AI Perspectives in Smart Cities and Communities to Enable Road Vehicle Automation and Smart Traffic Control

Smart cities and communities (SCC) constitute a new paradigm in urban development. SCC ideate a data-centered society aimed at improving efficiency by automating and optimizing activities and utilities. Information and communication technology along with Internet of Things enables data collection an...

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Vydané v:	Smart cities (Basel) Ročník 4; číslo 2; s. 783 - 802
Hlavní autori:	Englund, Cristofer, Aksoy, Eren Erdal, Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando, Cooney, Martin Daniel, Pashami, Sepideh, Åstrand, Björn
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Basel MDPI AG 2021
Predmet:	Advanced driver assistance systems Annotations Artificial intelligence Automation Automobile safety Business operations Business services COVID-19 Data collection driver modeling Energy consumption Energy efficiency Fatalities Industrial plant emissions Internet of Things perception Renewable resources Situational awareness Smart cities smart traffic control Standardization Traffic accidents & safety Traffic control Traffic models Trends Urban development Utilities Europe
ISSN:	2624-6511, 2624-6511
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Abstract	Smart cities and communities (SCC) constitute a new paradigm in urban development. SCC ideate a data-centered society aimed at improving efficiency by automating and optimizing activities and utilities. Information and communication technology along with Internet of Things enables data collection and with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) situation awareness can be obtained to feed the SCC actors with enriched knowledge. This paper describes AI perspectives in SCC and gives an overview of AI-based technologies used in traffic to enable road vehicle automation and smart traffic control. Perception, smart traffic control and driver modeling are described along with open research challenges and standardization to help introduce advanced driver assistance systems and automated vehicle functionality in traffic. To fully realize the potential of SCC, to create a holistic view on a city level, availability of data from different stakeholders is necessary. Further, though AI technologies provide accurate predictions and classifications, there is an ambiguity regarding the correctness of their outputs. This can make it difficult for the human operator to trust the system. Today there are no methods that can be used to match function requirements with the level of detail in data annotation in order to train an accurate model. Another challenge related to trust is explainability: models can have difficulty explaining how they came to certain conclusions, so it is difficult for humans to trust them.
AbstractList	Smart cities and communities (SCC) constitute a new paradigm in urban development. SCC ideate a data-centered society aimed at improving efficiency by automating and optimizing activities and utilities. Information and communication technology along with Internet of Things enables data collection and with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) situation awareness can be obtained to feed the SCC actors with enriched knowledge. This paper describes AI perspectives in SCC and gives an overview of AI-based technologies used in traffic to enable road vehicle automation and smart traffic control. Perception, smart traffic control and driver modeling are described along with open research challenges and standardization to help introduce advanced driver assistance systems and automated vehicle functionality in traffic. To fully realize the potential of SCC, to create a holistic view on a city level, availability of data from different stakeholders is necessary. Further, though AI technologies provide accurate predictions and classifications, there is an ambiguity regarding the correctness of their outputs. This can make it difficult for the human operator to trust the system. Today there are no methods that can be used to match function requirements with the level of detail in data annotation in order to train an accurate model. Another challenge related to trust is explainability: models can have difficulty explaining how they came to certain conclusions, so it is difficult for humans to trust them. Smart Cities and Communities (SCC) constitute a new paradigm in urban development. SCC ideates on a data-centered society aiming at improving efficiency by automating and optimizing activities and utilities. Information and communication technology along with internet of things enables data collection and with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) situation awareness can be obtained to feed the SCC actors with enriched knowledge. This paper describes AI perspectives in SCC and gives an overview of AI-based technologies used in traffic to enable road vehicle automation and smart traffic control. Perception, Smart Traffic Control and Driver Modelling are described along with open research challenges and standardization to help introduce advanced driver assistance systems and automated vehicle functionality in traffic. To fully realize the potential of SCC, to create a holistic view on a city level, the availability of data from different stakeholders is need. Further, though AI technologies provide accurate predictions and classifications there is an ambiguity regarding the correctness of their outputs. This can make it difficult for the human operator to trust the system. Today there are no methods that can be used to match function requirements with the level of detail in data annotation in order to train an accurate model. Another challenge related to trust is explainability, while the models have difficulties explaining how they come to a certain conclusions it is difficult for humans to trust it. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Author	Aksoy, Eren Erdal Åstrand, Björn Englund, Cristofer Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando Cooney, Martin Daniel Pashami, Sepideh
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Cristofer orcidid: 0000-0002-1043-8773 surname: Englund fullname: Englund, Cristofer – sequence: 2 givenname: Eren Erdal orcidid: 0000-0002-5712-6777 surname: Aksoy fullname: Aksoy, Eren Erdal – sequence: 3 givenname: Fernando orcidid: 0000-0002-1400-346X surname: Alonso-Fernandez fullname: Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando – sequence: 4 givenname: Martin Daniel orcidid: 0000-0002-4998-1685 surname: Cooney fullname: Cooney, Martin Daniel – sequence: 5 givenname: Sepideh orcidid: 0000-0003-3272-4145 surname: Pashami fullname: Pashami, Sepideh – sequence: 6 givenname: Björn surname: Åstrand fullname: Åstrand, Björn
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Title	AI Perspectives in Smart Cities and Communities to Enable Road Vehicle Automation and Smart Traffic Control
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