The role of germination microsite in the establishment of sugar pine and Jeffrey pine seedlings

Mature shrubs can provide microhabitats that are beneficial to tree seedling growth and development. Sugar pine trees ( Pinus lambertiana) grow in a narrow zone on the eastern slope of the Carson Range in extreme western Nevada, whereas Jeffrey pine ( Pinus jeffreyi) is the dominant tree species in...

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Vydané v:	Forest ecology and management Ročník 260; číslo 5; s. 806 - 813
Hlavní autori:	Legras, Elaine C., Vander Wall, Stephen B., Board, David I.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Kidlington Elsevier B.V 30.07.2010 [Amsterdam]: Elsevier Science Elsevier
Predmet:	Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Arctostaphylos patula Biological and medical sciences canopy dry environmental conditions Emergence Failure forest ecosystems forest regeneration Forestry Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology interspecific variation light intensity Litter Microhabitat Microhabitats mountains Nevada Nurse plant Pine Pinus jeffreyi Pinus lambertiana plant establishment Purshia tridentata Scatter hoarding seed development Seed dispersal seed germination seedling emergence Seedling establishment shade Shades shrubs Sierra Nevada soil water species differences Sugars Survival symbionts Synecology Terrestrial ecosystems Trees viability Nevada USA, Nevada Microhabitat Seedling establishment Nurse plant Sierra Nevada Scatter hoarding Seed dispersal Pinus jeffreyi Pinus lambertiana Germination Plant juvenile growth stage Forest ecology Physical environment Microenvironment Dispersion Mountain Dissemination Softwood forest tree Gymnospermae Forestry Coniferales Habitat Spermatophyta Developmental stage Pinus jejfreyi
ISSN:	0378-1127, 1872-7042
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Abstract	Mature shrubs can provide microhabitats that are beneficial to tree seedling growth and development. Sugar pine trees ( Pinus lambertiana) grow in a narrow zone on the eastern slope of the Carson Range in extreme western Nevada, whereas Jeffrey pine ( Pinus jeffreyi) is the dominant tree species in the region, an area extensively disturbed by wild fire. This study compares seedling establishment of sugar pine and Jeffrey pine relative to mature shrubs. In the fall of 2002 (cohort 1) and 2003 (cohort 2), 13,600 seeds of both species were planted in wire mesh enclosures, at three sites, under a variety of microhabitat treatments: under shade and in the open, under two species of shrub cover, and with and without plant litter. Seedlings were monitored for survival through two growing seasons. Even though more sugar pine seedlings emerged, more Jeffrey pine seedlings survived, and Jeffrey pine was the more drought tolerant species, better suited for the xeric climate found in the Carson Range. Litter slightly hindered seedling emergence but had no effect on survival and there was no significant species × litter interaction. Supplemental water facilitated survival in all treatments with highest survival in shade treatments. Sugar pine seedlings showed a significant increase in survival over Jeffrey pine seedlings with the addition of water, particularly in open treatments and more of both species survived under manzanita shrubs with water. The highest seedling mortality occurred when shrub canopy was removed, and seedlings experienced the effect of full sun and competition for soil water. For either species, microhabitat is a significant factor in determining success or failure in rehabilitation efforts after disturbance.
AbstractList	Mature shrubs can provide microhabitats that are beneficial to tree seedling growth and development. Sugar pine trees ( Pinus lambertiana) grow in a narrow zone on the eastern slope of the Carson Range in extreme western Nevada, whereas Jeffrey pine ( Pinus jeffreyi) is the dominant tree species in the region, an area extensively disturbed by wild fire. This study compares seedling establishment of sugar pine and Jeffrey pine relative to mature shrubs. In the fall of 2002 (cohort 1) and 2003 (cohort 2), 13,600 seeds of both species were planted in wire mesh enclosures, at three sites, under a variety of microhabitat treatments: under shade and in the open, under two species of shrub cover, and with and without plant litter. Seedlings were monitored for survival through two growing seasons. Even though more sugar pine seedlings emerged, more Jeffrey pine seedlings survived, and Jeffrey pine was the more drought tolerant species, better suited for the xeric climate found in the Carson Range. Litter slightly hindered seedling emergence but had no effect on survival and there was no significant species × litter interaction. Supplemental water facilitated survival in all treatments with highest survival in shade treatments. Sugar pine seedlings showed a significant increase in survival over Jeffrey pine seedlings with the addition of water, particularly in open treatments and more of both species survived under manzanita shrubs with water. The highest seedling mortality occurred when shrub canopy was removed, and seedlings experienced the effect of full sun and competition for soil water. For either species, microhabitat is a significant factor in determining success or failure in rehabilitation efforts after disturbance. Mature shrubs can provide microhabitats that are beneficial to tree seedling growth and development. Sugar pine trees (Pinus lambertiana) grow in a narrow zone on the eastern slope of the Carson Range in extreme western Nevada, whereas Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) is the