DME UFP MBMS DEE DMM IPCC PEPICO GW EGR CCS PEM PI CTL 2M2B PM GTL PES DMC, dimethyl carbonate HAB, height above the burner SNG, synthetic natural gas NTC, negative temperature coefficient IE, ionization energy GTL, gas-to-liquid UFP, ultrafine particle ATcT, Active Thermochemical Tables FTIR, Fourier-transform infrared PES, photoelectron spectrum/spectra MBMS, molecular-beam MS NOx, nitrogen oxides FT, Fischer-Tropsch BC, black carbon LT, low-temperature LCA, lifecycle analysis REMPI, resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization MVK, methyl vinyl ketone DFT, density functional theory LII, laser-induced incandescence PFR, plug-flow reactor WLTP, Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure HRTEM, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy PDF, probability density function DRIFTS, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy FCEV, fuel cell electric vehicle LIF, laser-induced fluorescence VUV, vacuum ultraviolet JSR, jet-stirred reactor QCL, quantum cascade laser TSI, threshold sooting index SOFC, solid-oxide fuel cell PM10 PM2,5, sampled fractions with sizes up to ∼10 and ∼2,5 µm CA, crank angle CCS, carbon capture and storage DCN, derived cetane number IC, internal combustion ARAS, atomic resonance absorption spectroscopy YSI, yield sooting index SOEC, solid-oxide electrolysis cell TDLAS, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy PLIF, planar laser-induced fluorescence ICEV, internal combustion engine vehicle CFD, computational fluid dynamics AFM, atomic force microscopy DBE, di-n-butyl ether PM, particulate matter SOA, secondary organic aerosol SVO, straight vegetable oil OTMS, Orbitrap MS TiRe-LII, time-resolved LII BEV, battery electric vehicle MS, mass spectrometry RON, research octane number ALS, Advanced Light Source PACT, predictive automated computational thermochemistry GW, global warming XAS, X-ray absorption spectroscopy 2M2B, 2-methyl-2-butene CTL, coal-to-liquid EI, electron ionization PIE, photoionization efficiency RCCI, reactivity-controlled compression ignition CI, compression ignition PIV, particle imaging velocimetry FRET, fluorescence resonance energy transfer LNG, liquefied natural gas LTC, low-temperature combustion IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon CEAS, cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy RMG, reaction mechanism generator APCI, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization LH2, liquid hydrogen FC, fuel cell SOx, sulfur oxides LIGS, laser-induced grating spectroscopy DME, dimethyl ether SNR, signal-to-noise ratio HCCI, homogeneous charge compression ignition DMM, dimethoxy methane EGR, exhaust gas recirculation PEPICO, photoelectron photoion coincidence DEE, diethyl ether STM, scanning tunneling microscopy PI, photoionization SI, spark ignition GC, gas chromatography OME, oxymethylene ether DFWM, degenerate four-wave mixing MTO, methanol-to-olefins LOHC, liquid organic hydrogen carrier TPES, threshold photoelectron spectrum/spectra PEM, polymer electrolyte membrane HACA, hydrogen abstraction acetylene addition RCM, rapid compression machine KDE, kernel density estimation SIMS, secondary ion mass spectrometry VOC, volatile organic compound BTL, biomass-to-liquid GHG, greenhouse gas MDO, marine diesel oil KHP, ketohydroperoxide HFO, heavy fuel oil PRF, primary reference fuel CRDS, cavity ring-down spectroscopy TPRF, toluene primary reference fuel IR, infrared TOF-MS, time-of-flight MS
ISSN:	1540-7489, 1873-2704
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Summary:	Combustion involves chemical reactions that are often highly exothermic. Combustion systems utilize the energy of chemical compounds released during this reactive process for transportation, to generate electric power, or to provide heat for various applications. Chemistry and combustion are interlinked in several ways. The outcome of a combustion process in terms of its energy and material balance, regarding the delivery of useful work as well as the generation of harmful emissions, depends sensitively on the molecular nature of the respective fuel. The design of efficient, low-emission combustion processes in compliance with air quality and climate goals suggests a closer inspection of the molecular properties and reactions of conventional, bio-derived, and synthetic fuels. Information about flammability, reaction intensity, and potentially hazardous combustion by-products is important also for safety considerations. Moreover, some of the compounds that serve as fuels can assume important roles in chemical energy storage and conversion. Combustion processes can furthermore be used to synthesize materials with attractive properties. A systematic understanding of the combustion behavior thus demands chemical knowledge. Desirable information includes properties of the thermodynamic states before and after the combustion reactions and relevant details about the dynamic processes that occur during the reactive transformations from the fuel and oxidizer to the products under the given boundary conditions. Combustion systems can be described, tailored, and improved by taking chemical knowledge into account. Combining theory, experiment, model development, simulation, and a systematic analysis of uncertainties enables qualitative or even quantitative predictions for many combustion situations of practical relevance. This article can highlight only a few of the numerous investigations on chemical processes for combustion and combustion-related science and applications, with a main focus on gas-phase reaction systems. It attempts to provide a snapshot of recent progress and a guide to exciting opportunities that drive such research beyond fossil combustion.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1540-7489 1873-2704
DOI:	10.1016/j.proci.2020.06.375