Titanium: a review on exposure, release, penetration, allergy, epidemiology, and clinical reactivity
Summary Exposure to titanium (Ti) from implants and from personal care products as nanoparticles (NPs) is common. This article reviews exposure sources, ion release, skin penetration, allergenic effects, and diagnostic possibilities. We conclude that human exposure to Ti mainly derives from dental a...
Uloženo v:
| Vydáno v: | Contact dermatitis Ročník 74; číslo 6; s. 323 - 345 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autoři: | , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.06.2016
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 0105-1873, 1600-0536 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
| Tagy: |
Přidat tag
Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!
|
| Abstract | Summary
Exposure to titanium (Ti) from implants and from personal care products as nanoparticles (NPs) is common. This article reviews exposure sources, ion release, skin penetration, allergenic effects, and diagnostic possibilities. We conclude that human exposure to Ti mainly derives from dental and medical implants, personal care products, and foods. Despite being considered to be highly biocompatible relative to other metals, Ti is released in the presence of biological fluids and tissue, especially under certain circumstances, which seem to be more likely with regard to dental implants. Although most of the studies reviewed have important limitations, Ti seems not to penetrate a competent skin barrier, either as pure Ti, alloy, or as Ti oxide NPs. However, there are some indications of Ti penetration through the oral mucosa. We conclude that patch testing with the available Ti preparations for detection of type IV hypersensitivity is currently inadequate for Ti. Although several other methods for contact allergy detection have been suggested, including lymphocyte stimulation tests, none has yet been generally accepted, and the diagnosis of Ti allergy is therefore still based primarily on clinical evaluation. Reports on clinical allergy and adverse events have rarely been published. Whether this is because of unawareness of possible adverse reactions to this specific metal, difficulties in detection methods, or the metal actually being relatively safe to use, is still unresolved. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Exposure to titanium (Ti) from implants and from personal care products as nanoparticles (
NPs
) is common. This article reviews exposure sources, ion release, skin penetration, allergenic effects, and diagnostic possibilities. We conclude that human exposure to Ti mainly derives from dental and medical implants, personal care products, and foods. Despite being considered to be highly biocompatible relative to other metals, Ti is released in the presence of biological fluids and tissue, especially under certain circumstances, which seem to be more likely with regard to dental implants. Although most of the studies reviewed have important limitations, Ti seems not to penetrate a competent skin barrier, either as pure Ti, alloy, or as Ti oxide
NPs
. However, there are some indications of Ti penetration through the oral mucosa. We conclude that patch testing with the available Ti preparations for detection of type
IV
hypersensitivity is currently inadequate for Ti. Although several other methods for contact allergy detection have been suggested, including lymphocyte stimulation tests, none has yet been generally accepted, and the diagnosis of Ti allergy is therefore still based primarily on clinical evaluation. Reports on clinical allergy and adverse events have rarely been published. Whether this is because of unawareness of possible adverse reactions to this specific metal, difficulties in detection methods, or the metal actually being relatively safe to use, is still unresolved. Exposure to titanium (Ti) from implants and from personal care products as nanoparticles (NPs) is common. This article reviews exposure sources, ion release, skin penetration, allergenic effects, and diagnostic possibilities. We conclude that human exposure to Ti mainly derives from dental and medical implants, personal care products, and foods. Despite being considered to be highly biocompatible relative to other metals, Ti is released in the presence of biological fluids and tissue, especially under certain circumstances, which seem to be more likely with regard to dental implants. Although most of the studies reviewed have important limitations, Ti seems not to penetrate a competent skin barrier, either as pure Ti, alloy, or as Ti oxide NPs. However, there are some indications of Ti penetration through the oral mucosa. We conclude that patch testing with the available Ti preparations for detection of type IV hypersensitivity is currently inadequate for Ti. Although several other methods for contact allergy detection have been suggested, including lymphocyte stimulation tests, none has yet been generally accepted, and the diagnosis of Ti allergy is therefore still based primarily on clinical evaluation. Reports on clinical allergy and adverse events have rarely been published. Whether this is because of unawareness of possible adverse reactions to this specific metal, difficulties in detection methods, or the metal actually being relatively safe to use, is still unresolved. Summary Exposure to titanium (Ti) from implants and from personal care products as nanoparticles (NPs) is common. This article reviews exposure sources, ion release, skin penetration, allergenic effects, and diagnostic possibilities. We conclude that human exposure to Ti mainly derives from dental and medical implants, personal care products, and foods. Despite being considered to be highly biocompatible relative to other metals, Ti is released in the presence of biological fluids and tissue, especially under certain circumstances, which seem to be more likely with regard to dental implants. Although most of the studies reviewed have important limitations, Ti seems not to penetrate a competent skin barrier, either as pure Ti, alloy, or as Ti oxide NPs. However, there are some indications of Ti penetration through the oral mucosa. We conclude that patch testing with the available Ti preparations for detection of type IV hypersensitivity is currently inadequate for Ti. Although several other methods for contact allergy detection have been suggested, including lymphocyte stimulation tests, none has yet been generally accepted, and the diagnosis of Ti allergy is therefore still based primarily on clinical evaluation. Reports on clinical allergy and adverse events have rarely been published. Whether this is because of unawareness of possible adverse reactions to this specific metal, difficulties in detection methods, or the metal actually being relatively safe to use, is still unresolved. Summary Exposure to titanium (Ti) from implants and from personal care products as nanoparticles (NPs) is common. This article reviews exposure sources, ion release, skin penetration, allergenic effects, and diagnostic possibilities. We conclude that human exposure to Ti mainly derives from dental and medical implants, personal care products, and foods. Despite being considered to be highly biocompatible relative to other metals, Ti is released in the presence of biological fluids and tissue, especially under certain circumstances, which seem to be more likely with regard to dental implants. Although most of the studies reviewed have important limitations, Ti seems not to penetrate a competent skin barrier, either as pure Ti, alloy, or as Ti oxide NPs. However, there are some indications of Ti penetration through the oral mucosa. We conclude that patch testing with the available Ti preparations for detection of type IV hypersensitivity is currently inadequate for Ti. Although several other methods for contact allergy detection have been suggested, including lymphocyte stimulation tests, none has yet been generally accepted, and the diagnosis of Ti allergy is therefore still based primarily on clinical evaluation. Reports on clinical allergy and adverse events have rarely been published. Whether this is because of unawareness of possible adverse reactions to this specific metal, difficulties in detection methods, or the metal actually being relatively safe to use, is still unresolved. |
| Author | Muris, Joris Fage, Simon W. Jakobsen, Stig S. Thyssen, Jacob P. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Simon W. surname: Fage fullname: Fage, Simon W. organization: Department of Dermato-Venereology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark – sequence: 2 givenname: Joris surname: Muris fullname: Muris, Joris organization: Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 LA, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, Amsterdam, The Netherlands – sequence: 3 givenname: Stig S. surname: Jakobsen fullname: Jakobsen, Stig S. organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark – sequence: 4 givenname: Jacob P. surname: Thyssen fullname: Thyssen, Jacob P. email: jacob.p.thyssen@regionh.dk organization: National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27027398$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp9kU9vFCEYh4mpsdvWg1_ATOJFk50WhgFmvemqVbOxatZ4JMC8Y6gMjDDTdr-9bLftoUnLhT95njfk9ztAez54QOgFwcckrxMT2mNSMc6eoBnhGJeYUb6HZphgVpJG0H10kNI5xoTXVfMM7VcCV4Iumhlq13ZU3k7920IVES4sXBbBF3A1hDRFmOc3ByrlwwAexqhGG_y8UM5B_LOZFzDYFnobXNjelG8L46y3RrlsKjPaCztujtDTTrkEz2_2Q_Tr08f18nO5Ojv9sny3Kk3NBCu54PWCYk254ly3hhGslVjUHVOM1JUhGnctp7zpBDBNOOCmZbXiWpiu1ZrTQ_R6N3eI4d8EaZS9TQacUx7ClCQRDWdV3VQso6_uoedhij7_bksx3lSY1Jl6eUNNuodWDtH2Km7kbX4ZeLMDTAwpRejuEILlthuZu5HX3WT25B5rcvbbPHOs1j1mXFoHm4dHy-XZh1uj3Bk2jXB1Z6j4V3JBBZO_v53K9WL14-v391T-pP8BNvut_w |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tox_2017_10_014 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mtchem_2022_101095 crossref_primary_10_1080_17435390_2017_1398356 crossref_primary_10_1134_S1990519X23050073 crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_5592934 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_68057_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13762_018_1960_z crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_44307 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apsusc_2021_149739 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph15010104 crossref_primary_10_3390_biomedicines11020277 crossref_primary_10_3389_fbioe_2020_631616 crossref_primary_10_1111_pde_14826 crossref_primary_10_1088_1748_605X_ac6470 crossref_primary_10_1111_cod_12649 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dental_2020_10_007 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10266_018_0387_9 crossref_primary_10_1161_ATVBAHA_121_316358 crossref_primary_10_1080_02688697_2021_1888875 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12951_022_01351_7 crossref_primary_10_1002_jbm_b_34267 crossref_primary_10_1111_clr_13576 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jallcom_2017_05_079 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpor_2019_04_011 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma13183914 crossref_primary_10_1089_derm_2023_0424 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_asjsur_2021_05_033 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2019_125205 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00784_020_03235_2 crossref_primary_10_1093_mtomcs_mfac002 crossref_primary_10_5761_atcs_cr_18_00031 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matdes_2019_108161 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msec_2016_12_098 crossref_primary_10_1080_02713683_2024_2421932 crossref_primary_10_1136_bcr_2020_240275 crossref_primary_10_1111_cod_70021 crossref_primary_10_3390_app11146315 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_actbio_2025_01_020 crossref_primary_10_1080_10667857_2016_1220752 crossref_primary_10_1097_DER_0000000000000744 crossref_primary_10_1088_1748_605X_ad0476 crossref_primary_10_3390_coatings12020214 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaad_2019_09_085 crossref_primary_10_1111_clr_13685 crossref_primary_10_18321_ectj1077 crossref_primary_10_1002_jbm_b_35443 crossref_primary_10_15420_aer_2022_23 crossref_primary_10_3390_biology9110404 crossref_primary_10_1053_j_jfas_2018_11_031 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00105_018_4184_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12012_025_09960_y crossref_primary_10_1186_s40729_019_0162_x crossref_primary_10_1177_0021955X231215762 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dental_2020_08_012 crossref_primary_10_1007_s15007_023_6203_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s00402_019_03203_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_joms_2023_09_022 crossref_primary_10_3390_dj11110263 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10237_018_1015_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clinimag_2018_07_003 crossref_primary_10_1111_cod_12862 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jdsr_2021_09_001 crossref_primary_10_1111_cod_12985 crossref_primary_10_3390_coatings15050599 crossref_primary_10_3390_nano10102065 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bprint_2025_e00406 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clinimag_2019_05_014 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajoc_2020_100606 crossref_primary_10_3390_bioengineering10070877 crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm10081641 crossref_primary_10_1111_cod_14481 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_022_24214_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s00113_016_0309_7 crossref_primary_10_3390_app11156776 crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_food_041715_033338 crossref_primary_10_3897_folmed_67_e152720 crossref_primary_10_1111_cod_13666 crossref_primary_10_3390_nano11051159 crossref_primary_10_1111_cod_13940 crossref_primary_10_1111_cod_13668 crossref_primary_10_3389_fbioe_2022_996195 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma13122829 crossref_primary_10_1111_ner_13332 crossref_primary_10_3390_met12111979 crossref_primary_10_3390_polym15153186 crossref_primary_10_25259_SNI_1139_2021 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_68266_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tiv_2024_105913 crossref_primary_10_1111_jdv_20026 crossref_primary_10_1111_clr_13305 crossref_primary_10_1055_s_0042_1748762 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpor_2017_11_002 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cej_2021_134451 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms241210101 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_colsurfa_2025_137497 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecoenv_2020_110697 crossref_primary_10_1038_modpathol_2017_152 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpor_2018_03_003 crossref_primary_10_1111_cod_14620 crossref_primary_10_1111_cod_13010 crossref_primary_10_1039_C6MT00110F crossref_primary_10_1055_a_1975_0687 crossref_primary_10_1155_2019_2519205 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_reprotox_2016_10_006 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nxmate_2025_101129 crossref_primary_10_1080_10717544_2021_1998246 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40824_022_00326_x crossref_primary_10_1093_function_zqab003 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma10010052 crossref_primary_10_1002_adma_201703704 crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules26072094 crossref_primary_10_1111_cid_13009 crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_34929 crossref_primary_10_1155_2017_6092895 crossref_primary_10_1177_20417314211041428 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00170_024_14938_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10006_024_01310_6 crossref_primary_10_1088_1748_605X_ac65cd crossref_primary_10_3390_dj8040127 crossref_primary_10_1111_cod_14291 crossref_primary_10_1002_osi2_1001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ophtha_2023_10_009 crossref_primary_10_3390_jfb15010005 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tox_2018_05_010 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmech_2024_1360743 crossref_primary_10_1631_jzus_B1600517 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fct_2020_111770 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41368_023_00256_x crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm8081259 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40521_016_0101_5 crossref_primary_10_1111_cod_14564 crossref_primary_10_3390_jfb12040062 crossref_primary_10_1089_derm_2023_0282 crossref_primary_10_1111_clr_13112 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_toxlet_2021_07_004 crossref_primary_10_1002_jbm_b_35017 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12016_018_8707_y crossref_primary_10_2106_JBJS_JOPA_19_00039 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma16010081 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbrc_2022_12_088 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmst_2023_09_016 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40629_023_00276_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jormas_2022_10_023 crossref_primary_10_3390_dj13090382 crossref_primary_10_3390_bioengineering10080914 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmbbm_2020_103744 crossref_primary_10_1111_ans_19167 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms17122063 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma15217476 crossref_primary_10_1097_DER_0000000000000805 