dominant tree species in the region, an area extensively disturbed by wild fire. This study compares seedling establishment of sugar pine and Jeffrey pine relative to mature shrubs. In the fall of 2002 (cohort 1) and 2003 (cohort 2), 13,600 seeds of both species were planted in wire mesh enclosures, at three sites, under a variety of microhabitat treatments: under shade and in the open, under two species of shrub cover, and with and without plant litter. Seedlings were monitored for survival through two growing seasons. Even though more sugar pine seedlings emerged, more Jeffrey pine seedlings survived, and Jeffrey pine was the more drought tolerant species, better suited for the xeric climate found in the Carson Range. Litter slightly hindered seedling emergence but had no effect on survival and there was no significant speciesA-litter interaction. Supplemental water facilitated survival in all treatments with highest survival in shade treatments. Sugar pine seedlings showed a significant increase in survival over Jeffrey pine seedlings with the addition of water, particularly in open treatments and more of both species survived under manzanita shrubs with water. The highest seedling mortality occurred when shrub canopy was removed, and seedlings experienced the effect of full sun and competition for soil water. For either species, microhabitat is a significant factor in determining success or failure in rehabilitation efforts after disturbance. Mature shrubs can provide microhabitats that are beneficial to tree seedling growth and development. Sugar pine trees (Pinus lambertiana) grow in a narrow zone on the eastern slope of the Carson Range in extreme western Nevada, whereas Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) is the dominant tree species in the region, an area extensively disturbed by wild fire. This study compares seedling establishment of sugar pine and Jeffrey pine relative to mature shrubs. In the fall of 2002 (cohort 1) and 2003 (cohort 2), 13,600 seeds of both species were planted in wire mesh enclosures, at three sites, under a variety of microhabitat treatments: under shade and in the open, under two species of shrub cover, and with and without plant litter. Seedlings were monitored for survival through two growing seasons. Even though more sugar pine seedlings emerged, more Jeffrey pine seedlings survived, and Jeffrey pine was the more drought tolerant species, better suited for the xeric climate found in the Carson Range. Litter slightly hindered seedling emergence but had no effect on survival and there was no significant species×litter interaction. Supplemental water facilitated survival in all treatments with highest survival in shade treatments. Sugar pine seedlings showed a significant increase in survival over Jeffrey pine seedlings with the addition of water, particularly in open treatments and more of both species survived under manzanita shrubs with water. The highest seedling mortality occurred when shrub canopy was removed, and seedlings experienced the effect of full sun and competition for soil water. For either species, microhabitat is a significant factor in determining success or failure in rehabilitation efforts after disturbance.
Author	Vander Wall, Stephen B. Board, David I. Legras, Elaine C.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Elaine C. surname: Legras fullname: Legras, Elaine C. organization: Department of Biology and the Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno 89557, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Stephen B. surname: Vander Wall fullname: Vander Wall, Stephen B. email: sv@unr.edu organization: Department of Biology and the Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno 89557, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: David I. surname: Board fullname: Board, David I. organization: Forest Science Laboratory, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 920 Valley Road, Reno, NV 89512, USA
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Keywords	Microhabitat Seedling establishment Nurse plant Sierra Nevada Scatter hoarding Seed dispersal Pinus jeffreyi Pinus lambertiana Germination Plant juvenile growth stage Forest ecology Physical environment Microenvironment Dispersion Mountain Dissemination Softwood forest tree Gymnospermae Forestry Coniferales Habitat Spermatophyta Developmental stage Pinus jejfreyi
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Snippet	Mature shrubs can provide microhabitats that are beneficial to tree seedling growth and development. Sugar pine trees ( Pinus lambertiana) grow in a narrow... Mature shrubs can provide microhabitats that are beneficial to tree seedling growth and development. Sugar pine trees (Pinus lambertiana) grow in a narrow zone...
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SubjectTerms	Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Arctostaphylos patula Biological and medical sciences canopy dry environmental conditions Emergence Failure forest ecosystems forest regeneration Forestry Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology interspecific variation light intensity Litter Microhabitat Microhabitats mountains Nevada Nurse plant Pine Pinus jeffreyi Pinus lambertiana plant establishment Purshia tridentata Scatter hoarding seed development Seed dispersal seed germination seedling emergence Seedling establishment shade Shades shrubs Sierra Nevada soil water species differences Sugars Survival symbionts Synecology Terrestrial ecosystems Trees viability
Title	The role of germination microsite in the establishment of sugar pine and Jeffrey pine seedlings
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