Titanium: a review on exposure, release, penetration, allergy, epidemiology, and clinical reactivity

Summary Exposure to titanium (Ti) from implants and from personal care products as nanoparticles (NPs) is common. This article reviews exposure sources, ion release, skin penetration, allergenic effects, and diagnostic possibilities. We conclude that human exposure to Ti mainly derives from dental a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Contact dermatitis Vol. 74; no. 6; pp. 323 - 345
Main Authors:	Fage, Simon W., Muris, Joris, Jakobsen, Stig S., Thyssen, Jacob P.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.06.2016 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects:	Alloys Bone Plates Bone Screws contact allergy corrosion Cosmetics Cosmetics industry Dental Implants dermatitis Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - epidemiology Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - etiology Food Humans hypersensitivity Jewelry lymphocyte transformation test Mucous Membrane - metabolism Pacemaker, Artificial patch test Patch Tests penetration Personal care industry Prostheses and Implants release Skin - metabolism Stents titanium Titanium - adverse effects Titanium - metabolism toxicity contact allergy toxicity corrosion dermatitis hypersensitivity penetration release titanium patch test lymphocyte transformation test
ISSN:	0105-1873, 1600-0536
Online Access:	Get full text
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