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1991.tb05746.x 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.01966.x 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2006.00931.x 10.1002/jbm.a.32625 10.1016/S1044-5803(02)00341-8 10.1302/0301-620X.89B5.18903 10.1177/10454411910020010301 10.1007/s004020050272 10.1016/S0169-409X(02)00120-5 10.5435/00124635-200902000-00003 10.1159/000237456 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.440409-13.x 10.1007/s00204-015-1564-z 10.1053/j.jfas.2015.06.021 10.1002/smll.200800798 10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.05.014 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1985.tb01089.x 10.1023/A:1021505621388 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb08276.x 10.1302/0301-620X.78B4.0780546 10.1186/1749-799X-8-12 10.1136/ard.39.5.476 10.1007/s00402-003-0614-9 10.5772/55353 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.450417.x 10.1016/j.dental.2004.02.008 10.1001/archderm.144.8.999 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1980.tb05601.x 10.4012/dmj.2011-031 10.3109/00016359509005948 10.1016/j.prosdent.2013.04.004 10.1002/jbm.a.32914 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.005 10.1111/exd.12121 10.1016/0305-0491(86)90291-9 10.1002/jbm.b.32949 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2006.00535.x 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.11.004 10.1002/jor.1100150510 10.1111/j.1467-2494.1997.tb00175.x 10.1016/j.arth.2004.09.012 10.1054/ijom.2000.0039 10.1186/1743-8977-9-15 10.1136/bmj.4.5993.376 10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.12.034 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb01981.x 10.1016/j.tox.2004.12.015 10.1039/b006285p 10.1302/0301-620X.88B4.17333 10.1016/j.msec.2014.06.033 10.1016/0003-9969(71)90178-6 10.1002/jbm.a.31415 10.2147/CCIDE.S35170 10.1111/cod.12434 10.1097/00003086-199605000-00008 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00690.x 10.1902/jop.2006.050406 10.1159/000056396 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1981.tb00408.x 10.1007/978-94-017-8739-0_1 10.1007/s13191-012-0139-4 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.05.020 10.2340/0001555558245250 10.1093/europace/eup411 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2002.tb00331.x 10.2131/jts.35.107 10.2106/00004623-200103000-00017 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb02089.x 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1981.tb04094.x 10.1016/0003-9969(69)90082-X 10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00040-0 10.3181/0810-RM-304 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1984.tb00986.x 10.1073/pnas.1008155107 10.2340/0001555559447451 10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00099-5 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.032 10.1248/bpb.b12-00103 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.052 10.1155/2013/539834 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.02.028 10.1002/smll.201201789 10.1097/00003086-199605000-00009 10.4012/dmj.21.83 10.1046/j.1467-2494.1999.211924.x 10.1007/BF02967485 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.11.038 10.1371/journal.pone.0093377 10.1054/jcms.2002.0286 10.1111/j.1467-2494.1997.tb00180.x 10.1111/cod.12127 10.2478/s13382-012-0029-3 10.1007/s00264-009-0729-x 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04162.x 10.1111/cod.12024 10.3390/ijerph120809282 10.1097/00003086-199901000-00021 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.03.046 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12598596 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.064 10.1046/j.1467-2494.2000.00009.x 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.02.021 10.2106/00004623-199905000-00002 10.1097/01.blo.0000150451.50452.da 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.01.079 10.2106/JBJS.J.00317 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318141f723 10.1371/journal.pone.0048719 10.1002/jbm.820251204 10.1159/000235554 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199606)31:2<227::AID-JBM9>3.0.CO;2-P 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01544.x 10.1021/es204168d 10.1093/toxsci/kfr148 10.1016/S0142-9612(99)00235-5 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01181.x 10.1002/1097-4636(20010905)56:3<427::AID-JBM1112>3.0.CO;2-E 10.2186/jjps.52.501 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04815.x 10.1016/S0278-2391(98)90439-6 10.1016/S0002-9610(98)00197-4 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1980.tb05593.x 10.1302/0301-620X.73B4.2071635 10.1016/S0142-9612(97)00146-4 10.1111/j.1875-595X.1999.tb00538.x 10.4236/health.2010.24045 10.1007/s10534-012-9570-6 10.1302/0301-620X.81B1.8884 10.1016/S0022-3913(08)60233-4 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.05.022 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10144.x 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01886.x 10.1111/j.1440-0960.1996.tb01050.x 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.10.089 10.1177/154405910508400102 10.1007/s10856-008-3432-3 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.08.008 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.05.028 10.1002/jbm.b.30445 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00188-1 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.056008767.x 10.2106/00004623-199173100-00005 10.1093/toxsci/kfq041 10.1054/arth.2000.6632 10.1016/S0142-9612(98)00065-9 10.1177/0022034510396880 10.1007/s10856-009-3850-x 10.1097/DER.0000000000000091 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2004.01053.x 10.3109/17435390.2014.921343 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2012.02097.x 10.4012/dmj.20.305 10.1002/jbm.a.32507 10.1302/0301-620X.92B5.23452 10.1002/1097-4636(200009)53:5<480::AID-JBM6>3.0.CO;2-B 10.2106/00004623-199810000-00006 10.1021/es8032549 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.02.051 10.1111/jopr.12136 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1985.tb02581.x 10.3109/17435390.2011.580863 10.1016/0142-9612(86)90097-9 10.1117/1.2138017 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.02.005 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00683.x 10.1016/S0901-5027(05)80045-1 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.07.023 10.1016/0142-9612(86)90085-2 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00473.x 10.2310/6620.2011.11035 10.2106/00004623-197759020-00004 10.1159/000066249 10.1002/jor.1100010411 10.1016/S0022-3913(12)60163-2 10.3109/02688697.2012.683464 10.1302/0301-620X.73B1.1991768 10.1016/0003-4975(94)90228-3 10.1159/000096167 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd – notice: 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
| DBID | BSCLL AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7T5 H94 7U8 7X8 C1K JXQ |
| DOI | 10.1111/cod.12565 |
| DatabaseName | Istex CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Immunology Abstracts AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts TOXLINE MEDLINE - Academic Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management Toxline |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Immunology Abstracts TOXLINE MEDLINE - Academic Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management |
| DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef TOXLINE MEDLINE AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1600-0536 |
| EndPage | 345 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 4041018831 27027398 10_1111_cod_12565 COD12565 ark_67375_WNG_T9LQJPB3_R |
| Genre | reviewArticle Journal Article Review |
| GroupedDBID | --- .3N .55 .GA .GJ .Y3 05W 0R~ 10A 1CY 1OB 1OC 29F 31~ 33P 36B 3O- 3SF 4.4 50Y 50Z 51W 51X 52M 52N 52O 52P 52R 52S 52T 52U 52V 52W 52X 53G 5GY 5HH 5LA 5RE 5VS 66C 6J9 702 7PT 8-0 8-1 8-3 8-4 8-5 8UM 930 A01 A03 AAESR AAEVG AAHQN AAIPD AAKAS AAMMB AAMNL AANHP AANLZ AAONW AASGY AAXRX AAYCA AAZKR ABCQN ABCUV ABDBF ABEML ABHFT ABJNI ABPVW ABQWH ABXGK ACAHQ ACBWZ ACCZN ACGFO ACGFS ACGOF ACMXC ACPOU ACPRK ACRPL ACSCC ACUHS ACXBN ACXQS ACYXJ ADBTR ADEOM ADIZJ ADKYN ADMGS ADNMO ADOZA ADXAS ADZCM ADZMN AEFGJ AEIGN AEIMD AENEX AEUYR AEYWJ AFBPY AFEBI AFFNX AFFPM AFGKR AFWVQ AFZJQ AGHNM AGQPQ AGXDD AGYGG AHBTC AHEFC AIACR AIAGR AIDQK AIDYY AIQQE AITYG AIURR ALAGY ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQN ALVPJ AMBMR AMYDB ATUGU AZBYB AZVAB BAFTC BDRZF BFHJK BHBCM BMXJE BROTX BRXPI BSCLL BY8 C45 CAG COF CS3 CYRXZ D-6 D-7 D-E D-F DC6 DCZOG DPXWK DR2 DRFUL DRMAN DRSTM DU5 EAD EAP EBC EBD EBS EJD EMB EMK EMOBN ESX EX3 F00 F01 F04 F5P FEDTE FUBAC FZ0 G-S G.N GODZA H.X HF~ HGLYW HVGLF HZI HZ~ IHE IX1 J0M K48 KBYEO LATKE LC2 LC3 LEEKS LH4 LITHE LMP LOXES LP6 LP7 LUTES LW6 LYRES MEWTI MK4 MRFUL MRMAN MRSTM MSFUL MSMAN MSSTM MXFUL MXMAN MXSTM N04 N05 N9A NF~ O66 O9- OIG OVD P2P P2W P2X P2Z P4B P4D PALCI PQQKQ Q.N Q11 QB0 R.K RIWAO RJQFR ROL RX1 SAMSI SUPJJ SV3 TEORI TUS UB1 V8K V9Y W8V W99 WBKPD WHWMO WIH WIJ WIK WOHZO WOW WQJ WVDHM WXI WXSBR X7M XG1 YOC YUY ZGI ZXP ZZTAW ~IA ~WT AAHHS ACCFJ ADZOD AEEZP AEQDE AEUQT AFPWT AIWBW AJBDE WRC WUP AAYXX CITATION O8X CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7T5 H94 7U8 7X8 C1K JXQ |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c4575-6764930b36a66bdc510ba794f5a5142c1b0fd6368f7e5b16e08d54a6b7cfdbb63 |
| IEDL.DBID | DRFUL |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 163 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000375602700002&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 0105-1873 |
| IngestDate | Thu Jul 10 22:37:02 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 18:52:19 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 06:02:53 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:56:39 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 05:45:15 EST 2025 Wed Jan 22 16:49:10 EST 2025 Sun Sep 21 06:21:32 EDT 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 6 |
| Keywords | contact allergy toxicity corrosion dermatitis hypersensitivity penetration release titanium patch test lymphocyte transformation test |
| Language | English |
| License | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c4575-6764930b36a66bdc510ba794f5a5142c1b0fd6368f7e5b16e08d54a6b7cfdbb63 |
| Notes | ArticleID:COD12565 ark:/67375/WNG-T9LQJPB3-R istex:540AC9AFEEFE5293080AF73E0B657D8F0CF24624 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 |
| PMID | 27027398 |
| PQID | 1785682014 |
| PQPubID | 105341 |
| PageCount | 23 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_1786524825 proquest_journals_1785682014 pubmed_primary_27027398 crossref_primary_10_1111_cod_12565 crossref_citationtrail_10_1111_cod_12565 wiley_primary_10_1111_cod_12565_COD12565 istex_primary_ark_67375_WNG_T9LQJPB3_R |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | June 2016 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2016-06-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 06 year: 2016 text: June 2016 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Oxford, UK |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Oxford, UK – name: England – name: Malden |
| PublicationTitle | Contact dermatitis |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Contact Dermatitis |
| PublicationYear | 2016 |
| Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd – name: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| References | Hallab N, Jacobs J J, Black J. Hypersensitivity to metallic biomaterials: a review of leukocyte migration inhibition assays. Biomaterials 2000: 21: 1301-1314. Okazaki Y I, Gotoh E. Comparison of metal release from various metallic biomaterials in vitro. Biomaterials 2005: 26: 11-21. Müller K, Valentine-Thon E. Hypersensitivity to titanium: clinical and laboratory evidence. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2006: 27 (Suppl. 1): 31-35. Thomas P, Iglhaut G, Wollenberg A et al. Allergy or tolerance: reduced inflammatory cytokine response and concomitant IL-10 production of lymphocytes and monocytes in symptom-free titanium dental implant patients. Biomed Res Int 2013: 2013: 539834. Treves C, Martinesi M, Stio M et al. In vitro biocompatibility evaluation of surface-modified titanium alloys. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010: 92: 1623-1634. Teubl B J, Leitinger G, Schneider M et al. The buccal mucosa as a route for TiO2 nanoparticle uptake. Nanotoxicology 2015: 9: 253-261. Savarino L, Greco M, Cenni E et al. Differences in ion release after ceramic-on-ceramic and metal-on-metal total hip replacement. Medium-term follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2006: 88: 472-476. Haddad F S, Cobb A G, Bentley G et al. Hypersensitivity in aseptic loosening of total hip replacements. The role of constituents of bone cement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1996: 78: 546-549. Veien N K, Svejgaard E, Menné T. In vitro lymphocyte transformation to nickel: a study of nickel-sensitive patients before and after epicutaneous and oral challenge with nickel. Acta Derm Venereol 1979: 59: 447-451. Lim H P, Lee K M, Koh Y I, Park S W. Allergic contact stomatitis caused by a titanium nitride-coated implant abutment: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2012: 108: 209-213. Tolo K J. A study of permeability of gingival pocket epithelium to albumin in guinea pigs and Norwegian pigs. Arch Oral Biol 1971: 16: 881-888. Roblegg E, Fröhlich E, Meindl C et al. Evaluation of a physiological in vitro system to study the transport of nanoparticles through the buccal mucosa. Nanotoxicology 2012: 6: 399-413. Nakashima Y, Sun D H, Trindade M C et al. Signaling pathways for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 expression in human macrophages exposed to titanium-alloy particulate debris in vitro. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999: 81: 603-615. Brune D. Metal release from dental biomaterials. Biomaterials 1986: 7: 163-175. Gamer A O, Leibold E, van Ravenzwaay B. The in vitro absorption of microfine zinc oxide and titanium dioxide through porcine skin. Toxicol In Vitro 2006: 20: 301-307. Barão V A, Mathew M T, Yuan J C et al. Influence of corrosion on lipopolysaccharide affinity for two different titanium materials. J Prosthet Dent 2013: 110: 462-470. Monteiro-Riviere N A, Wiench K, Landsiedel R et al. Safety evaluation of sunscreen formulations containing titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in UVB sunburned skin: an in vitro and in vivo study. Toxicol Sci 2011: 123: 264-280. Peira E, Turci F, Corazzari I et al. The influence of surface charge and photo-reactivity on skin-permeation enhancer property of nano-TiO2 in ex vivo pig skin model under indoor light. Int J Pharm 2014: 467: 90-99. Bircher A J, Stern W B. Allergic contact dermatitis from 'titanium' spectacle frames. Contact Dermatitis 2001: 45: 244-245. Pflücker F, Hohenberg H, Hölzle E et al. The outermost stratum corneum layer is an effective barrier against dermal uptake of topically applied micronized titanium dioxide. Int J Cosmet Sci 1999: 21: 399-411. Karlberg A T, Börje A, Johansen J D et al. Activation of non-sensitizing or low-sensitizing fragrance substances into potent sensitizers - prehaptens and prohaptens. Contact Dermatitis 2013: 69: 323-334. Wood M M, Warshaw E M. Hypersensitivity reactions to titanium: diagnosis and management. Dermatitis 2015: 26: 7-25. Kręcisz B, Kieć-Świerczyńska M, Chomiczewska-Skóra D. Allergy to orthopedic metal implants - a prospective study. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2012: 25: 463-469. Joseph L A, Israel O K, Edet E J. Comparative evaluation of metal ion release from titanium and Ti-6Al-7Nb into bio-fluids. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2009: 6: 7-11. Mathew M T, Barão V A, Yuan J C et al. What is the role of lipopolysaccharide on the tribocorrosive behavior of titanium? J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012: 8: 71-85. Viraben R, Boulinguez S, Alba C. Granulomatous dermatitis after implantation of a titanium-containing pacemaker. Contact Dermatitis 1995: 33: 437. Long M, Rack H J. Titanium alloys in total joint replacement - a materials science perspective. Biomaterials 1998: 19: 1621-1639. Martinez M L, Anderson R C, Bundy K J, Dinh D H. Titanium metal release after posterior cervical spine plate placement in a canine model. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 1995: 5: 185-208. Iijima R, Ikari Y, Amiya E et al. The impact of metallic allergy on stent implantation: metal allergy and recurrence of in-stent restenosis. Int J Cardiol 2005: 104: 319-325. Adachi K, Yamada N, Yoshida Y, Yamamoto O. Subchronic exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to hairless rat skin. Exp Dermatol 2013: 22: 278-283. Hirayama T, Koike M, Kurogi T et al. Ion release from casts of commercially pure titanium in mixed solutions of organic acids contained in human saliva. Nihon Hotetsu Shika Gakkai Zasshi 2008: 52: 501-506. Lansdown A B, Taylor A. Zinc and titanium oxides: promising UV-absorbers but what influence do they have on the intact skin? Int J Cosmet Sci 1997: 19: 167-172. Senzui M, Tamura T, Miura K et al. Study on penetration of titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles into intact and damaged skin in vitro. J Toxicol Sci 2010: 35: 107-113. Schliephake H, Reiss G, Urban R et al. Metal release from titanium fixtures during placement in the mandible: an experimental study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1993: 8: 502-511. Novak N, Gros E, Bieber T, Allam J P. Human skin and oral mucosal dendritic cells as 'good guys' and 'bad guys' in allergic immune responses. Clin Exp Immunol 2010: 161: 28-33. Langford R J, Frame J W. Tissue changes adjacent to titanium plates in patients. