Comprehensive Evaluation of Fast-Response, Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes, and Large-Eddy Simulation Methods Against High-Spatial-Resolution Wind-Tunnel Data in Step-Down Street Canyons

Three computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods with different levels of flow-physics modelling are comprehensively evaluated against high-spatial-resolution wind-tunnel velocity data from step-down street canyons (i.e., a short building downwind of a tall building). The first method is a semi-empi...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Boundary-layer meteorology Jg. 164; H. 2; S. 217 - 247
Hauptverfasser:	Hayati, Arash Nemati, Stoll, Rob, Kim, J. J., Harman, Todd, Nelson, Matthew A., Brown, Michael J., Pardyjak, Eric R.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.08.2017 Springer Springer Nature B.V
Schlagworte:	Aspect ratio Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Atmospheric Sciences Computational fluid dynamics Computer applications Computer based modeling data collection Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences equations Experimental data Flow topology Flow velocity Fluid dynamics Fluid flow Fluid mechanics Fluid-structure interaction geometry GEOSCIENCES High rise buildings Hydrodynamics Inflow Large eddy simulation Mathematical models Meteorology Methods Modelling Navier-Stokes equations Oceanic eddies Research Article Resolution Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes method Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes Saddle points Secondary flow Separation Simulation simulation models Spatial discrimination Stokes law (fluid mechanics) Street canyons Street-canyon flow Tall buildings Topology Tunnels Turbulence (Fluid dynamics) Updraft Velocity Vertical velocities Width wind Wind tunnels Flow topology Street-canyon flow Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes Large-eddy simulation
ISSN:	0006-8314, 1573-1472
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Abstract	Three computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods with different levels of flow-physics modelling are comprehensively evaluated against high-spatial-resolution wind-tunnel velocity data from step-down street canyons (i.e., a short building downwind of a tall building). The first method is a semi-empirical fast-response approach using the Quick Urban Industrial Complex (QUIC-URB) model. The second method solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, and the third one utilizes a fully-coupled fluid-structure interaction large-eddy simulation (LES) model with a grid-turbulence inflow generator. Unlike typical point-by-point evaluation comparisons, here the entire two-dimensional wind-tunnel dataset is used to evaluate the dynamics of dominant flow topological features in the street canyon. Each CFD method is scrutinized for several geometric configurations by varying the downwind-to-upwind building-height ratio ( H d / H u ) and street canyon-width to building-width aspect ratio ( S / W ) for inflow winds perpendicular to the upwind building front face. Disparities between the numerical results and experimental data are quantified in terms of their ability to capture flow topological features for different geometric configurations. Overall, all three methods qualitatively predict the primary flow topological features, including a saddle point and a primary vortex. However, the secondary flow topological features, namely an in-canyon separation point and secondary vortices, are only well represented by the LES method despite its failure for taller downwind building cases. Misrepresentation of flow-regime transitions, exaggeration of the coherence of recirculation zones and wake fields, and overestimation of downwards vertical velocity into the canyon are the main defects in QUIC-URB, RANS and LES results, respectively. All three methods underestimate the updrafts and, surprisingly, QUIC-URB outperforms RANS for the streamwise velocity component, while RANS is superior to QUIC-URB for the vertical velocity component in the street canyon.
AbstractList	Three computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods with different levels of flow-physics modelling are comprehensively evaluated against high-spatial-resolution wind-tunnel velocity data from step-down street canyons (i.e., a short building downwind of a tall building). The first method is a semi-empirical fast-response approach using the Quick Urban Industrial Complex (QUIC-URB) model. The second method solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, and the third one utilizes a fully-coupled fluid-structure interaction large-eddy simulation (LES) model with a grid-turbulence inflow generator. Unlike typical point-by-point evaluation comparisons, here the entire two-dimensional wind-tunnel dataset is used to evaluate the dynamics of dominant flow topological features in the street canyon. Each CFD method is scrutinized for several geometric configurations by varying the downwind-to-upwind building-height ratio ( [Formula omitted]) and street canyon-width to building-width aspect ratio (S / W) for inflow winds perpendicular to the upwind building front face. Disparities between the numerical results and experimental data are quantified in terms of their ability to capture flow topological features for different geometric configurations. Overall, all three methods qualitatively predict the primary flow topological features, including a saddle point and a primary vortex. However, the secondary flow topological features, namely an in-canyon separation point and secondary vortices, are only well represented by the LES method despite its failure for taller downwind building cases. Misrepresentation of flow-regime transitions, exaggeration of the coherence of recirculation zones and wake fields, and overestimation of downwards vertical velocity into the canyon are the main defects in QUIC-URB, RANS and LES results, respectively. All three methods underestimate the updrafts and, surprisingly, QUIC-URB outperforms RANS for the streamwise velocity component, while RANS is superior to QUIC-URB for the vertical velocity component in the street