Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology

Research literature on problematic smartphone use, or smartphone addiction, has proliferated. However, relationships with existing categories of psychopathology are not well defined. We discuss the concept of problematic smartphone use, including possible causal pathways to such use. We conducted a...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of affective disorders Jg. 207; S. 251 - 259
Hauptverfasser: Elhai, Jon D., Dvorak, Robert D., Levine, Jason C., Hall, Brian J.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.01.2017
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ISSN:0165-0327, 1573-2517, 1573-2517
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Abstract Research literature on problematic smartphone use, or smartphone addiction, has proliferated. However, relationships with existing categories of psychopathology are not well defined. We discuss the concept of problematic smartphone use, including possible causal pathways to such use. We conducted a systematic review of the relationship between problematic use with psychopathology. Using scholarly bibliographic databases, we screened 117 total citations, resulting in 23 peer-reviewer papers examining statistical relations between standardized measures of problematic smartphone use/use severity and the severity of psychopathology. Most papers examined problematic use in relation to depression, anxiety, chronic stress and/or low self-esteem. Across this literature, without statistically adjusting for other relevant variables, depression severity was consistently related to problematic smartphone use, demonstrating at least medium effect sizes. Anxiety was also consistently related to problem use, but with small effect sizes. Stress was somewhat consistently related, with small to medium effects. Self-esteem was inconsistently related, with small to medium effects when found. Statistically adjusting for other relevant variables yielded similar but somewhat smaller effects. We only included correlational studies in our systematic review, but address the few relevant experimental studies also. We discuss causal explanations for relationships between problem smartphone use and psychopathology. •Several causal pathways toward problematic smartphone use have been proposed in the literature.•In a systematic review of the literature, depression severity and anxiety severity were consistently related to problem smartphone use.•Stress was somewhat consistently related to problematic smartphone use.•Self-esteem was inconsistently related to problem smartphone use.
AbstractList Research literature on problematic smartphone use, or smartphone addiction, has proliferated. However, relationships with existing categories of psychopathology are not well defined. We discuss the concept of problematic smartphone use, including possible causal pathways to such use.BACKGROUNDResearch literature on problematic smartphone use, or smartphone addiction, has proliferated. However, relationships with existing categories of psychopathology are not well defined. We discuss the concept of problematic smartphone use, including possible causal pathways to such use.We conducted a systematic review of the relationship between problematic use with psychopathology. Using scholarly bibliographic databases, we screened 117 total citations, resulting in 23 peer-reviewer papers examining statistical relations between standardized measures of problematic smartphone use/use severity and the severity of psychopathology.METHODWe conducted a systematic review of the relationship between problematic use with psychopathology. Using scholarly bibliographic databases, we screened 117 total citations, resulting in 23 peer-reviewer papers examining statistical relations between standardized measures of problematic smartphone use/use severity and the severity of psychopathology.Most papers examined problematic use in relation to depression, anxiety, chronic stress and/or low self-esteem. Across this literature, without statistically adjusting for other relevant variables, depression severity was consistently related to problematic smartphone use, demonstrating at least medium effect sizes. Anxiety was also consistently related to problem use, but with small effect sizes. Stress was somewhat consistently related, with small to medium effects. Self-esteem was inconsistently related, with small to medium effects when found. Statistically adjusting for other relevant variables yielded similar but somewhat smaller effects.RESULTSMost papers examined problematic use in relation to depression, anxiety, chronic stress and/or low self-esteem. Across this literature, without statistically adjusting for other relevant variables, depression severity was consistently related to problematic smartphone use, demonstrating at least medium effect sizes. Anxiety was also consistently related to problem use, but with small effect sizes. Stress was somewhat consistently related, with small to medium effects. Self-esteem was inconsistently related, with small to medium effects when found. Statistically adjusting for other relevant variables yielded similar but somewhat smaller effects.We only included correlational studies in our systematic review, but address the few relevant experimental studies also.LIMITATIONSWe only included correlational studies in our systematic review, but address the few relevant experimental studies also.We discuss causal explanations for relationships between problem smartphone use and psychopathology.CONCLUSIONSWe discuss causal explanations for relationships between problem smartphone use and psychopathology.