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2002: 30: 103-107. Strietzel R, Hösch A, Kalbfleisch H, Buch D. In vitro corrosion of titanium. Biomaterials 1998: 19: 1495-1499. Jacobs J J, Silverton C, Hallab N J et al. Metal release and excretion from cementless titanium alloy total knee replacements. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1999: 358: 173-180. Noguti J, de Oliveira F, Peres R C et al. The role of fluoride on the process of titanium corrosion in oral cavity. Biometals 2012: 25: 859-862. Egusa H, Ko N, Shimazu T, Yatani H. Suspected association of an allergic reaction with titanium dental implants: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2008: 100: 344-347. Fors R, Stenberg B, Stenlund H, Persson M. Nickel allergy in relation to piercing and orthodontic appliances - a population study. Contact Dermatitis 2012: 67: 342-350. Merritt K, Brown S A. Metal sensitivity reactions to orthopedic implants. Int J Dermatol 1981: 20: 89-94. Thomas P, Bandl W D, Maier S et al. Hypersensitivity to titanium osteosynthesis with impaired fracture healing, eczema, and T-cell hyperresponsiveness in vitro: case report and review of the literature. Contact Dermatitis 2006: 55: 199-202. Matthew I, Frame J W. Allergic responses to titanium. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998: 56: 1466-1467. Hussain S, Smulders S, de Vooght V et al. Nano-titanium dioxide modulates the dermal sensitization potency of DNCB. Part Fibre Toxicol 2012: 9: 15. Mavon A, Miquel C, Lejeune O et al. In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo stratum corneum distribution of an organic and a mineral sunscreen. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2007: 20: 10-20. Huang H H, Chiu Y H, Lee T H et al. Ion release from NiTi orthodontic wires in artificial saliva with various acidities. Biomaterials 2003: 24: 3585-3592. Jacobs J J, Skipor A K, Patterson L M et al. Metal release in patients who have had a primary total hip arthroplasty. A prospective, controlled, longitudinal study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998: 80: 1447-1458. Sakamoto K, Ando K, Noma D. Metal allergy to titanium bars after the Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum. Ann Thorac Surg 2014: 98: 708-710. Yanagisawa R, Takano H, Inoue K et al. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles aggravate atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2009: 234: 314-322. Pan Z, Lee W, Slutsky L et al. Adverse effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on human dermal fibroblasts and how to protect cells. Small 2009: 5: 511-520. Nawaz F, Wall B M. Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome: suspected association with titanium bioprosthesis. Am J Med Sci 2007: 334: 215-218. Bennett S W, Zhou D, Mielke R, Keller A A. Photoinduced disaggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles enables transdermal penetration. PLoS One 2012: 7: e48719. Belohlavek J, Belohlavkova S, Hlubocky J et al. Severe allergic dermatitis after closure of foramen ovale with Amplatzer occluder. Ann Thorac Surg 2013: 96: e57-e59: doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.01.079. Newman M D, Stotland M, Ellis J I. The safety of nanosized particles in titanium dioxide- and zinc oxide-based sunscreens. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009: 61: 685-692. Wiesenthal A, Hunter L, Wang S et al. Nanoparticles: small and mighty. Int J Dermatol 2011: 50: 247-254. Pflücker F, Wendel V, Hohenberg H et al. The human stratum corneum layer: an effective barrier against dermal uptake of different forms of topically applied micronised titanium dioxide. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 2001: 14 (Suppl. 1): 92-97. Veien N K, Svejgaard E. Lymphocyte transformation in patients with cobalt dermatitis. BrJ Dermatol 1978: 99: 191-196. Bennat C, Müller-Goymann C C. Skin penetration and stabilization of formulations containing microfine titanium dioxide as physical UV filter. Int J Cosmet Sci 2000: 22: 271-283. Menezes L M, Campos L C, Quintão C C, Bolognese A M. Hypersensitivity to metals in orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004: 126: 58-64. Konttinen Y T, Zhao D, Beklen A et al. The microenvironment around total hip rep 2014; 811 2010; 12 2004; 20 2013; 69 1976; 67 2010; 107 2015; 73 2013; 68 2015; 72 2010; 106 1999; 49 1995; 33 2009; 234 1998; 80 2001; 44 2013; 8 2001; 45 2008; 100 2012; 12 2013; 5 2014; 23 2013; 9 1997; 7 1996; 78 1980; 39 2007; 334 2015; 89 2010; 21 1998; 19 2006; 20 1986; 83 2010; 24 1986; 7 2000; 125 1971; 16 2000; 15 2009; 91 2013; 2013 1991; 85 2006; 27 2008; 29 2010; 115 2005; 104 2011; 64 1985 2006; 29 2003; 49 2013; 110 2007; 62 2012; 26 2012; 25 1985; 11 2010; 2 2001; 56 1985; 12 2011; 123 1985; 13 2014; 98 1988 2009; 17 1995; 53 2010; 35 2009; 64 2009; 61 2006; 55 1991; 73 2005; 84 1981; 7 1969; 14 2011; 77 1999; 21 2010; 161 1999; 20 2001; 28 2008; 52 1978; 58 2001; 22 2012; 35 1990; 122 1995; 5 1981; 20 2012; 108 2001; 20 2014; 43 2009; 191 2013; 79 1984; 1 2011; 90 2011; 93 2003; 24 2005; 10 2012; 46 2007; 89 1999; 358 2001; 30 1990; 5 1993; 8 2004; 126 2009; 43 2004; 124 2007; 260 2013; 22 2006; 77 2002; 54 1997; 112 1994; 23 2003; 14 1992; 18 1998; 117 2005; 26 1999; 81 2008; 144 1996; 37 1996; 31 2002; 47 2000 1997; 15 1984; 11 2000; 53 2013; 96 1997; 19 1999; 12 2011; 22 2001; 83‐A 2011; 25 2007; 20 2014; 9 2012; 67 2001; 14 1975; 4 1998; 56 2011; 164 2009; 22 2015; 12 2004; 220 1991; 2 2001; 71 1979; 59 2002; 30 2005; 430 1978; 99 2000; 21 2000; 22 2008; 19 2015; 286 2008; 17 2011; 30 2003 2015; 9 1998; 176 1996; 326 2009; 33 2015; 26 1991; 25 1977; 59 2004; 19 2006; 88 2004; 15 2002; 21 2015; pii 2011; 50 2001; 8 1980; 6 1999; 78 2005; 209 1994; 57 2009; 6 2009; 5 2014 2013 2008; 86 2010; 92 2012; 6 2012; 7 2012; 88 1968 2014; 467 2010; 95 2012; 8 2012; 9 2014; 102 e_1_2_11_70_1 e_1_2_11_93_1 e_1_2_11_200_1 e_1_2_11_186_1 e_1_2_11_55_1 e_1_2_11_78_1 e_1_2_11_29_1 e_1_2_11_4_1 e_1_2_11_148_1 e_1_2_11_102_1 Kulkarni M (e_1_2_11_96_1) 2014 e_1_2_11_163_1 e_1_2_11_140_1 e_1_2_11_197_1 e_1_2_11_20_1 e_1_2_11_66_1 e_1_2_11_89_1 European Union's Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non‐Food Products (e_1_2_11_32_1) 2000 e_1_2_11_43_1 e_1_2_11_17_1 e_1_2_11_136_1 e_1_2_11_159_1 e_1_2_11_113_1 Bilhan H (e_1_2_11_7_1) 2013; 79 e_1_2_11_174_1 e_1_2_11_201_1 e_1_2_11_187_1 e_1_2_11_31_1 e_1_2_11_54_1 e_1_2_11_103_1 e_1_2_11_126_1 e_1_2_11_149_1 e_1_2_11_28_1 e_1_2_11_5_1 e_1_2_11_164_1 Treves C (e_1_2_11_16_1) 2010; 92 e_1_2_11_190_1 e_1_2_11_80_1 e_1_2_11_198_1 e_1_2_11_88_1 e_1_2_11_42_1 e_1_2_11_65_1 Harzer W (e_1_2_11_92_1) 2001; 71 e_1_2_11_114_1 e_1_2_11_137_1 e_1_2_11_39_1 e_1_2_11_152_1 e_1_2_11_175_1 e_1_2_11_72_1 Mitchell D L (e_1_2_11_203_1) 1990; 5 e_1_2_11_202_1 e_1_2_11_188_1 e_1_2_11_57_1 Schliephake H (e_1_2_11_81_1) 1993; 8 e_1_2_11_34_1 e_1_2_11_95_1 e_1_2_11_11_1 e_1_2_11_104_1 e_1_2_11_127_1 e_1_2_11_165_1 Cortada M (e_1_2_11_100_1) 1997; 7 e_1_2_11_191_1 e_1_2_11_60_1 e_1_2_11_45_1 e_1_2_11_199_1 e_1_2_11_68_1 e_1_2_11_22_1 e_1_2_11_115_1 e_1_2_11_138_1 e_1_2_11_19_1 e_1_2_11_176_1 e_1_2_11_153_1 e_1_2_11_130_1 e_1_2_11_94_1 e_1_2_11_181_1 e_1_2_11_71_1 e_1_2_11_10_1 e_1_2_11_56_1 e_1_2_11_189_1 e_1_2_11_79_1 e_1_2_11_33_1 e_1_2_11_105_1 e_1_2_11_128_1 e_1_2_11_3_1 e_1_2_11_143_1 e_1_2_11_120_1 Svejgaard E (e_1_2_11_139_1) 1978; 58 e_1_2_11_82_1 e_1_2_11_192_1 e_1_2_11_21_1 e_1_2_11_44_1 e_1_2_11_67_1 van Opstal N (e_1_2_11_179_1) 2011; 77 e_1_2_11_18_1 e_1_2_11_116_1 e_1_2_11_154_1 e_1_2_11_177_1 e_1_2_11_131_1 e_1_2_11_182_1 e_1_2_11_204_1 Martinez M L (e_1_2_11_83_1) 1995; 5 e_1_2_11_36_1 e_1_2_11_51_1 e_1_2_11_74_1 e_1_2_11_13_1 e_1_2_11_118_1 e_1_2_11_106_1 e_1_2_11_48_1 e_1_2_11_121_1 e_1_2_11_167_1 e_1_2_11_144_1 e_1_2_11_193_1 e_1_2_11_47_1 e_1_2_11_24_1 e_1_2_11_62_1 e_1_2_11_129_1 Veien N K (e_1_2_11_141_1) 1979; 59 e_1_2_11_8_1 e_1_2_11_85_1 e_1_2_11_117_1 e_1_2_11_59_1 e_1_2_11_178_1 e_1_2_11_132_1 e_1_2_11_155_1 e_1_2_11_170_1 Donachie M J (e_1_2_11_6_1) 1988 e_1_2_11_50_1 e_1_2_11_183_1 e_1_2_11_58_1 e_1_2_11_119_1 e_1_2_11_35_1 e_1_2_11_73_1 e_1_2_11_12_1 e_1_2_11_122_1 Müller K (e_1_2_11_125_1) 2006; 27 e_1_2_11_145_1 e_1_2_11_168_1 e_1_2_11_160_1 e_1_2_11_61_1 e_1_2_11_194_1 e_1_2_11_46_1 e_1_2_11_69_1 e_1_2_11_107_1 e_1_2_11_9_1 e_1_2_11_23_1 e_1_2_11_84_1 Merritt K (e_1_2_11_97_1) 1985 Valentine‐Thon E (e_1_2_11_151_1) 2003; 24 e_1_2_11_156_1 e_1_2_11_110_1 e_1_2_11_133_1 e_1_2_11_171_1 e_1_2_11_91_1 Cancilleri F (e_1_2_11_158_1) 1992; 18 e_1_2_11_184_1 e_1_2_11_30_1 e_1_2_11_99_1 e_1_2_11_53_1 e_1_2_11_76_1 e_1_2_11_27_1 e_1_2_11_169_1 e_1_2_11_146_1 Goto M (e_1_2_11_180_1) 2013; 2013 e_1_2_11_123_1 e_1_2_11_161_1 Carando S (e_1_2_11_142_1) 1985; 11 e_1_2_11_195_1 Barksdale J (e_1_2_11_2_1) 1968 e_1_2_11_41_1 e_1_2_11_87_1 e_1_2_11_108_1 e_1_2_11_64_1 e_1_2_11_15_1 e_1_2_11_111_1 e_1_2_11_134_1 e_1_2_11_38_1 e_1_2_11_157_1 Preez L A (e_1_2_11_205_1) 2007; 62 e_1_2_11_172_1 e_1_2_11_90_1 e_1_2_11_185_1 e_1_2_11_14_1 e_1_2_11_52_1 e_1_2_11_98_1 e_1_2_11_75_1 e_1_2_11_147_1 e_1_2_11_26_1 Stejskal V D (e_1_2_11_166_1) 1999; 20 e_1_2_11_49_1 e_1_2_11_101_1 e_1_2_11_124_1 Joseph L A (e_1_2_11_77_1) 2009; 6 e_1_2_11_196_1 e_1_2_11_25_1 e_1_2_11_40_1 e_1_2_11_63_1 e_1_2_11_86_1 e_1_2_11_109_1 Okamura T (e_1_2_11_162_1) 1999; 78 e_1_2_11_37_1 e_1_2_11_135_1 e_1_2_11_112_1 e_1_2_11_150_1 e_1_2_11_173_1 |
| References_xml | – reference: Jacobs J J, Skipor A K, Black J et al. Release and excretion of metal in patients who have a total hip-replacement component made of titanium-base alloy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1991: 73: 1475-1486. – reference: Thyssen J P, Menné T, Schalock P C et al. Pragmatic approach to the clinical work-up of patients with putative allergic disease to metallic orthopaedic implants before and after surgery. Br J Dermatol 2011: 164: 473-478. – reference: Makihira S, Mine Y, Nikawa H et al. Titanium ion induces necrosis and sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide in gingival epithelial-like cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2010: 24: 1905-1910. – reference: Roblegg E, Fröhlich E, Meindl C et al. Evaluation of a physiological in vitro system to study the transport of nanoparticles through the buccal mucosa. Nanotoxicology 2012: 6: 399-413. – reference: Tilsley D A, Rotstein H. Sensitivity caused by internal exposure to nickel, chrome and cobalt. Contact Dermatitis 1980: 6: 175-178. – reference: Merritt K, Brown S A. Biological Effects of Corrosion Products from Metals. Corrosion and Degradation of Implant Materials, 2nd edition: West Conshohocken, ASTM, 1985. – reference: Pflücker F, Hohenberg H, Hölzle E et al. The outermost stratum corneum layer is an effective barrier against dermal uptake of topically applied micronized titanium dioxide. Int J Cosmet Sci 1999: 21: 399-411. – reference: Lindholm-Sethson B, Ardlin B I. Effects of pH and fluoride concentration on the corrosion of titanium. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008: 86: 149-159. – reference: Sadrieh N, Wokovich A M, Gopee N V et al. Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano- and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicol Sci 2010: 115: 156-166. – reference: Squier C A. The permeability of oral mucosa. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1991: 2: 13-32. – reference: Danesh M, Murase J E. Titanium dioxide induces eyelid dermatitis in patients allergic to gold. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015: 73: e21: doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.03.046. – reference: Bosshardt D D, Lang N P. The junctional epithelium: from health to disease. J Dent Res 2005: 84: 9-20. – reference: Noguti J, de Oliveira F, Peres R C et al. The role of fluoride on the process of titanium corrosion in oral cavity. Biometals 2012: 25: 859-862. – reference: Peters M S, Schroeter A L, van Hale H M, Broadbent J C. Pacemaker contact sensitivity. Contact Dermatitis 1984: 11: 214-218. – reference: Pan Z, Lee W, Slutsky L et al. Adverse effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on human dermal fibroblasts and how to protect cells. Small 2009: 5: 511-520. – reference: Filipe P, Silva J N, Silva R et al. Stratum corneum is an effective barrier to TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticle percutaneous absorption. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2009: 22: 266-275. – reference: Schulz J, Hohenberg H, Pflücker F et al. Distribution of sunscreens on skin. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2002: 54 (Suppl. 1): S157-S163. – reference: Meningaud J P, Poupon J, Bertrand J C et al. Dynamic study about metal release from titanium miniplates in maxillofacial surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001: 30: 185-188. – reference: Witt J D, Swann M. Metal wear and tissue response in failed titanium alloy total hip replacements. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1991: 73: 559-563. – reference: Thomas P, Iglhaut G, Wollenberg A et al. Allergy or tolerance: reduced inflammatory cytokine response and concomitant IL-10 production of lymphocytes and monocytes in symptom-free titanium dental implant patients. Biomed Res Int 2013: 2013: 539834. – reference: Koike M, Fujii H. In vitro assessment of corrosive properties of titanium as a biomaterial. J Oral Rehabil 2001: 28: 540-548. – reference: Lademann J, Weigmann H, Rickmeyer C et al. Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 1999: 12: 247-256. – reference: Wang L F, Wu J, Zheng C et al. Long-term fever after hallux valgus surgery secondary to titanium allergy: a case report and review of the literature. J Foot Ankle Surg 2015: pii: S1067-2516(15)00296-3. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2015.06.021. [Epub ahead of print]. – reference: Müller K, Valentine-Thon E. Hypersensitivity to titanium: clinical and laboratory evidence. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2006: 27 (Suppl. 1): 31-35. – reference: Bilhan H, Bural C, Geckili O. Titanium hypersensitivity. A hidden threat for dental implant patients? N Y State Dent J 2013: 79: 38-43. – reference: Brune D. Metal release from dental biomaterials. Biomaterials 1986: 7: 163-175. – reference: Lugowski S J, Smith D C, McHugh A D, van Loon J C. Release of metal ions from dental implant materials in vivo: determination of Al, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, V, and Ti in organ tissue. J Biomed Mater Res 1991: 25: 1443-1458. – reference: Krischak G D, Gebhard F, Mohr W et al. Difference in metallic wear distribution released from commercially pure titanium compared with stainless steel plates. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2004: 124: 104-113. – reference: Mitchell D L, Synnott S A, VanDercreek J A. Tissue reaction involving an intraoral skin graft and CP titanium abutments: a clinical report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1990: 5: 79-84 (Abstract). – reference: Cancilleri F, De Giorgis P, Verdoia C et al. Allergy to components of total hip arthroplasty before and after surgery. Ital J Orthop Traumatol 1992: 18: 407-410. – reference: Iijima R, Ikari Y, Amiya E et al. The impact of metallic allergy on stent implantation: metal allergy and recurrence of in-stent restenosis. Int J Cardiol 2005: 104: 319-325. – reference: Granchi D, Cenni E, Tigani D et al. Sensitivity to implant materials in patients with total knee arthroplasties. Biomaterials 2008: 29: 1494-1500. – reference: Tolo K J. A study of permeability of gingival pocket epithelium to albumin in guinea pigs and Norwegian pigs. Arch Oral Biol 1971: 16: 881-888. – reference: European Union's Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products Intended for Consumers Concerning Zinc Oxide: Brussels (Belgium), European Commission, 2000. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/04_sccp/04_sccp_en.htm (last accessed 12 July 2015). – reference: Tamai K, Mitsumori M, Fujishiro S et al. A case of allergic reaction to surgical metal clips inserted for postoperative boost irradiation in a patient undergoing breast-conserving therapy. Breast Cancer 2001: 8: 90-92. – reference: Weir A, Westerhoff P, Fabricius L et al. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles in food and personal care products. Environ Sci Technol 2012: 46: 2242-2250. – reference: Nakashima Y, Sun D H, Trindade M C et al. Signaling pathways for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 expression in human macrophages exposed to titanium-alloy particulate debris in vitro. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999: 81: 603-615. – reference: Cortada M, Giner L, Costa S et al. Metallic ion release in artificial saliva of titanium oral implants coupled with different metal superstructures. Biomed Mater Eng 1997: 7: 213-220. – reference: Wu J, Liu W, Xue C et al. Toxicity and penetration of TiO2 nanoparticles in hairless mice and porcine skin after subchronic dermal exposure. Toxicol Lett 2009: 191: 1-8. – reference: Treves C, Martinesi M, Stio M et al. In vitro biocompatibility evaluation of surface-modified titanium alloys. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010: 92: 1623-1634. – reference: Egusa H, Ko N, Shimazu T, Yatani H. Suspected association of an allergic reaction with titanium dental implants: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2008: 100: 344-347. – reference: Gioka C, Bourauel C, Zinelis S et al. Titanium orthodontic brackets: structure, composition, hardness and ionic release. Dent Mater 2004: 20: 693-700. – reference: Yang Y, Westerhoff P. Presence in, and release of, nanomaterials from consumer products. Adv Exp Med Biol 2014: 811: 1-17. – reference: Bennett S W, Zhou D, Mielke R, Keller A A. Photoinduced disaggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles enables transdermal penetration. PLoS One 2012: 7: e48719. – reference: Merritt K, Brown S A. Metal sensitivity reactions to orthopedic implants. Int J Dermatol 1981: 20: 89-94. – reference: Barão V A, Mathew M T, Assunção W G et al. The role of lipopolysaccharide on the electrochemical behavior of titanium. J Dent Res 2011: 90: 613-618. – reference: Thomas P, Bandl W D, Maier S et al. Hypersensitivity to titanium osteosynthesis with impaired fracture healing, eczema, and T-cell hyperresponsiveness in vitro: case report and review of the literature. Contact Dermatitis 2006: 55: 199-202. – reference: Lim H P, Lee K M, Koh Y I, Park S W. Allergic contact stomatitis caused by a titanium nitride-coated implant abutment: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2012: 108: 209-213. – reference: Hirayama T, Koike M, Kurogi T et al. Ion release from casts of commercially pure titanium in mixed solutions of organic acids contained in human saliva. Nihon Hotetsu Shika Gakkai Zasshi 2008: 52: 501-506. – reference: Carando S, Cannes M, Rossi P, Portlfatt-Barbos M. The lymphocytic transformation test (L.T.T) in the evaluation of intolerance in prosthetic implants. Ital J Orthop Traumatol 1985: 11: 475-481. – reference: Teubl B J, Leitinger G, Schneider M et al. The buccal mucosa as a route for TiO2 nanoparticle uptake. Nanotoxicology 2015: 9: 253-261. – reference: Haddad F S, Cobb A G, Bentley G et al. Hypersensitivity in aseptic loosening of total hip replacements. The role of constituents of bone cement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1996: 78: 546-549. – reference: Novak N, Gros E, Bieber T, Allam J P. Human skin and oral mucosal dendritic cells as 'good guys' and 'bad guys' in allergic immune responses. Clin Exp Immunol 2010: 161: 28-33. – reference: Faverani L P, Barão V A, Pires M F et al. Corrosion kinetics and topography analysis of Ti-6Al-4V alloy subjected to different mouthwash solutions. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2014: 43: 1-10. – reference: Harzer W, Schröter A, Gedrange T, Muschter F. Sensitivity of titanium brackets to the corrosive influence of fluoride-containing toothpaste and tea. Angle Orthod 2001: 71: 318-323. – reference: Kocijan A, Milosev I, Pihlar B. The influence of complexing agent and proteins on the corrosion of stainless steels and their metal components. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2003: 14: 69-77. – reference: Lalor P A, Revell P A, Gray A B et al. Sensitivity to titanium. A cause of implant failure? J Bone Joint Surg Br 1991: 73: 25-28. – reference: Thomas P, Braathen L R, Dörig M et al. Increased metal allergy in patients with failed metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty and peri-implant T-lymphocytic inflammation. Allergy 2009: 64: 1157-1165. – reference: Nakagawa M, Matsuya S, Udoh K. Corrosion behavior of pure titanium and titanium alloys in fluoride-containing solutions. Dent Mater J 2001: 20: 305-314. – reference: Galey W R, Lonsdale H K, Nacht S. The in vitro permeability of skin and buccal mucosa to selected drugs and tritiated water. J Invest Dermatol 1976: 67: 713-717. – reference: Langford R J, Frame J W. Tissue changes adjacent to titanium plates in patients. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2002: 30: 103-107. – reference: Larese Filon F, Mauro M, Adami G et al. Nanoparticles skin absorption: new aspects for a safety profile evaluation. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015: 72: 310-322. – reference: Hallab N, Merritt K, Jacobs J J. Metal sensitivity in patients with orthopaedic implants. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2001: 83-A: 428-436. – reference: Elves M W, Wilson J N, Scales J T, Kemp H B. Incidence of metal sensitivity in patients with total joint replacements. Br Med J 1975: 4: 376-378. – reference: Pflücker F, Wendel V, Hohenberg H et al. The human stratum corneum layer: an effective barrier against dermal uptake of different forms of topically applied micronised titanium dioxide. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 2001: 14 (Suppl. 1): 92-97. – reference: Faverani L P, Assunção W G, de Carvalho P S et al. Effects of dextrose and lipopolysaccharide on the corrosion behavior of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy with a smooth surface or treated with double-acid-etching. PLoS One 2014: 9: e93377. – reference: Mathew M T, Barão V A, Yuan J C et al. What is the role of lipopolysaccharide on the tribocorrosive behavior of titanium? J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012: 8: 71-85. – reference: Abdallah H I, Balsara R K, O'Riordan A C. Pacemaker contact sensitivity: clinical recognition and management. Ann Thorac Surg 1994: 57: 1017-1018. – reference: Merritt K, Rodrigo J J. Immune response to synthetic materials. Sensitization of patients receiving orthopaedic implants. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1996: 326: 71-79. – reference: Senzui M, Tamura T, Miura K et al. Study on penetration of titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles into intact and damaged skin in vitro. J Toxicol Sci 2010: 35: 107-113. – reference: Yanagisawa R, Takano H, Inoue K et al. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles aggravate atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2009: 234: 314-322. – reference: Savarino L, Greco M, Cenni E et al. Differences in ion release after ceramic-on-ceramic and metal-on-metal total hip replacement. Medium-term follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2006: 88: 472-476. – reference: Miquel-Jeanjean C, Crépel F, Raufast V et al. Penetration study of formulated nanosized titanium dioxide in models of damaged and sun-irradiated skins. Photochem Photobiol 2012: 88: 1513-1521. – reference: Cederbrant K, Hultman P, Marcusson J A, Tibbling L. In vitro lymphocyte proliferation as compared to patch test using gold, palladium and nickel. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1997: 112: 212-217. – reference: Suhonen R, Kanerva L. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by palladium on titanium spectacle frames. Contact Dermatitis 2001: 44: 257-258. – reference: Veien N K, Svejgaard E. Lymphocyte transformation in patients with cobalt dermatitis. BrJ Dermatol 1978: 99: 191-196. – reference: Nakagawa M, Matsuya S, Udoh K. Effects of fluoride and dissolved oxygen concentrations on the corrosion behavior of pure titanium and titanium alloys. Dent Mater J 2002: 21: 83-92. – reference: Joseph L A, Israel O K, Edet E J. Comparative evaluation of metal ion release from titanium and Ti-6Al-7Nb into bio-fluids. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2009: 6: 7-11. – reference: Hallab N J, Mikecz K, Vermes C et al. Differential lymphocyte reactivity to serum-derived metal-protein complexes produced from cobalt-based and titanium-based implant alloy degradation. J Biomed Mater Res 2001: 56: 427-436. – reference: Romaguera C, Grimalt F. Pacemaker dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 1981: 7: 333. – reference: Kręcisz B, Kieć-Świerczyńska M, Chomiczewska-Skóra D. Allergy to orthopedic metal implants - a prospective study. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2012: 25: 463-469. – reference: Barão V A, Mathew M T, Yuan J C et al. Influence of corrosion on lipopolysaccharide affinity for two different titanium materials. J Prosthet Dent 2013: 110: 462-470. – reference: Goto M, Gotoh M, Mitsui Y et al. Hypersensitivity to suture anchors. Case Rep Orthop 2013: 2013: 932167. – reference: Viraben R, Boulinguez S, Alba C. Granulomatous dermatitis after implantation of a titanium-containing pacemaker. Contact Dermatitis 1995: 33: 437. – reference: Hussain S, Smulders S, de Vooght V et al. Nano-titanium dioxide modulates the dermal sensitization potency of DNCB. Part Fibre Toxicol 2012: 9: 15. – reference: Fors R, Stenberg B, Stenlund H, Persson M. Nickel allergy in relation to piercing and orthodontic appliances - a population study. Contact Dermatitis 2012: 67: 342-350. – reference: Okazaki Y I, Gotoh E. Comparison of metal release from various metallic biomaterials in vitro. Biomaterials 2005: 26: 11-21. – reference: Kimura E, Kawano Y, Todo H et al. Measurement of skin permeation/penetration of nanoparticles for their safety evaluation. Biol Pharm Bull 2012: 35: 1476-1486. – reference: Nawaz F, Wall B M. Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome: suspected association with titanium bioprosthesis. Am J Med Sci 2007: 334: 215-218. – reference: Dussert A S, Gooris E, Hemmerle J. Characterization of the mineral content of a physical sunscreen emulsion and its distribution onto human stratum corneum. Int J Cosmet Sci 1997: 19: 119-129. – reference: Wiesenthal A, Hunter L, Wang S et al. Nanoparticles: small and mighty. Int J Dermatol 2011: 50: 247-254. – reference: Peira E, Turci F, Corazzari I et al. The influence of surface charge and photo-reactivity on skin-permeation enhancer property of nano-TiO2 in ex vivo pig skin model under indoor light. Int J Pharm 2014: 467: 90-99. – reference: Hallab N, Jacobs J J, Black J. Hypersensitivity to metallic biomaterials: a review of leukocyte migration inhibition assays. Biomaterials 2000: 21: 1301-1314. – reference: Nakashima Y, Sun D H, Trindade M C et al. Induction of macrophage C-C chemokine expression by titanium alloy and bone cement particles. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1999: 81: 155-162. – reference: Wood M M, Warshaw E M. Hypersensitivity reactions to titanium: diagnosis and management. Dermatitis 2015: 26: 7-25. – reference: Lee S, Goh B T, Lai S H et al. Peri-implant and systemic release of metallic elements following insertion of a mandibular modular endoprosthesis in Macaca fascicularis. Acta Biomater 2009: 5: 3640-3646. – reference: Feng B, Weng J, Yang B C et al. Surface characterization of titanium and adsorption of bovine serum albumin. Mater Charact 2003: 49: 129-137. – reference: Hallab N J, Anderson S, Caicedo M et al. Immune responses correlate with serum-metal in metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2004: 19 (Suppl. 3): 88-93. – reference: Tan M H, Commens C A, Burnett L, Snitch P J. A pilot study on the percutaneous absorption of microfine titanium dioxide from sunscreens. Australas J Dermatol 1996: 37: 185-187. – reference: Veien N K, Svejgaard E, Menné T. In vitro lymphocyte transformation to nickel: a study of nickel-sensitive patients before and after epicutaneous and oral challenge with nickel. Acta Derm Venereol 1979: 59: 447-451. – reference: Verbov J. Pacemaker contact sensitivity. Contact Dermatitis 1985: 12: 173. – reference: Belohlavek J, Belohlavkova S, Hlubocky J et al. Severe allergic dermatitis after closure of foramen ovale with Amplatzer occluder. Ann Thorac Surg 2013: 96: e57-e59: doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.01.079. – reference: High W A, Ayers R A, Adams J R et al. Granulomatous reaction to titanium alloy: an unusual reaction to ear piercing. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006: 55: 716-720. – reference: du Preez L A, Bütow K W, Swart T J. Implant failure due to titanium hypersensitivity/allergy? - Report of a case. SADJ 2007: 62: 22, 24-25 (Abstract). – reference: Davis M D, Wang M Z, Yiannias J A et al. Patch testing with a large series of metal allergens: findings from more than 1,000 patients in one decade at Mayo Clinic. Dermatitis 2011: 22: 256-271. – reference: Jacobs J J, Silverton C, Hallab N J et al. Metal release and excretion from cementless titanium alloy total knee replacements. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1999: 358: 173-180. – reference: Thierse H J, Gamerdinger K, Junkes C et al. T cell receptor (TCR) interaction with haptens: metal ions as non-classical haptens. Toxicology 2005: 209: 101-107. – reference: Lhotka C G, Szekeres T, Fritzer-Szekeres M et al. Are allergic reactions to skin clips associated with delayed wound healing? Am J Surg 1998: 176: 320-323. – reference: Frigerio E, Pigatto P D, Guzzi G, Altomare G. Metal sensitivity in patients with orthopaedic implants: a prospective study. Contact Dermatitis 2011: 64: 273-279. – reference: Teubl B J, Schimpel C, Leitinger G et al. Interactions between nano-TiO2 and the oral cavity: impact of nanomaterial surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity. J Hazard Mater 2015: 286: 298-305. – reference: Karlberg A T, Börje A, Johansen J D et al. Activation of non-sensitizing or low-sensitizing fragrance substances into potent sensitizers - prehaptens and prohaptens. Contact Dermatitis 2013: 69: 323-334. – reference: Frisken K W, Dandie G W, Lugowski S, Jordan G. A study of titanium release into body organs following the insertion of single threaded screw implants into the mandibles of sheep. Aust Dent J 2002: 47: 214-217. – reference: Torgersen S, Gjerdet N R, Erichsen E S, Bang G. Metal particles and tissue changes adjacent to miniplates. A retrieval study. Acta Odontol Scand 1995: 53: 65-71. – reference: Peira E, Turci F, Corazzari I et al. The influence of surface charge and photo-reactivity on skin-permeation enhancer property of nano-TiO in ex vivo pig skin model under indoor light. Int J Pharm 2014: 467: 90-99. – reference: Crosera E, Prodi A, Mauro M et al. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle penetration into the skin and effects on HaCaT cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015: 12: 9282-9297. – reference: Bernard S, Baeck M, Tennstedt D et al. Chromate or titanium allergy - the role of impurities? Contact Dermatitis 2013: 68: 191-192. – reference: Zhang Y, Matykina E, Skeldon P, Thompson G E. Calcium and titanium release in simulated body fluid from plasma electrolytically oxidized titanium. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2010: 21: 81-88. – reference: Wang J Y, Wicklund B H, Gustilo R B, Tsukayama D T. Prosthetic metals impair murine immune response and cytokine release in vivo and in vitro. J Orthop Res 1997: 15: 688-699. – reference: Huang H H, Chiu Y H, Lee T H et al. Ion release from NiTi orthodontic wires in artificial saliva with various acidities. Biomaterials 2003: 24: 3585-3592. – reference: Summer B, Sander C A, Przybilla B, Thomas P. Molecular analysis of T-cell clonality with concomitant specific T-cell proliferation in vitro in nickel-allergic individuals. Allergy 2001: 56: 767-770. – reference: Fine D H, Pechersky J L, McKibben D H. The penetration of human gingival sulcular tissue by carbon particles. Arch Oral Biol 1969: 14: 1117-1119. – reference: Milavec-Puretić V, Orlić D, Marusić A. Sensitivity to metals in 40 patients with failed hip endoprosthesis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 1998: 117: 383-386. – reference: Cadosch D, Chan E, Gautschi O P, Filgueira L. Metal is not inert: role of metal ions released by biocorrosion in aseptic loosening - current concepts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009: 91: 1252-1262. – reference: Mutlu-Sagesen L, Ergun G, Karabulut E. Ion release from metal-ceramic alloys in three different media. Dent Mater J 2011: 30: 598-610. – reference: Bianco P D, Ducheyne P, Cuckler J M. Local accumulation of titanium released from a titanium implant in the absence of wear. J Biomed Mater Res 1996: 31: 227-234. – reference: Wooley P H, Nasser S, Fitzgerald R H Jr. The immune response to implant materials in humans. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1996: 326: 63-70. – reference: Robichaud C O, Uyar A E, Darby M R et al. Estimates of upper bounds and trends in nano-TiO2 production as a basis for exposure assessment. Environ Sci Technol 2009: 43: 4227-4233. – reference: Lansdown A B, Taylor A. Zinc and titanium oxides: promising UV-absorbers but what influence do they have on the intact skin? Int J Cosmet Sci 1997: 19: 167-172. – reference: Molina C, Nogués L, Martinez-Gomis J et al. Dental casting alloys behaviour during power toothbrushing with toothpastes of various abrasivities. Part II: corrosion and ion release. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2008: 19: 3015-3019. – reference: Gulson B, McCall M J, Bowman D M, Pinheiro T. A review of critical factors for assessing the dermal absorption of metal oxide nanoparticles from sunscreens applied to humans, and a research strategy to address current deficiencies. Arch Toxicol 2015: 89: 1909-1930. – reference: Gil F J, Sánchez L A, Espías A, Planell J A. In vitro corrosion behaviour and metallic ion release of different prosthodontic alloys. Int Dent J 1999: 49: 361-367. – reference: Weingart D, Steinemann S, Schilli W et al. Titanium deposition in regional lymph nodes after insertion of titanium screw implants in maxillofacial region. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994: 23 (Suppl. 