canyon. Three computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods with different levels of flow-physics modelling are comprehensively evaluated against high-spatial-resolution wind-tunnel velocity data from step-down street canyons (i.e., a short building downwind of a tall building). The first method is a semi-empirical fast-response approach using the Quick Urban Industrial Complex (QUIC-URB) model. The second method solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, and the third one utilizes a fully-coupled fluid-structure interaction large-eddy simulation (LES) model with a grid-turbulence inflow generator. Unlike typical point-by-point evaluation comparisons, here the entire two-dimensional wind-tunnel dataset is used to evaluate the dynamics of dominant flow topological features in the street canyon. Each CFD method is scrutinized for several geometric configurations by varying the downwind-to-upwind building-height ratio ([Formula: see text]) and street canyon-width to building-width aspect ratio (S / W) for inflow winds perpendicular to the upwind building front face. Disparities between the numerical results and experimental data are quantified in terms of their ability to capture flow topological features for different geometric configurations. Overall, all three methods qualitatively predict the primary flow topological features, including a saddle point and a primary vortex. However, the secondary flow topological features, namely an in-canyon separation point and secondary vortices, are only well represented by the LES method despite its failure for taller downwind building cases. Misrepresentation of flow-regime transitions, exaggeration of the coherence of recirculation zones and wake fields, and overestimation of downwards vertical velocity into the canyon are the main defects in QUIC-URB, RANS and LES results, respectively. All three methods underestimate the updrafts and, surprisingly, QUIC-URB outperforms RANS for the streamwise velocity component, while RANS is superior to QUIC-URB for the vertical velocity component in the street canyon. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae and/or non-USASCII text omitted; see image) Three computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods with different levels of flow-physics modelling are comprehensively evaluated against high-spatial-resolution wind-tunnel velocity data from step-down street canyons (i.e., a short building downwind of a tall building). The first method is a semi-empirical fast-response approach using the Quick Urban Industrial Complex (QUIC-URB) model. The second method solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, and the third one utilizes a fully-coupled fluid-structure interaction large-eddy simulation (LES) model with a grid-turbulence inflow generator. Unlike typical point-by-point evaluation comparisons, here the entire two-dimensional wind-tunnel dataset is used to evaluate the dynamics of dominant flow topological features in the street canyon. Each CFD method is scrutinized for several geometric configurations by varying the downwind-to-upwind building-height ratio (...) and street canyon-width to building-width aspect ratio (S / W) for inflow winds perpendicular to the upwind building front face. Disparities between the numerical results and experimental data are quantified in terms of their ability to capture flow topological features for different geometric configurations. Overall, all three methods qualitatively predict the primary flow topological features, including a saddle point and a primary vortex. However, the secondary flow topological features, namely an in-canyon separation point and secondary vortices, are only well represented by the LES method despite its failure for taller downwind building cases. Misrepresentation of flow-regime transitions, exaggeration of the coherence of recirculation zones and wake fields, and overestimation of downwards vertical velocity into the canyon are the main defects in QUIC-URB, RANS and LES results, respectively. All three methods underestimate the updrafts and, surprisingly, QUIC-URB outperforms RANS for the streamwise velocity component, while RANS is superior to QUIC-URB for the vertical velocity component in the street canyon. Three computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods with different levels of flow-physics modelling are comprehensively evaluated against high-spatial-resolution wind-tunnel velocity data from step-down street canyons (i.e., a short building downwind of a tall building). The first method is a semi-empirical fast-response approach using the Quick Urban Industrial Complex (QUIC-URB) model. The second method solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, and the third one utilizes a fully-coupled fluid-structure interaction large-eddy simulation (LES) model with a grid-turbulence inflow generator. Unlike typical point-by-point evaluation comparisons, here the entire two-dimensional wind-tunnel dataset is used to evaluate the dynamics of dominant flow topological features in the street canyon. Each CFD method is scrutinized for several geometric configurations by varying the downwind-to-upwind building-height ratio (Hd/Hu) and street canyon-width to building-width aspect ratio (S / W) for inflow winds perpendicular to the upwind building front face. Disparities between the numerical results and experimental data are quantified in terms of their ability to capture flow topological features for different geometric configurations. Ultimately, all three methods qualitatively predict the primary flow topological features, including a saddle point and a primary vortex. But, the secondary flow topological features, namely an in-canyon separation point and secondary vortices, are only well represented by the LES method despite its failure for taller downwind building cases. Misrepresentation of flow-regime transitions, exaggeration of the coherence of recirculation zones and wake fields, and overestimation of downwards vertical velocity into the canyon are the main defects in QUIC-URB, RANS and LES results, respectively. All three methods underestimate the updrafts and, surprisingly, QUIC-URB outperforms