AbstractBackgroundResearch literature on problematic smartphone use, or smartphone addiction, has proliferated. However, relationships with existing categories of psychopathology are not well defined. We discuss the concept of problematic smartphone use, including possible causal pathways to such use. MethodWe conducted a systematic review of the relationship between problematic use with psychopathology. Using scholarly bibliographic databases, we screened 117 total citations, resulting in 23 peer-reviewer papers examining statistical relations between standardized measures of problematic smartphone use/use severity and the severity of psychopathology. ResultsMost papers examined problematic use in relation to depression, anxiety, chronic stress and/or low self-esteem. Across this literature, without statistically adjusting for other relevant variables, depression severity was consistently related to problematic smartphone use, demonstrating at least medium effect sizes. Anxiety was also consistently related to problem use, but with small effect sizes. Stress was somewhat consistently related, with small to medium effects. Self-esteem was inconsistently related, with small to medium effects when found. Statistically adjusting for other relevant variables yielded similar but somewhat smaller effects. LimitationsWe only included correlational studies in our systematic review, but address the few relevant experimental studies also. ConclusionsWe discuss causal explanations for relationships between problem smartphone use and psychopathology.
Research literature on problematic smartphone use, or smartphone addiction, has proliferated. However, relationships with existing categories of psychopathology are not well defined. We discuss the concept of problematic smartphone use, including possible causal pathways to such use. We conducted a systematic review of the relationship between problematic use with psychopathology. Using scholarly bibliographic databases, we screened 117 total citations, resulting in 23 peer-reviewer papers examining statistical relations between standardized measures of problematic smartphone use/use severity and the severity of psychopathology. Most papers examined problematic use in relation to depression, anxiety, chronic stress and/or low self-esteem. Across this literature, without statistically adjusting for other relevant variables, depression severity was consistently related to problematic smartphone use, demonstrating at least medium effect sizes. Anxiety was also consistently related to problem use, but with small effect sizes. Stress was somewhat consistently related, with small to medium effects. Self-esteem was inconsistently related, with small to medium effects when found. Statistically adjusting for other relevant variables yielded similar but somewhat smaller effects. We only included correlational studies in our systematic review, but address the few relevant experimental studies also. We discuss causal explanations for relationships between problem smartphone use and psychopathology. •Several causal pathways toward problematic smartphone use have been proposed in the literature.•In a systematic review of the literature, depression severity and anxiety severity were consistently related to problem smartphone use.•Stress was somewhat consistently related to problematic smartphone use.•Self-esteem was inconsistently related to problem smartphone use.
Research literature on problematic smartphone use, or smartphone addiction, has proliferated. However, relationships with existing categories of psychopathology are not well defined. We discuss the concept of problematic smartphone use, including possible causal pathways to such use. We conducted a systematic review of the relationship between problematic use with psychopathology. Using scholarly bibliographic databases, we screened 117 total citations, resulting in 23 peer-reviewer papers examining statistical relations between standardized measures of problematic smartphone use/use severity and the severity of psychopathology. Most papers examined problematic use in relation to depression, anxiety, chronic stress and/or low self-esteem. Across this literature, without statistically adjusting for other relevant variables, depression severity was consistently related to problematic smartphone use, demonstrating at least medium effect sizes. Anxiety was also consistently related to problem use, but with small effect sizes. Stress was somewhat consistently related, with small to medium effects. Self-esteem was inconsistently related, with small to medium effects when found. Statistically adjusting for other relevant variables yielded similar but somewhat smaller effects. We only included correlational studies in our systematic review, but address the few relevant experimental studies also. We discuss causal explanations for relationships between problem smartphone use and psychopathology.
Author Hall, Brian J.
Levine, Jason C.
Elhai, Jon D.
Dvorak, Robert D.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Jon D.
  surname: Elhai
  fullname: Elhai, Jon D.
  email: contact@jon-elhai.com
  organization: Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Robert D.
  surname: Dvorak
  fullname: Dvorak, Robert D.
  organization: Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Jason C.
  surname: Levine
  fullname: Levine, Jason C.
  organization: Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Brian J.
  surname: Hall
  fullname: Hall, Brian J.
  organization: Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau (SAR), People's Republic of China
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27736736$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Research literature on problematic smartphone use, or smartphone addiction, has proliferated. However, relationships with existing categories of...
AbstractBackgroundResearch literature on problematic smartphone use, or smartphone addiction, has proliferated. However, relationships with existing categories...
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StartPage 251
SubjectTerms Addictions
Anxiety - etiology
Anxiety - psychology
Behavior, Addictive - etiology
Behavior, Addictive - psychology
Depression - etiology
Depression - psychology
Humans
Information technology
Internet addiction
Mental disorders
Mobile phones
Psychiatric/Mental Health
Psychopathology
Risk Factors
Self Concept
Smartphone - statistics & numerical data
Stress, Psychological - etiology
Stress, Psychological - psychology
Title Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.030
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27736736
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1835427578
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