6, Pt. 2): 450-452. – reference: Hamann D, Thyssen J P, Hamann C R et al. Jewellery: alloy composition and release of nickel, cobalt and lead assessed with the EU synthetic sweat method. Contact Dermatitis 2015: 73: 231-238. – reference: Adachi K, Yamada N, Yoshida Y, Yamamoto O. Subchronic exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to hairless rat skin. Exp Dermatol 2013: 22: 278-283. – reference: Evenness K M, Gawkrodger D J, Botham P A, Hunter J A. The discrimination between nickel-sensitive and non-nickel-sensitive subjects by an in vitro lymphocyte transformation test. Br J Dermatol 1990: 122: 293-298. – reference: Schliephake H, Reiss G, Urban R et al. Metal release from titanium fixtures during placement in the mandible: an experimental study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1993: 8: 502-511. – reference: Lekki J, Stachura Z, Dabros W et al. On the follicular pathway of percutaneous uptake of nanoparticles: ion microscopy and autoradiography studies. Nucl Instr Meth Phys Res B 2007: 260: 174-177. – reference: Jacobs J J, Skipor A K, Patterson L M et al. Metal release in patients who have had a primary total hip arthroplasty. A prospective, controlled, longitudinal study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998: 80: 1447-1458. – reference: van Hoogstraten I M, Andersen K E, von Blomberg B M et al. Reduced frequency of nickel allergy upon oral nickel contact at an early age. Clin Exp Immunol 1991: 85: 441-445. – reference: Flatebø R S, Johannessen A C, Grønningsaeter A G et al. Host response to titanium dental implant placement evaluated in a human oral model. J Periodontol 2006: 77: 1201-1210. – reference: Hallab N J, Mikecz K, Jacobs J J. A triple assay technique for the evaluation of metal-induced, delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in patients with or receiving total joint arthroplasty. J Biomed Mater Res 2000: 53: 480-489. – reference: Kiss B, Bíró T, Czifra G et al. Investigation of micronized titanium dioxide penetration in human skin xenografts and its effect on cellular functions of human skin-derived cells. Exp Dermatol 2008: 17: 659-667. – reference: Harloff T, Hönle W, Holzwarth U et al. Titanium allergy or not? 'Impurity' of titanium implant materials. Health 2010: 2: 306-310. – reference: Syburra T, Schurr U, Rahn M et al. Gold-coated pacemaker implantation after allergic reactions to pacemaker compounds. Europace 2010: 12: 749-750. – reference: Keegan G M, Learmonth I D, Case C P. Orthopaedic metals and their potential toxicity in the arthroplasty patient: a review of current knowledge and future strategies. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2007: 89: 567-573. – reference: Long M, Rack H J. Titanium alloys in total joint replacement - a materials science perspective. Biomaterials 1998: 19: 1621-1639. – reference: Konttinen Y T, Zhao D, Beklen A et al. The microenvironment around total hip replacement prostheses. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2005: 430: 28-38. – reference: Svejgaard E, Morling N, Svejgaard A, Veien N K. Lymphocyte transformation induced by nickel sulphate: an in vitro study of subjects with and without a positive nickel patch test. Acta Derm Venereol 1978: 58: 245-250. – reference: Granchi D, Cenni E, Trisolino G et al. Sensitivity to implant materials in patients undergoing total hip replacement. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2006: 77: 257-264. – reference: Ishii K, Kodani E, Miyamoto S et al. Pacemaker contact dermatitis: the effective use of a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2006: 29: 1299-302. – reference: Mavon A, Miquel C, Lejeune O et al. In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo stratum corneum distribution of an organic and a mineral sunscreen. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2007: 20: 10-20. – reference: Menezes L M, Campos L C, Quintão C C, Bolognese A M. Hypersensitivity to metals in orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004: 126: 58-64. – reference: Jacobs J J, Urban R M, Hallab N J et al. Metal-on-metal bearing surfaces. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2009: 17: 69-76. – reference: Vermes C, Kuzsner J, Bárdos T, Than P. Prospective analysis of human leukocyte functional tests reveals metal sensitivity in patients with hip implant. J Orthop Surg Res 2013: 8: 12. – reference: Monteiro-Riviere N A, Wiench K, Landsiedel R et al. Safety evaluation of sunscreen formulations containing titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in UVB sunburned skin: an in vitro and in vivo study. Toxicol Sci 2011: 123: 264-280. – reference: Wennerberg A, Ide-Ektessabi A, Hatkamata S et al. Titanium release from implants prepared with different surface roughness. Clin Oral Implants Res 2004: 15: 505-512. – reference: Jr Donachie M J. Titanium: A Technical Guide: Metals Park, OH, ASM International, 1988 (ISBN 0-87170-309-2). – reference: Gamer A O, Leibold E, van Ravenzwaay B. The in vitro absorption of microfine zinc oxide and titanium dioxide through porcine skin. Toxicol In Vitro 2006: 20: 301-307. – reference: Strietzel R, Hösch A, Kalbfleisch H, Buch D. In vitro corrosion of titanium. Biomaterials 1998: 19: 1495-1499. – reference: Brown G C, Lockshin M D, Salvati E A, Bullough P G. Sensitivity to metal as a possible cause of sterile loosening after cobalt-chromium total hip-replacement arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1977: 59: 164-168. – reference: Bircher A J, Stern W B. Allergic contact dermatitis from 'titanium' spectacle frames. Contact Dermatitis 2001: 45: 244-245. – reference: Wertz P W, Cox P S, Squier C A, Downing D T. Lipids of epidermis and keratinized and non-keratinized oral epithelia. Comp Biochem Physiol B 1986: 83: 529-531. – reference: Martinez M L, Anderson R C, Bundy K J, Dinh D H. Titanium metal release after posterior cervical spine plate placement in a canine model. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 1995: 5: 185-208. – reference: Vijayaraghavan V, Sabane A V, Tejas K. Hypersensitivity to titanium: a less explored area of research. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2012: 12: 201-207. – reference: Stejskal V D, Danersund A, Lindvall A et al. Metal-specific lymphocytes: biomarkers of sensitivity in man. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 1999: 20: 289-298. – reference: Popov A P, Lademann J, Priezzhev A V, Myllylä R. Effect of size of TiO2 nanoparticles embedded into stratum corneum on ultraviolet-A and ultraviolet-B sun-blocking properties of the skin. J Biomed Opt 2005: 10: 064037. – reference: Thomas P, Thomas M, Summer B et al. Impaired wound-healing, local eczema, and chronic inflammation following titanium osteosynthesis in a nickel and cobalt-allergic patient: a case report and review of the literature. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011: 93: e61. – reference: Kretzer J P, Jakubowitz E, Krachler M et al. Metal release and corrosion effects of modular neck total hip arthroplasty. Int Orthop 2009: 33: 1531-1536. – reference: Reed K B, Davis M D, Nakamura K et al. Retrospective evaluation of patch testing before or after metal device implantation. Arch Dermatol 2008: 144: 999-1007. – reference: Koike M, Fujii H. The corrosion resistance of pure titanium in organic acids. Biomaterials 2001: 22: 2931-2936. – reference: Coulter I, Lee M, Zakaria R, Barrett C. Pin site allergic contact dermatitis: an unusual complication of halo fixation. Br J Neurosurg 2012: 26: 566-567. – reference: Savarino L, Tigani D, Greco M et al. The potential role of metal ion release as a marker of loosening in patients with total knee replacement: a cohort study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2010: 92: 634-638. – reference: Yazdi A S, Guarda G, Riteau N et al. Nanoparticles activate the NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome and cause pulmonary inflammation through release of IL-1α and IL-1β. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010: 107: 19449-19454. – reference: Lomer M C, Thompson R P, Commisso J et al. Determination of titanium dioxide in foods using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Analyst 2000: 125: 2339-2343. – reference: van Opstal N, Verheyden F. Revision of a tibial baseplate using a customized oxinium component in a case of suspected metal allergy. A case report. Acta Orthop Belg 2011: 77: 691-695. – reference: Sicilia A, Cuesta S, Coma G et al. Titanium allergy in dental implant patients: a clinical study on 1500 consecutive patients. Clin Oral Implants Res 2008: 19: 823-835. – reference: Leopold S S, Berger R A, Patterson L et al. Serum titanium level for diagnosis of a failed, metal-backed patellar component. J Arthroplasty 2000: 15: 938-943. – reference: Ko N, Mine A, Egusa H et al. Allergic reaction to titanium-made fixed dental restorations: a clinical report. J Prosthodontics 2014: 23: 501-503. – reference: Sakamoto K, Ando K, Noma D. Metal allergy to titanium bars after the Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum. Ann Thorac Surg 2014: 98: 708-710. – reference: Waterman A H, Schrik J J. Allergy in hip arthroplasty. Contact Dermatitis 1985: 13: 294-301. – reference: Valentine-Thon E, Schiwara H W. Validity of MELISA for metal sensitivity testing. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2003: 24: 57-64. – reference: Bennat C, Müller-Goymann C C. Skin penetration and stabilization of formulations containing microfine titanium dioxide as physical UV filter. Int J Cosmet Sci 2000: 22: 271-283. – reference: Chaturvedi T. Allergy related to dental implant and its clinical significance. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2013: 5: 57-61. – reference: Okamura T, Morimoto M, Fukushima D, Yamane G. A skin patch test for the diagnosis of titanium allergy. J Dent Res 1999: 78: 1135. – reference: Faverani L P, Barão V A, Ramalho-Ferreira G et al. Effect of bleaching agents and soft drink on titanium surface topography. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014: 102: 22-30. – reference: Woodman J L, Jacobs J J, Galante J O, Urban R M. Metal ion release from titanium-based prosthetic segmental replacements of long bones in baboons: a long-term study. J Orthop Res 1984: 1: 421-430. – reference: Brun R, Hunziker N. Pacemaker dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 1980: 6: 212-213. – reference: Larsen S T, Roursgaard M, Jensen K A, Nielsen G D. Nano titanium dioxide particles promote allergic sensitization and lung inflammation in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010: 106: 114-117. – reference: Matthew I, Frame J W. Allergic responses to titanium. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998: 56: 1466-1467. – reference: Menzel F, Reinet T, Vogt J, Butz T. Investigations of percutaneous uptake of ultrafine TiO2 particles at the high energy ion nanoprobe LIPSION. Nucl Instr Meth Phys Res 2004: 220: 82-86. – reference: Teubl B J, Meindl C, Eitzlmayr A et al. In-vitro permeability of neutral polystyrene particles via buccal mucosa. Small 2013: 9: 457-466. – reference: Christiansen K, Holmes K, Zilko P J. Metal sensitivity causing loosened joint prostheses. Ann Rheum Dis 1980: 39: 476-480. – reference: Cadosch D, Al-Mushaiqri M S, Gautschi O P et al. Biocorrosion and uptake of titanium by human osteoclasts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010: 95: 1004-1010. – reference: Granchi D, Ciapetti G, Savarino L et al. Expression of the CD69 activation antigen on lymphocytes of patients with hip prosthesis. Biomaterials 2000: 21: 2059-2065. – reference: Rae T. The biological response to titanium and titanium-aluminium-vanadium alloy particles. I. Tissue culture studies. Biomaterials 1986: 7: 30-36. – reference: Newman M D, Stotland M, Ellis J I. The safety of nanosized particles in titanium dioxide- and zinc oxide-based sunscreens. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009: 61: 685-692. – reference: Park Y H, Jeong S H, Yi S M et al. Analysis for the potential of polystyrene and TiO2 nanoparticles to induce skin irritation, phototoxicity, and sensitization. Toxicol In Vitro 2011: 25: 1863-1869. – volume: 30 start-page: 598 year: 2011 end-page: 610 article-title: Ion release from metal–ceramic alloys in three different media publication-title: Dent Mater J – volume: 8 start-page: 502 year: 1993 end-page: 511 article-title: Metal release from titanium fixtures during placement in the mandible: an experimental study publication-title: Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants – volume: 44 start-page: 257 year: 2001 end-page: 258 article-title: Allergic contact dermatitis caused by palladium on titanium spectacle frames publication-title: Contact Dermatitis – volume: 112 start-page: 212 year: 1997 end-page: 217 article-title: In vitro lymphocyte proliferation as compared to patch test using gold, palladium and nickel publication-title: Int Arch Allergy Immunol – volume: 17 start-page: 69 year: 2009 end-page: 76 article-title: Metal‐on‐metal bearing surfaces publication-title: J Am Acad Orthop Surg – volume: 98 start-page: 708 year: 2014 end-page: 710 article-title: Metal allergy to titanium bars after the Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum publication-title: Ann Thorac Surg – volume: 69 start-page: 323 year: 2013 end-page: 334 article-title: Activation of non‐sensitizing or low‐sensitizing fragrance substances into potent sensitizers – prehaptens and prohaptens publication-title: Contact Dermatitis – volume: 83‐A start-page: 428 year: 2001 end-page: 436 article-title: Metal sensitivity in patients with orthopaedic implants publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Am – volume: 53 start-page: 65 year: 1995 end-page: 71 article-title: Metal particles and tissue changes adjacent to miniplates. A retrieval study publication-title: Acta Odontol Scand – volume: 21 start-page: 83 year: 2002 end-page: 92 article-title: Effects of fluoride and dissolved oxygen concentrations on the corrosion behavior of pure titanium and titanium alloys publication-title: Dent Mater J – volume: 17 start-page: 659 year: 2008 end-page: 667 article-title: Investigation of micronized titanium dioxide penetration in human skin xenografts and its effect on cellular functions of human skin‐derived cells publication-title: Exp Dermatol – volume: 21 start-page: 399 year: 1999 end-page: 411 article-title: The outermost stratum corneum layer is an effective barrier against dermal uptake of topically applied micronized titanium dioxide publication-title: Int J Cosmet Sci – volume: 7 start-page: 333 year: 1981 article-title: Pacemaker dermatitis publication-title: Contact Dermatitis – volume: 7 start-page: 213 year: 1997 end-page: 220 article-title: Metallic ion release in artificial saliva of titanium oral implants coupled with different metal superstructures publication-title: Biomed Mater Eng – volume: 19 start-page: 88 year: 2004 end-page: 93 article-title: Immune responses correlate with serum‐metal in metal‐on‐metal hip arthroplasty publication-title: J Arthroplasty – volume: 6 start-page: 7 year: 2009 end-page: 11 article-title: Comparative evaluation of metal ion release from titanium and Ti‐6Al‐7Nb into bio‐fluids publication-title: Dent Res J (Isfahan) – volume: 80 start-page: 1447 year: 1998 end-page: 1458 article-title: Metal release in patients who have had a primary total hip arthroplasty. A prospective, controlled, longitudinal study publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Am – volume: 19 start-page: 119 year: 1997 end-page: 129 article-title: Characterization of the mineral content of a physical sunscreen emulsion and its distribution onto human stratum corneum publication-title: Int J Cosmet Sci – volume: 88 start-page: 472 year: 2006 end-page: 476 article-title: Differences in ion release after ceramic‐on‐ceramic and metal‐on‐metal total hip replacement. Medium‐term follow‐up publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Br – volume: 78 start-page: 1135 year: 1999 article-title: A skin patch test for the diagnosis of titanium allergy publication-title: J Dent Res – volume: 89 start-page: 567 year: 2007 end-page: 573 article-title: Orthopaedic metals and their potential toxicity in the arthroplasty patient: a review of current knowledge and future strategies publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Br – volume: 123 start-page: 264 year: 2011 end-page: 280 article-title: Safety evaluation of sunscreen formulations containing titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in UVB sunburned skin: an in vitro and in vivo study publication-title: Toxicol Sci – volume: 467 start-page: 90 year: 2014 end-page: 99 article-title: The influence of surface charge and photo‐reactivity on skin‐permeation enhancer property of nano‐TiO in ex vivo pig skin model under indoor light publication-title: Int J Pharm – volume: 52 start-page: 501 year: 2008 end-page: 506 article-title: Ion release from casts of commercially pure titanium in mixed solutions of organic acids contained in human saliva publication-title: Nihon Hotetsu Shika Gakkai Zasshi – volume: 73 start-page: 1475 year: 1991 end-page: 1486 article-title: Release and excretion of metal in patients who have a total hip‐replacement component made of titanium‐base alloy publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Am – volume: 58 start-page: 245 year: 1978 end-page: 250 article-title: Lymphocyte transformation induced by nickel sulphate: an in vitro study of subjects with and without a positive nickel patch test publication-title: Acta Derm Venereol – volume: 33 start-page: 1531 year: 2009 end-page: 1536 article-title: Metal release and corrosion effects of modular neck total hip arthroplasty publication-title: Int Orthop – volume: 234 start-page: 314 year: 2009 end-page: 322 article-title: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles aggravate atopic dermatitis‐like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice publication-title: Exp Biol Med (Maywood) – start-page: 113 year: 2014 – volume: 5 start-page: 79 year: 1990 end-page: 84 article-title: Tissue reaction involving an intraoral skin graft and CP titanium abutments: a clinical report publication-title: Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants – volume: 33 start-page: 