RANS for the streamwise velocity component, while RANS is superior to QUIC-URB for the vertical velocity component in the street canyon. Three computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods with different levels of flow-physics modelling are comprehensively evaluated against high-spatial-resolution wind-tunnel velocity data from step-down street canyons (i.e., a short building downwind of a tall building). The first method is a semi-empirical fast-response approach using the Quick Urban Industrial Complex (QUIC-URB) model. The second method solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, and the third one utilizes a fully-coupled fluid-structure interaction large-eddy simulation (LES) model with a grid-turbulence inflow generator. Unlike typical point-by-point evaluation comparisons, here the entire two-dimensional wind-tunnel dataset is used to evaluate the dynamics of dominant flow topological features in the street canyon. Each CFD method is scrutinized for several geometric configurations by varying the downwind-to-upwind building-height ratio ( H d / H u ) and street canyon-width to building-width aspect ratio ( S / W ) for inflow winds perpendicular to the upwind building front face. Disparities between the numerical results and experimental data are quantified in terms of their ability to capture flow topological features for different geometric configurations. Overall, all three methods qualitatively predict the primary flow topological features, including a saddle point and a primary vortex. However, the secondary flow topological features, namely an in-canyon separation point and secondary vortices, are only well represented by the LES method despite its failure for taller downwind building cases. Misrepresentation of flow-regime transitions, exaggeration of the coherence of recirculation zones and wake fields, and overestimation of downwards vertical velocity into the canyon are the main defects in QUIC-URB, RANS and LES results, respectively. All three methods underestimate the updrafts and, surprisingly, QUIC-URB outperforms RANS for the streamwise velocity component, while RANS is superior to QUIC-URB for the vertical velocity component in the street canyon.
Audience	Academic
Author	Brown, Michael J. Harman, Todd Kim, J. J. Hayati, Arash Nemati Nelson, Matthew A. Pardyjak, Eric R. Stoll, Rob
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Arash Nemati surname: Hayati fullname: Hayati, Arash Nemati organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah – sequence: 2 givenname: Rob surname: Stoll fullname: Stoll, Rob organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah – sequence: 3 givenname: J. J. surname: Kim fullname: Kim, J. J. organization: Department of Environmental Atmospheric Sciences, Pukyong National University – sequence: 4 givenname: Todd surname: Harman fullname: Harman, Todd organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah – sequence: 5 givenname: Matthew A. surname: Nelson fullname: Nelson, Matthew A. organization: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Information Systems and modelling Group – sequence: 6 givenname: Michael J. surname: Brown fullname: Brown, Michael J. organization: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Information Systems and modelling Group – sequence: 7 givenname: Eric R. surname: Pardyjak fullname: Pardyjak, Eric R. email: pardyjak@mech.utah.edu organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah
BackLink	https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1392886$$D View this record in Osti.gov
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OpenAccessLink	https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1392886
PQID	1916107774
PQPubID	105435
PageCount	31
ParticipantIDs	osti_scitechconnect_1392886 proquest_miscellaneous_2000494581 proquest_journals_1916107774 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A497816872 crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s10546_017_0245_2 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10546_017_0245_2 springer_journals_10_1007_s10546_017_0245_2
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2017-08-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2017-08-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 08 year: 2017 text: 2017-08-01 day: 01
PublicationDecade	2010
PublicationPlace	Dordrecht
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: Dordrecht – name: United States
PublicationSubtitle	An International Journal of Physical, Chemical and Biological Processes in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
PublicationTitle	Boundary-layer meteorology
PublicationTitleAbbrev	Boundary-Layer Meteorol
PublicationYear	2017
Publisher	Springer Netherlands Springer Springer Nature B.V
Publisher_xml	– name: Springer Netherlands – name: Springer – name: Springer Nature B.V
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SubjectTerms	Aspect ratio Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Atmospheric Sciences Computational fluid dynamics Computer applications Computer based modeling data collection Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences equations Experimental data Flow topology Flow velocity Fluid dynamics Fluid flow Fluid mechanics Fluid-structure interaction geometry GEOSCIENCES High rise buildings Hydrodynamics Inflow Large eddy simulation Mathematical models Meteorology Methods Modelling Navier-Stokes equations Oceanic eddies Research Article Resolution Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes method Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes Saddle points Secondary flow Separation Simulation simulation models Spatial discrimination Stokes law (fluid mechanics) Street canyons Street-canyon flow Tall buildings Topology Tunnels Turbulence (Fluid dynamics) Updraft Velocity Vertical velocities Width wind Wind tunnels
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Title	Comprehensive Evaluation of Fast-Response, Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes, and Large-Eddy Simulation Methods Against High-Spatial-Resolution Wind-Tunnel Data in Step-Down Street Canyons
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