437 year: 1995 article-title: Granulomatous dermatitis after implantation of a titanium‐containing pacemaker publication-title: Contact Dermatitis – volume: 89 start-page: 1909 year: 2015 end-page: 1930 article-title: A review of critical factors for assessing the dermal absorption of metal oxide nanoparticles from sunscreens applied to humans, and a research strategy to address current deficiencies publication-title: Arch Toxicol – volume: 467 start-page: 90 year: 2014 end-page: 99 article-title: The influence of surface charge and photo‐reactivity on skin‐permeation enhancer property of nano‐TiO in ex vivo pig skin model under indoor light publication-title: Int J Pharm – volume: 8 start-page: 90 year: 2001 end-page: 92 article-title: A case of allergic reaction to surgical metal clips inserted for postoperative boost irradiation in a patient undergoing breast‐conserving therapy publication-title: Breast Cancer – volume: 26 start-page: 7 year: 2015 end-page: 25 article-title: Hypersensitivity reactions to titanium: diagnosis and management publication-title: Dermatitis – volume: 6 start-page: 175 year: 1980 end-page: 178 article-title: Sensitivity caused by internal exposure to nickel, chrome and cobalt publication-title: Contact Dermatitis – volume: 79 start-page: 38 year: 2013 end-page: 43 article-title: Titanium hypersensitivity. A hidden threat for dental implant patients? publication-title: N Y State Dent J – volume: 22 start-page: 278 year: 2013 end-page: 283 article-title: Subchronic exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to hairless rat skin publication-title: Exp Dermatol – volume: 358 start-page: 173 year: 1999 end-page: 180 article-title: Metal release and excretion from cementless titanium alloy total knee replacements publication-title: Clin Orthop Relat Res – volume: 25 start-page: 1443 year: 1991 end-page: 1458 article-title: Release of metal ions from dental implant materials in vivo: determination of Al, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, V, and Ti in organ tissue publication-title: J Biomed Mater Res – volume: 20 start-page: 289 year: 1999 end-page: 298 article-title: Metal‐specific lymphocytes: biomarkers of sensitivity in man publication-title: Neuro Endocrinol Lett – volume: 326 start-page: 71 year: 1996 end-page: 79 article-title: Immune response to synthetic materials. Sensitization of patients receiving orthopaedic implants publication-title: Clin Orthop Relat Res – volume: 161 start-page: 28 year: 2010 end-page: 33 article-title: Human skin and oral mucosal dendritic cells as ‘good guys’ and ‘bad guys’ in allergic immune responses publication-title: Clin Exp Immunol – volume: 46 start-page: 2242 year: 2012 end-page: 2250 article-title: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles in food and personal care products publication-title: Environ Sci Technol – volume: 22 start-page: 2931 year: 2001 end-page: 2936 article-title: The corrosion resistance of pure titanium in organic acids publication-title: Biomaterials – volume: 43 start-page: 1 year: 2014 end-page: 10 article-title: Corrosion kinetics and topography analysis of Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy subjected to different mouthwash solutions publication-title: Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl – volume: 43 start-page: 4227 year: 2009 end-page: 4233 article-title: Estimates of upper bounds and trends in nano‐TiO production as a basis for exposure assessment publication-title: Environ Sci Technol – volume: 5 start-page: 185 year: 1995 end-page: 208 article-title: Titanium metal release after posterior cervical spine plate placement in a canine model publication-title: J Long Term Eff Med Implants – volume: 53 start-page: 480 year: 2000 end-page: 489 article-title: A triple assay technique for the evaluation of metal‐induced, delayed‐type hypersensitivity responses in patients with or receiving total joint arthroplasty publication-title: J Biomed Mater Res – volume: 110 start-page: 462 year: 2013 end-page: 470 article-title: Influence of corrosion on lipopolysaccharide affinity for two different titanium materials publication-title: J Prosthet Dent – volume: 19 start-page: 823 year: 2008 end-page: 835 article-title: Titanium allergy in dental implant patients: a clinical study on 1500 consecutive patients publication-title: Clin Oral Implants Res – volume: 72 start-page: 310 year: 2015 end-page: 322 article-title: Nanoparticles skin absorption: new aspects for a safety profile evaluation publication-title: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol – volume: 20 start-page: 301 year: 2006 end-page: 307 article-title: The in vitro absorption of microfine zinc oxide and titanium dioxide through porcine skin publication-title: Toxicol In Vitro – year: 2013 – year: 1985 – volume: 67 start-page: 342 year: 2012 end-page: 350 article-title: Nickel allergy in relation to piercing and orthodontic appliances – a population study publication-title: Contact Dermatitis – volume: 13 start-page: 294 year: 1985 end-page: 301 article-title: Allergy in hip arthroplasty publication-title: Contact Dermatitis – volume: 56 start-page: 1466 year: 1998 end-page: 1467 article-title: Allergic responses to titanium publication-title: J Oral Maxillofac Surg – volume: 19 start-page: 1495 year: 1998 end-page: 1499 article-title: In vitro corrosion of titanium publication-title: Biomaterials – volume: 5 start-page: 57 year: 2013 end-page: 61 article-title: Allergy related to dental implant and its clinical significance publication-title: Clin Cosmet Investig Dent – volume: 5 start-page: 3640 year: 2009 end-page: 3646 article-title: Peri‐implant and systemic release of metallic elements following insertion of a mandibular modular endoprosthesis in Macaca fascicularis publication-title: Acta Biomater – volume: 81 start-page: 155 year: 1999 end-page: 162 article-title: Induction of macrophage C‐C chemokine expression by titanium alloy and bone cement particles publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Br – volume: 286 start-page: 298 year: 2015 end-page: 305 article-title: Interactions between nano‐TiO and the oral cavity: impact of nanomaterial surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity publication-title: J Hazard Mater – volume: 23 start-page: 450 year: 1994 end-page: 452 article-title: Titanium deposition in regional lymph nodes after insertion of titanium screw implants in maxillofacial region publication-title: Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg – volume: 96 start-page: e57 year: 2013 end-page: e59 article-title: Severe allergic dermatitis after closure of foramen ovale with Amplatzer occluder publication-title: Ann Thorac Surg – volume: 14 start-page: 92 year: 2001 end-page: 97 article-title: The human stratum corneum layer: an effective barrier against dermal uptake of different forms of topically applied micronised titanium dioxide publication-title: Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol – volume: 73 start-page: e21 year: 2015 article-title: Titanium dioxide induces eyelid dermatitis in patients allergic to gold publication-title: J Am Acad Dermatol – volume: 47 start-page: 214 year: 2002 end-page: 217 article-title: A study of titanium release into body organs following the insertion of single threaded screw implants into the mandibles of sheep publication-title: Aust Dent J – volume: 67 start-page: 713 year: 1976 end-page: 717 article-title: The in vitro permeability of skin and buccal mucosa to selected drugs and tritiated water publication-title: J Invest Dermatol – volume: 25 start-page: 463 year: 2012 end-page: 469 article-title: Allergy to orthopedic metal implants – a prospective study publication-title: Int J Occup Med Environ Health – volume: 2 start-page: 13 year: 1991 end-page: 32 article-title: The permeability of oral mucosa publication-title: Crit Rev Oral Biol Med – volume: 19 start-page: 1621 year: 1998 end-page: 1639 article-title: Titanium alloys in total joint replacement – a materials science perspective publication-title: Biomaterials – volume: 21 start-page: 2059 year: 2000 end-page: 2065 article-title: Expression of the CD69 activation antigen on lymphocytes of patients with hip prosthesis publication-title: Biomaterials – volume: 6 start-page: 399 year: 2012 end-page: 413 article-title: Evaluation of a physiological in vitro system to study the transport of nanoparticles through the buccal mucosa publication-title: Nanotoxicology – volume: 81 start-page: 603 year: 1999 end-page: 615 article-title: Signaling pathways for tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and interleukin‐6 expression in human macrophages exposed to titanium‐alloy particulate debris in vitro publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Am – volume: 92 start-page: 1623 year: 2010 end-page: 1634 article-title: In vitro biocompatibility evaluation of surface‐modified titanium alloys publication-title: J Biomed Mater Res A – volume: 20 start-page: 10 year: 2007 end-page: 20 article-title: In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo stratum corneum distribution of an organic and a mineral sunscreen publication-title: Skin Pharmacol Physiol – volume: 39 start-page: 476 year: 1980 end-page: 480 article-title: Metal sensitivity causing loosened joint prostheses publication-title: Ann Rheum Dis – volume: 86 start-page: 149 year: 2008 end-page: 159 article-title: Effects of pH and fluoride concentration on the corrosion of titanium publication-title: J Biomed Mater Res A – volume: 95 start-page: 1004 year: 2010 end-page: 1010 article-title: Biocorrosion and uptake of titanium by human osteoclasts publication-title: J Biomed Mater Res A – volume: 24 start-page: 1905 year: 2010 end-page: 1910 article-title: Titanium ion induces necrosis and sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide in gingival epithelial‐like cells publication-title: Toxicol In Vitro – volume: 56 start-page: 427 year: 2001 end-page: 436 article-title: Differential lymphocyte reactivity to serum‐derived metal–protein complexes produced from cobalt‐based and titanium‐based implant alloy degradation publication-title: J Biomed Mater Res – volume: 19 start-page: 167 year: 1997 end-page: 172 article-title: Zinc and titanium oxides: promising UV‐absorbers but what influence do they have on the intact skin? publication-title: Int J Cosmet Sci – volume: 811 start-page: 1 year: 2014 end-page: 17 article-title: Presence in, and release of, nanomaterials from consumer products publication-title: Adv Exp Med Biol – volume: 9 start-page: 457 year: 2013 end-page: 466 article-title: In‐vitro permeability of neutral polystyrene particles via buccal mucosa publication-title: Small – volume: 2013 start-page: 932167 year: 2013 article-title: Hypersensitivity to suture anchors publication-title: Case Rep Orthop – year: 2003 – volume: 45 start-page: 244 year: 2001 end-page: 245 article-title: Allergic contact dermatitis from ‘titanium’ spectacle frames publication-title: Contact Dermatitis – volume: 62 start-page: 24 year: 2007 end-page: 25 article-title: Implant failure due to titanium hypersensitivity/allergy? – Report of a case publication-title: SADJ – volume: 30 start-page: 103 year: 2002 end-page: 107 article-title: Tissue changes adjacent to titanium plates in patients publication-title: J Craniomaxillofac Surg – volume: 73 start-page: 559 year: 1991 end-page: 563 article-title: Metal wear and tissue response in failed titanium alloy total hip replacements publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Br – volume: 26 start-page: 11 year: 2005 end-page: 21 article-title: Comparison of metal release from various metallic biomaterials in vitro publication-title: Biomaterials – volume: 22 start-page: 266 year: 2009 end-page: 275 article-title: Stratum corneum is an effective barrier to TiO and ZnO nanoparticle percutaneous absorption publication-title: Skin Pharmacol Physiol – volume: 4 start-page: 376 year: 1975 end-page: 378 article-title: Incidence of metal sensitivity in patients with total joint replacements publication-title: Br Med J – volume: 99 start-page: 191 year: 1978 end-page: 196 article-title: Lymphocyte transformation in patients with cobalt dermatitis publication-title: BrJ Dermatol – volume: 35 start-page: 107 year: 2010 end-page: 113 article-title: Study on penetration of titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles into intact and damaged skin in vitro publication-title: J Toxicol Sci – volume: 125 start-page: 2339 year: 2000 end-page: 2343 article-title: Determination of titanium dioxide in foods using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry publication-title: Analyst – volume: 102 start-page: 22 year: 2014 end-page: 30 article-title: Effect of bleaching agents and soft drink on titanium surface topography publication-title: J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater – volume: 85 start-page: 441 year: 1991 end-page: 445 article-title: Reduced frequency of nickel allergy upon oral nickel contact at an early age publication-title: Clin Exp Immunol – volume: 29 start-page: 1494 year: 2008 end-page: 1500 article-title: Sensitivity to implant materials in patients with total knee arthroplasties publication-title: Biomaterials – volume: 11 start-page: 214 year: 1984 end-page: 218 article-title: Pacemaker contact sensitivity publication-title: Contact Dermatitis – volume: 2 start-page: 306 year: 2010 end-page: 310 article-title: Titanium allergy or not? ‘Impurity’ of titanium implant materials publication-title: Health – volume: 126 start-page: 58 year: 2004 end-page: 64 article-title: Hypersensitivity to metals in orthodontics publication-title: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop – volume: 78 start-page: 546 year: 1996 end-page: 549 article-title: Hypersensitivity in aseptic loosening of total hip replacements. The role of constituents of bone cement publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Br – volume: 20 start-page: 89 year: 1981 end-page: 94 article-title: Metal sensitivity reactions to orthopedic implants publication-title: Int J Dermatol – volume: 14 start-page: 69 year: 2003 end-page: 77 article-title: The influence of complexing agent and proteins on the corrosion of stainless steels and their metal components publication-title: J Mater Sci Mater Med – volume: 8 start-page: 71 year: 2012 end-page: 85 article-title: What is the role of lipopolysaccharide on the tribocorrosive behavior of titanium? publication-title: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater – volume: 77 start-page: 691 year: 2011 end-page: 695 article-title: Revision of a tibial baseplate using a customized oxinium component in a case of suspected metal allergy. A case report publication-title: Acta Orthop Belg – volume: 12 start-page: 749 year: 2010 end-page: 750 article-title: Gold‐coated pacemaker implantation after allergic reactions to pacemaker compounds publication-title: Europace – volume: 55 start-page: 199 year: 2006 end-page: 202 article-title: Hypersensitivity to titanium osteosynthesis with impaired fracture healing, eczema, and T‐cell hyperresponsiveness in vitro: case report and review of the literature publication-title: Contact Dermatitis – volume: 73 start-page: 25 year: 1991 end-page: 28 article-title: Sensitivity to titanium. A cause of implant failure? publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Br – volume: 6 start-page: 212 year: 1980 end-page: 213 article-title: Pacemaker dermatitis publication-title: Contact Dermatitis – volume: 7 start-page: e48719 year: 2012 article-title: Photoinduced disaggregation of TiO nanoparticles enables transdermal penetration publication-title: PLoS One – volume: 91 start-page: 1252 year: 2009 end-page: 1262 article-title: Metal is not inert: role of metal ions released by biocorrosion in aseptic loosening – current concepts publication-title: J Biomed Mater Res A – volume: 23 start-page: 501 year: 2014 end-page: 503 article-title: Allergic reaction to titanium‐made fixed dental restorations: a clinical report publication-title: J Prosthodontics – volume: 334 start-page: 215 year: 2007 end-page: 218 article-title: Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome: suspected association with titanium bioprosthesis publication-title: Am J Med Sci – volume: 54 start-page: S157 year: 2002 end-page: S163 article-title: Distribution of sunscreens on skin publication-title: Adv Drug Deliv Rev – volume: 107 start-page: 19449 year: 2010 end-page: 19454 article-title: Nanoparticles activate the NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome and cause pulmonary inflammation through release of IL‐1α and IL‐1β publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA – start-page: 732 year: 1968 end-page: 738 – volume: 14 start-page: 1117 year: 1969 end-page: 1119 article-title: The penetration of human gingival sulcular tissue by carbon particles publication-title: Arch Oral Biol – volume: 115 start-page: 156 year: 2010 end-page: 166 article-title: Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano‐ and submicron‐size TiO particles publication-title: Toxicol Sci – volume: 25 start-page: 859 year: 2012 end-page: 862 article-title: The role of fluoride on the process of titanium corrosion in oral cavity publication-title: Biometals – volume: 21 start-page: 81 year: 2010 end-page: 88 article-title: Calcium and titanium release in simulated body fluid from plasma electrolytically oxidized titanium publication-title: J Mater Sci Mater Med – volume: 49 start-page: 129 year: 2003 end-page: 137 article-title: Surface characterization of titanium and adsorption of bovine serum albumin publication-title: Mater Charact – volume: 106 start-page: 114 year: 2010 end-page: 117 article-title: Nano titanium dioxide particles promote allergic sensitization and lung inflammation in mice publication-title: Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol – volume: pii start-page: S1067‐2516(15)00296‐3 year: 2015 article-title: Long‐term fever after hallux valgus surgery secondary to titanium allergy: a case report and review of the literature publication-title: J Foot Ankle Surg – volume: 90 start-page: 613 year: 2011 end-page: 618 article-title: The role of lipopolysaccharide on the electrochemical behavior of titanium publication-title: J Dent Res – volume: 50 start-page: 247 year: 2011 end-page: 254 article-title: Nanoparticles: small and mighty publication-title: Int J Dermatol – volume: 77 start-page: 257 year: 2006 end-page: 264 article-title: Sensitivity to implant materials in patients undergoing total hip replacement publication-title: J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater – volume: 64 start-page: 1157 year: 2009 end-page: 1165 article-title: Increased metal allergy in patients with failed metal‐on‐metal hip arthroplasty and peri‐implant T‐lymphocytic inflammation publication-title: Allergy – volume: 37 start-page: 185 year: 1996 end-page: 187 article-title: A pilot study on the percutaneous absorption of microfine titanium dioxide from sunscreens publication-title: Australas J Dermatol – volume: 22 start-page: 256 year: 2011 end-page: 271 article-title: Patch testing with a large series of metal allergens: findings from more than 1,000 patients in one decade at Mayo Clinic publication-title: Dermatitis – volume: 104 start-page: 319 year: 2005 end-page: 325 article-title: The impact of metallic allergy on stent implantation: metal allergy and recurrence of in‐stent restenosis publication-title: Int J Cardiol – volume: 73 start-page: 231 year: 2015 end-page: 238 article-title: Jewellery: alloy composition and release of nickel, cobalt and lead assessed with the EU synthetic sweat method publication-title: Contact Dermatitis – volume: 117 start-page: 383 year: 1998 end-page: 386 article-title: Sensitivity to metals in 40 patients with failed hip endoprosthesis publication-title: Arch Orthop Trauma Surg – volume: 108 start-page: 209 year: 2012 end-page: 213 article-title: Allergic contact stomatitis caused by a titanium nitride‐coated implant abutment: a clinical report publication-title: J Prosthet Dent – volume: 12 start-page: 201 year: 2012 end-page: 207 article-title: Hypersensitivity to titanium: a less explored area of research publication-title: J Indian Prosthodont Soc – volume: 57 start-page: 1017 year: 1994 end-page: 1018 article-title: Pacemaker contact sensitivity: clinical recognition and management publication-title: Ann Thorac Surg – volume: 29 start-page: 1299 year: 2006 end-page: 302 article-title: Pacemaker contact dermatitis: the effective use of a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet publication-title: Pacing Clin Electrophysiol – volume: 124 start-page: 104 year: 2004 end-page: 113 article-title: Difference in metallic wear distribution released from commercially pure titanium compared with stainless steel plates publication-title: Arch Orthop Trauma Surg – volume: 7 start-page: 163 year: 1986 end-page: 175 article-title: Metal release from dental biomaterials publication-title: Biomaterials – volume: 9 start-page: 253 year: 2015 end-page: 261 article-title: The buccal mucosa as a route for TiO nanoparticle uptake publication-title: Nanotoxicology – volume: 68 start-page: 191 year: 2013 end-page: 192 article-title: Chromate or titanium allergy – the role of impurities? publication-title: Contact Dermatitis – volume: 122 start-page: 293 year: 1990 end-page: 298 article-title: The discrimination between nickel‐sensitive and non‐nickel‐sensitive subjects by an in vitro lymphocyte transformation test publication-title: Br J Dermatol – volume: 71 start-page: 318 year: 2001 end-page: 323 article-title: Sensitivity of titanium brackets to the corrosive influence of fluoride‐containing toothpaste and tea publication-title: Angle Orthod – volume: 9 start-page: e93377 year: 2014 article-title: Effects of dextrose and lipopolysaccharide on the corrosion behavior of a Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy with a smooth surface or treated with double‐acid‐etching publication-title: PLoS One – volume: 430 start-page: 28 year: 2005 end-page: 38 article-title: The microenvironment around total hip replacement prostheses publication-title: Clin Orthop Relat Res – volume: 56 start-page: 767 year: 2001 end-page: 770 article-title: Molecular analysis of T‐cell clonality with concomitant specific T‐cell proliferation in vitro in nickel‐allergic individuals publication-title: Allergy – volume: 24 start-page: 57 year: 2003 end-page: 64 article-title: Validity of MELISA for metal sensitivity testing publication-title: Neuro Endocrinol Lett – volume: 25 start-page: 1863 year: 2011 end-page: 1869 article-title: Analysis for the potential of polystyrene and TiO nanoparticles to induce skin irritation, phototoxicity, and sensitization publication-title: Toxicol In Vitro – volume: 164 start-page: 473 year: 2011 end-page: 478 article-title: Pragmatic approach to the clinical work‐up of patients with putative allergic disease to metallic orthopaedic implants before and after surgery publication-title: Br J Dermatol – volume: 83 start-page: 529 year: 1986 end-page: 531 article-title: Lipids of epidermis and keratinized and non‐keratinized oral epithelia publication-title: Comp Biochem Physiol B – volume: 30 start-page: 185 year: 2001 end-page: 188 article-title: Dynamic study about metal release from titanium miniplates in maxillofacial surgery publication-title: Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg – volume: 100 start-page: 344 year: 2008 end-page: 347 article-title: Suspected association of an allergic reaction with titanium dental implants: a clinical report publication-title: J Prosthet Dent – volume: 15 start-page: 688 year: 1997 end-page: 699 article-title: Prosthetic metals impair murine immune response and cytokine release in vivo and in vitro publication-title: J Orthop Res – volume: 59 start-page: 447 year: 1979 end-page: 451 article-title: In vitro lymphocyte transformation to nickel: a study of nickel‐sensitive patients before and after epicutaneous and oral challenge with nickel publication-title: Acta Derm Venereol – volume: 26 start-page: 566 year: 2012 end-page: 567 article-title: Pin site allergic contact dermatitis: an unusual complication of halo fixation publication-title: Br J Neurosurg – volume: 326 start-page: 63 year: 1996 end-page: 70 article-title: The immune response to implant materials in humans publication-title: Clin Orthop Relat Res – volume: 16 start-page: 881 year: 1971 end-page: 888 article-title: A study of permeability of gingival pocket epithelium to albumin in guinea pigs and Norwegian pigs publication-title: Arch Oral Biol – volume: 49 start-page: 361 year: 1999 end-page: 367 article-title: In vitro corrosion behaviour and metallic ion release of different prosthodontic alloys publication-title: Int Dent J – volume: 15 start-page: 505 year: 2004 end-page: 512 article-title: Titanium release from implants prepared with different surface roughness publication-title: Clin Oral Implants Res – volume: 12 start-page: 9282 year: 2015 end-page: 9297 article-title: Titanium dioxide nanoparticle penetration into the skin and effects on HaCaT cells publication-title: Int J Environ Res Public Health – volume: 5 start-page: 511 year: 2009 end-page: 520 article-title: Adverse effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on human dermal fibroblasts and how to protect cells publication-title: Small – volume: 209 start-page: 101 year: 2005 end-page: 107 article-title: T cell receptor (TCR) interaction with haptens: metal ions as non‐classical haptens publication-title: Toxicology – volume: 77 start-page: 1201 year: 2006 end-page: 1210 article-title: Host response to titanium dental implant placement evaluated in a human oral model publication-title: J Periodontol – volume: 19 start-page: 3015 year: 2008 end-page: 3019 article-title: Dental casting alloys behaviour during power toothbrushing with toothpastes of various abrasivities. Part II: corrosion and ion release publication-title: J Mater Sci Mater Med – volume: 64 start-page: 273 year: 2011 end-page: 279 article-title: Metal sensitivity in patients with orthopaedic implants: a prospective study publication-title: Contact Dermatitis – volume: 20 start-page: 305 year: 2001 end-page: 314 article-title: Corrosion behavior of pure titanium and titanium alloys in fluoride‐containing solutions publication-title: Dent Mater J – volume: 15 start-page: 938 year: 2000 end-page: 943 article-title: Serum titanium level for diagnosis of a failed, metal‐backed patellar component publication-title: J Arthroplasty – volume: 93 start-page: e61 year: 2011 article-title: Impaired wound‐healing, local eczema, and chronic inflammation following titanium osteosynthesis in a nickel and cobalt‐allergic patient: a case report and review of the literature publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Am – volume: 20 start-page: 693 year: 2004 end-page: 700 article-title: Titanium orthodontic brackets: structure, composition, hardness and ionic release publication-title: Dent Mater – volume: 88 start-page: 1513 year: 2012 end-page: 1521 article-title: Penetration study of formulated nanosized titanium dioxide in models of damaged and sun‐irradiated skins publication-title: Photochem Photobiol – volume: 59 start-page: 164 year: 1977 end-page: 168 article-title: Sensitivity to metal as a possible cause of sterile loosening after cobalt‐chromium total hip‐replacement arthroplasty publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Am – volume: 84 start-page: 9 year: 2005 end-page: 20 article-title: The junctional epithelium: from health to disease publication-title: J Dent Res – volume: 12 start-page: 247 year: 1999 end-page: 256 article-title: Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice publication-title: Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol – volume: 92 start-page: 634 year: 2010 end-page: 638 article-title: The potential role of metal ion release as a marker of loosening in patients with total knee replacement: a cohort study publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Br – volume: 55 start-page: 716 year: 2006 end-page: 720 article-title: Granulomatous reaction to titanium alloy: an unusual reaction to ear piercing publication-title: J Am Acad Dermatol – volume: 28 start-page: 540 year: 2001 end-page: 548 article-title: In vitro assessment of corrosive properties of titanium as a biomaterial publication-title: J Oral Rehabil – volume: 22 start-page: 271 year: 2000 end-page: 283 article-title: Skin penetration and stabilization of formulations containing microfine titanium dioxide as physical UV filter publication-title: Int J Cosmet Sci – volume: 176 start-page: 320 year: 1998 end-page: 323 article-title: Are allergic reactions to skin clips associated with delayed wound healing? publication-title: Am J Surg – volume: 191 start-page: 1 year: 2009 end-page: 8 article-title: Toxicity and penetration of TiO nanoparticles in hairless mice and porcine skin after subchronic dermal exposure publication-title: Toxicol Lett – volume: 18 start-page: 407 year: 1992 end-page: 410 article-title: Allergy to components of total hip arthroplasty before and after surgery publication-title: Ital J Orthop Traumatol – volume: 9 start-page: 15 year: 2012 article-title: Nano‐titanium dioxide modulates the dermal sensitization potency of DNCB publication-title: Part Fibre Toxicol – year: 2000 – volume: 220 start-page: 82 year: 2004 end-page: 86 article-title: Investigations of percutaneous uptake of ultrafine TiO particles at the high energy ion nanoprobe LIPSION publication-title: Nucl Instr Meth Phys Res – volume: 2013 start-page: 539834 year: 2013 article-title: Allergy or tolerance: reduced inflammatory cytokine response and concomitant IL‐10 production of lymphocytes and monocytes in symptom‐free titanium dental implant patients publication-title: Biomed Res Int – volume: 61 start-page: 685 year: 2009 end-page: 692 article-title: The safety of nanosized particles in titanium dioxide‐ and zinc oxide‐based sunscreens publication-title: J Am Acad Dermatol – volume: 31 start-page: 227 year: 1996 end-page: 234 article-title: Local accumulation of titanium released from a titanium implant in the absence of wear publication-title: J Biomed Mater Res – volume: 260 start-page: 174 year: 2007 end-page: 177 article-title: On the follicular pathway of percutaneous uptake of nanoparticles: ion microscopy and autoradiography studies publication-title: Nucl Instr Meth Phys Res B – volume: 7 start-page: 30 year: 1986 end-page: 36 article-title: The biological response to titanium and titanium‐aluminium‐vanadium alloy particles. I. Tissue culture studies publication-title: Biomaterials – volume: 144 start-page: 999 year: 2008 end-page: 1007 article-title: Retrospective evaluation of patch testing before or after metal device implantation publication-title: Arch Dermatol – year: 1988 – volume: 27 start-page: 31 year: 2006 end-page: 35 article-title: Hypersensitivity to titanium: clinical and laboratory evidence publication-title: Neuro Endocrinol Lett – volume: 12 start-page: 173 year: 1985 article-title: Pacemaker contact sensitivity publication-title: Contact Dermatitis – volume: 10 start-page: 064037 year: 2005 article-title: Effect of size of TiO nanoparticles embedded into stratum corneum on ultraviolet‐A and ultraviolet‐B sun‐blocking properties of the skin publication-title: J Biomed Opt – volume: 21 start-page: 1301 year: 2000 end-page: 1314 article-title: Hypersensitivity to metallic biomaterials: a review of leukocyte migration inhibition assays publication-title: Biomaterials – volume: 8 start-page: 12 year: 2013 article-title: Prospective analysis of human leukocyte functional tests reveals metal sensitivity in patients with hip implant publication-title: J Orthop Surg Res – volume: 11 start-page: 475 year: 1985 end-page: 481 article-title: The lymphocytic transformation test (L.T.T) in the evaluation of intolerance in prosthetic implants publication-title: Ital J Orthop Traumatol – volume: 35 start-page: 1476 year: 2012 end-page: 1486 article-title: Measurement of skin permeation/penetration of nanoparticles for their safety evaluation publication-title: Biol Pharm Bull – volume: 1 start-page: 421 year: 1984 end-page: 430 article-title: Metal ion release from titanium‐based prosthetic segmental replacements of long bones in baboons: a long‐term study publication-title: J Orthop Res – volume: 24 start-page: 3585 year: 2003 end-page: 3592 article-title: Ion release from NiTi orthodontic wires in artificial saliva with various acidities publication-title: Biomaterials – ident: e_1_2_11_121_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1991.tb05746.x – ident: e_1_2_11_168_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.01966.x – ident: e_1_2_11_145_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2006.00931.x – ident: e_1_2_11_99_1 doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.32625 – ident: e_1_2_11_64_1 doi: 10.1016/S1044-5803(02)00341-8 – ident: e_1_2_11_12_1 doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.89B5.18903 – ident: e_1_2_11_54_1 doi: 10.1177/10454411910020010301 – ident: e_1_2_11_161_1 doi: 10.1007/s004020050272 – ident: e_1_2_11_35_1 doi: 10.1016/S0169-409X(02)00120-5 – ident: e_1_2_11_111_1 doi: 10.5435/00124635-200902000-00003 – ident: e_1_2_11_154_1 doi: 10.1159/000237456 – ident: e_1_2_11_188_1 doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.440409-13.x – ident: e_1_2_11_52_1 doi: 10.1007/s00204-015-1564-z – ident: e_1_2_11_182_1 doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2015.06.021 – ident: e_1_2_11_130_1 doi: 10.1002/smll.200800798 – ident: e_1_2_11_11_1 – volume: 8 start-page: 502 year: 1993 ident: e_1_2_11_81_1 article-title: Metal release from titanium fixtures during placement in the mandible: an experimental study publication-title: Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants – volume: 62 start-page: 24 year: 2007 ident: e_1_2_11_205_1 article-title: Implant failure due to titanium hypersensitivity/allergy? – Report of a case publication-title: SADJ – ident: e_1_2_11_163_1 doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.05.014 – ident: e_1_2_11_202_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1985.tb01089.x – ident: e_1_2_11_98_1 doi: 10.1023/A:1021505621388 – ident: e_1_2_11_3_1 – ident: e_1_2_11_138_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb08276.x – ident: e_1_2_11_159_1 doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.78B4.0780546 – ident: e_1_2_11_170_1 doi: 10.1186/1749-799X-8-12 – ident: e_1_2_11_143_1 doi: 10.1136/ard.39.5.476 – volume-title: Biological Effects of Corrosion Products from Metals. Corrosion and Degradation of Implant Materials year: 1985 ident: e_1_2_11_97_1 – ident: e_1_2_11_110_1 doi: 10.1007/s00402-003-0614-9 – ident: e_1_2_11_15_1 doi: 10.5772/55353 – ident: e_1_2_11_185_1 doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.450417.x – ident: e_1_2_11_71_1 doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2004.02.008 – volume-title: Titanium: A Technical Guide year: 1988 ident: e_1_2_11_6_1 – ident: e_1_2_11_195_1 doi: 10.1001/archderm.144.8.999 – ident: e_1_2_11_172_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1980.tb05601.x – ident: e_1_2_11_79_1 doi: 10.4012/dmj.2011-031 – ident: e_1_2_11_88_1 doi: 10.3109/00016359509005948 – ident: e_1_2_11_115_1 doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2013.04.004 – ident: e_1_2_11_112_1 doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.32914 – ident: e_1_2_11_53_1 doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.005 – ident: e_1_2_11_50_1 doi: 10.1111/exd.12121 – ident: e_1_2_11_55_1 doi: 10.1016/0305-0491(86)90291-9 – ident: e_1_2_11_103_1 doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.32949 – ident: e_1_2_11_176_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2006.00535.x – ident: e_1_2_11_105_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.11.004 – ident: e_1_2_11_101_1 doi: 10.1002/jor.1100150510 – ident: e_1_2_11_30_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.1997.tb00175.x – ident: e_1_2_11_167_1 doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2004.09.012 – ident: e_1_2_11_93_1 doi: 10.1054/ijom.2000.0039 – ident: e_1_2_11_20_1 doi: 10.1186/1743-8977-9-15 – volume: 27 start-page: 31 year: 2006 ident: e_1_2_11_125_1 article-title: Hypersensitivity to titanium: clinical and laboratory evidence publication-title: Neuro Endocrinol Lett – ident: e_1_2_11_156_1 doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5993.376 – ident: e_1_2_11_164_1 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.12.034 – ident: e_1_2_11_140_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb01981.x – ident: e_1_2_11_123_1 doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2004.12.015 – ident: e_1_2_11_25_1 doi: 10.1039/b006285p – ident: e_1_2_11_94_1 doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.88B4.17333 – ident: e_1_2_11_104_1 doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.06.033 – ident: e_1_2_11_60_1 doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(71)90178-6 – ident: e_1_2_11_118_1 doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.31415 – ident: e_1_2_11_191_1 doi: 10.2147/CCIDE.S35170 – ident: e_1_2_11_19_1 doi: 10.1111/cod.12434 – volume: 71 start-page: 318 year: 2001 ident: e_1_2_11_92_1 article-title: Sensitivity of titanium brackets to the corrosive influence of fluoride‐containing toothpaste and tea publication-title: Angle Orthod – ident: e_1_2_11_14_1 – volume: 5 start-page: 185 year: 1995 ident: e_1_2_11_83_1 article-title: Titanium metal release after posterior cervical spine plate placement in a canine model publication-title: J Long Term Eff Med Implants – ident: e_1_2_11_165_1 doi: 10.1097/00003086-199605000-00008 – ident: e_1_2_11_69_1 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00690.x – ident: e_1_2_11_127_1 doi: 10.1902/jop.2006.050406 – ident: e_1_2_11_34_1 doi: 10.1159/000056396 – ident: e_1_2_11_150_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1981.tb00408.x – ident: e_1_2_11_21_1 doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-8739-0_1 – ident: e_1_2_11_9_1 doi: 10.1007/s13191-012-0139-4 – ident: e_1_2_11_26_1 doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.05.020 – volume: 58 start-page: 245 year: 1978 ident: e_1_2_11_139_1 article-title: Lymphocyte transformation induced by nickel sulphate: an in vitro study of subjects with and without a positive nickel patch test publication-title: Acta Derm Venereol doi: 10.2340/0001555558245250 – ident: e_1_2_11_178_1 doi: 10.1093/europace/eup411 – ident: e_1_2_11_85_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2002.tb00331.x – start-page: 732 volume-title: The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements year: 1968 ident: e_1_2_11_2_1 – ident: e_1_2_11_46_1 doi: 10.2131/jts.35.107 – ident: e_1_2_11_134_1 doi: 10.2106/00004623-200103000-00017 – ident: e_1_2_11_175_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb02089.x – ident: e_1_2_11_187_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1981.tb04094.x – ident: e_1_2_11_59_1 doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(69)90082-X – ident: e_1_2_11_67_1 doi: 10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00040-0 – ident: e_1_2_11_24_1 doi: 10.3181/0810-RM-304 – ident: e_1_2_11_173_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1984.tb00986.x – volume: 5 start-page: 79 year: 1990 ident: e_1_2_11_203_1 article-title: Tissue reaction involving an intraoral skin graft and CP titanium abutments: a clinical report publication-title: Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants – ident: e_1_2_11_129_1 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1008155107 – volume: 59 start-page: 447 year: 1979 ident: e_1_2_11_141_1 article-title: In vitro lymphocyte transformation to nickel: a study of nickel‐sensitive patients before and after epicutaneous and oral challenge with nickel publication-title: Acta Derm Venereol doi: 10.2340/0001555559447451 – ident: e_1_2_11_152_1 doi: 10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00099-5 – ident: e_1_2_11_44_1 doi: 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.032 – ident: e_1_2_11_49_1 doi: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00103 – ident: e_1_2_11_51_1 doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.052 – ident: e_1_2_11_171_1 doi: 10.1155/2013/539834 – ident: e_1_2_11_204_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.02.028 – ident: e_1_2_11_62_1 doi: 10.1002/smll.201201789 – ident: e_1_2_11_148_1 doi: 10.1097/00003086-199605000-00009 – ident: e_1_2_11_116_1 doi: 10.4012/dmj.21.83 – ident: e_1_2_11_43_1 doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.1999.211924.x – ident: e_1_2_11_198_1 doi: 10.1007/BF02967485 – ident: e_1_2_11_4_1 doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.052 – ident: e_1_2_11_193_1 doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.11.038 – ident: e_1_2_11_102_1 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093377 – ident: e_1_2_11_133_1 doi: 10.1054/jcms.2002.0286 – ident: e_1_2_11_42_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.1997.tb00180.x – volume: 2013 start-page: 932167 year: 2013 ident: e_1_2_11_180_1 article-title: Hypersensitivity to suture anchors publication-title: Case Rep Orthop – ident: e_1_2_11_122_1 doi: 10.1111/cod.12127 – ident: e_1_2_11_197_1 doi: 10.2478/s13382-012-0029-3 – volume: 78 start-page: 1135 year: 1999 ident: e_1_2_11_162_1 article-title: A skin patch test for the diagnosis of titanium allergy publication-title: J Dent Res – ident: e_1_2_11_76_1 doi: 10.1007/s00264-009-0729-x – ident: e_1_2_11_119_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04162.x – ident: e_1_2_11_137_1 doi: 10.1111/cod.12024 – ident: e_1_2_11_41_1 doi: 10.3390/ijerph120809282 – ident: e_1_2_11_90_1 doi: 10.1097/00003086-199901000-00021 – ident: e_1_2_11_192_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.03.046 – ident: e_1_2_11_56_1 doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12598596 – ident: e_1_2_11_63_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.064 – volume: 77 start-page: 691 year: 2011 ident: e_1_2_11_179_1 article-title: Revision of a tibial baseplate using a customized oxinium component in a case of suspected metal allergy. A case report publication-title: Acta Orthop Belg – ident: e_1_2_11_33_1 doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.2000.00009.x – ident: e_1_2_11_38_1 doi: 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.02.021 – ident: e_1_2_11_124_1 doi: 10.2106/00004623-199905000-00002 – volume: 6 start-page: 7 year: 2009 ident: e_1_2_11_77_1 article-title: Comparative evaluation of metal ion release from titanium and Ti‐6Al‐7Nb into bio‐fluids publication-title: Dent Res J (Isfahan) – ident: e_1_2_11_109_1 doi: 10.1097/01.blo.0000150451.50452.da – ident: e_1_2_11_200_1 doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.01.079 – ident: e_1_2_11_184_1 doi: 10.2106/JBJS.J.00317 – ident: e_1_2_11_177_1 doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318141f723 – ident: e_1_2_11_27_1 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048719 – ident: e_1_2_11_114_1 doi: 10.1002/jbm.820251204 – ident: e_1_2_11_40_1 doi: 10.1159/000235554 – ident: e_1_2_11_84_1 doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199606)31:2<227::AID-JBM9>3.0.CO;2-P – ident: e_1_2_11_194_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01544.x – ident: e_1_2_11_22_1 doi: 10.1021/es204168d – ident: e_1_2_11_48_1 doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr148 – ident: e_1_2_11_147_1 doi: 10.1016/S0142-9612(99)00235-5 – ident: e_1_2_11_28_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01181.x – ident: e_1_2_11_146_1 doi: 10.1002/1097-4636(20010905)56:3<427::AID-JBM1112>3.0.CO;2-E – ident: e_1_2_11_75_1 doi: 10.2186/jjps.52.501 – ident: e_1_2_11_5_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04815.x – ident: e_1_2_11_136_1 – ident: e_1_2_11_183_1 doi: 10.1016/S0278-2391(98)90439-6 – ident: e_1_2_11_160_1 doi: 10.1016/S0002-9610(98)00197-4 – ident: e_1_2_11_186_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1980.tb05593.x – ident: e_1_2_11_107_1 doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.73B4.2071635 – volume: 24 start-page: 57 year: 2003 ident: e_1_2_11_151_1 article-title: Validity of MELISA for metal sensitivity testing publication-title: Neuro Endocrinol Lett – ident: e_1_2_11_13_1 doi: 10.1016/S0142-9612(97)00146-4 – ident: e_1_2_11_66_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1875-595X.1999.tb00538.x – ident: e_1_2_11_17_1 doi: 10.4236/health.2010.24045 – ident: e_1_2_11_117_1 doi: 10.1007/s10534-012-9570-6 – ident: e_1_2_11_126_1 doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.81B1.8884 – ident: e_1_2_11_199_1 doi: 10.1016/S0022-3913(08)60233-4 – ident: e_1_2_11_18_1 doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.05.022 – ident: e_1_2_11_155_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10144.x – ident: e_1_2_11_169_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01886.x – ident: e_1_2_11_29_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.1996.tb01050.x – ident: e_1_2_11_181_1 doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.10.089 – ident: e_1_2_11_58_1 doi: 10.1177/154405910508400102 – ident: e_1_2_11_74_1 doi: 10.1007/s10856-008-3432-3 – ident: e_1_2_11_45_1 doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.08.008 – ident: e_1_2_11_86_1 doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.05.028 – ident: e_1_2_11_153_1 doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.30445 – ident: e_1_2_11_70_1 doi: 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00188-1 – volume: 79 start-page: 38 year: 2013 ident: e_1_2_11_7_1 article-title: Titanium hypersensitivity. A hidden threat for dental implant patients? publication-title: N Y State Dent J – ident: e_1_2_11_144_1 doi: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.056008767.x – ident: e_1_2_11_87_1 doi: 10.2106/00004623-199173100-00005 – ident: e_1_2_11_47_1 doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq041 – ident: e_1_2_11_91_1 doi: 10.1054/arth.2000.6632 – ident: e_1_2_11_65_1 doi: 10.1016/S0142-9612(98)00065-9 – ident: e_1_2_11_106_1 doi: 10.1177/0022034510396880 – ident: e_1_2_11_78_1 doi: 10.1007/s10856-009-3850-x – ident: e_1_2_11_8_1 doi: 10.1097/DER.0000000000000091 – ident: e_1_2_11_72_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2004.01053.x – ident: e_1_2_11_57_1 doi: 10.3109/17435390.2014.921343 – ident: e_1_2_11_120_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2012.02097.x – ident: e_1_2_11_68_1 doi: 10.4012/dmj.20.305 – volume: 92 start-page: 1623 year: 2010 ident: e_1_2_11_16_1 article-title: In vitro biocompatibility evaluation of surface‐modified titanium alloys publication-title: J Biomed Mater Res A doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.32507 – ident: e_1_2_11_95_1 doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.92B5.23452 – volume-title: Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non‐Food Products Intended for Consumers Concerning Zinc Oxide year: 2000 ident: e_1_2_11_32_1 – ident: e_1_2_11_135_1 doi: 10.1002/1097-4636(200009)53:5<480::AID-JBM6>3.0.CO;2-B – ident: e_1_2_11_89_1 doi: 10.2106/00004623-199810000-00006 – ident: e_1_2_11_10_1 doi: 10.1021/es8032549 – ident: e_1_2_11_23_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.02.051 – ident: e_1_2_11_201_1 doi: 10.1111/jopr.12136 – ident: e_1_2_11_157_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1985.tb02581.x – start-page: 113 volume-title: Nanomedicine year: 2014 ident: e_1_2_11_96_1 – ident: e_1_2_11_61_1 doi: 10.3109/17435390.2011.580863 – volume: 20 start-page: 289 year: 1999 ident: e_1_2_11_166_1 article-title: Metal‐specific lymphocytes: biomarkers of sensitivity in man publication-title: Neuro Endocrinol Lett – volume: 18 start-page: 407 year: 1992 ident: e_1_2_11_158_1 article-title: Allergy to components of total hip arthroplasty before and after surgery publication-title: Ital J Orthop Traumatol – ident: e_1_2_11_113_1 doi: 10.1016/0142-9612(86)90097-9 – ident: e_1_2_11_36_1 doi: 10.1117/1.2138017 – volume: 11 start-page: 475 year: 1985 ident: e_1_2_11_142_1 article-title: The lymphocytic transformation test (L.T.T) in the evaluation of intolerance in prosthetic implants publication-title: Ital J Orthop Traumatol – ident: e_1_2_11_73_1 doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.02.005 – ident: e_1_2_11_39_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00683.x – ident: e_1_2_11_82_1 doi: 10.1016/S0901-5027(05)80045-1 – ident: e_1_2_11_131_1 doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.07.023 – ident: e_1_2_11_132_1 doi: 10.1016/0142-9612(86)90085-2 – ident: e_1_2_11_128_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00473.x – volume: 7 start-page: 213 year: 1997 ident: e_1_2_11_100_1 article-title: Metallic ion release in artificial saliva of titanium oral implants coupled with different metal superstructures publication-title: Biomed Mater Eng – ident: e_1_2_11_196_1 doi: 10.2310/6620.2011.11035 – ident: e_1_2_11_149_1 doi: 10.2106/00004623-197759020-00004 – ident: e_1_2_11_31_1 doi: 10.1159/000066249 – ident: e_1_2_11_80_1 doi: 10.1002/jor.1100010411 – ident: e_1_2_11_189_1 doi: 10.1016/S0022-3913(12)60163-2 – ident: e_1_2_11_190_1 doi: 10.3109/02688697.2012.683464 – ident: e_1_2_11_108_1 doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.73B1.1991768 – ident: e_1_2_11_174_1 doi: 10.1016/0003-4975(94)90228-3 – ident: e_1_2_11_37_1 doi: 10.1159/000096167 |
| SSID | ssj0016428 |
| Score | 2.5417342 |
| SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
| Snippet | Summary
Exposure to titanium (Ti) from implants and from personal care products as nanoparticles (NPs) is common. This article reviews exposure sources, ion... Exposure to titanium (Ti) from implants and from personal care products as nanoparticles ( NPs ) is common. This article reviews exposure sources, ion release,... Exposure to titanium (Ti) from implants and from personal care products as nanoparticles (NPs) is common. This article reviews exposure sources, ion release,... Summary Exposure to titanium (Ti) from implants and from personal care products as nanoparticles (NPs) is common. This article reviews exposure sources, ion... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed crossref wiley istex |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 323 |
| SubjectTerms | Alloys Bone Plates Bone Screws contact allergy corrosion Cosmetics Cosmetics industry Dental Implants dermatitis Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - epidemiology Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - etiology Food Humans hypersensitivity Jewelry lymphocyte transformation test Mucous Membrane - metabolism Pacemaker, Artificial patch test Patch Tests penetration Personal care industry Prostheses and Implants release Skin - metabolism Stents titanium Titanium - adverse effects Titanium - metabolism toxicity |
| Title | Titanium: a review on exposure, release, penetration, allergy, epidemiology, and clinical reactivity |
| URI | https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-T9LQJPB3-R/fulltext.pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fcod.12565 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27027398 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1785682014 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1786524825 |
| Volume | 74 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000375602700002&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVWIB databaseName: Wiley Online Library - Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1600-0536 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0016428 issn: 0105-1873 databaseCode: DRFUL dateStart: 19970101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com providerName: Wiley-Blackwell |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3db9MwED9tLUK8jM-xsDEZhBAPjZQ0ju2MJ9goCI0ypk70zfJXUMWWVu2Kxn_P2fmASUNC4i1Rzonju9_5bN8HwAuWlsq4VMSo90RMU5XEqnAcEe-Y5jx1paWh2AQfj8V0WpxswOs2FqbOD9FtuHlkBH3tAa706g-QG9QvODuzfBP6Q5TbvAf9o9PR2XF3iOBN6-DB6JNtCp41iYW8I0_X-Np01Pcje3WTrXnddA1zz-juf_X6Hmw1Jid5U8vIfdhw1QO4_ak5VH8IdjJDC3G2vjggitShLGReEXe1mPvtwwHxdVVwshuQBSrGJs3ugPgiLMtvPwfE_S4yi3eqsqQNt8SWPm7Cl6d4BGejd5PDD3FTfCE2FE24mHFGiyzRGVOMaWsQu1oheMtcoY01NKlOSssyJkrucp0ylwibU4UMNqXVmmXb0KvmldsBktgyKzJTUm0VNU6o0ukkdT43HL6tYBG8ankgTZOZ3BfIOJftCgVHTYZRi-B5R7qo03HcRPQyMLKjUMvv3n-N5_Lr-L2cFMdfPp68zeRpBHstp2UD3ZVMuciZt4toBM-6xwg6f5KiKjdfBxqWDymuriN4XEtI9zEf4MezQuBfBUH4ez_l4eejcPHk30l34Q52jdXOanvQu1yu3VO4ZX5czlbLfdjkU7Hf4OAXPKwJQg |
| linkProvider | Wiley-Blackwell |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Zb9QwEB6VLgJeuI9AAYMQ6sNGSmrHdhAv0LIU2C6l2oq-WT7RCsiutl1U_j3jXFCpSEi8Jco4cTzzjcf2HADPeB609blMUe_JlOU6S3XpBSLecyNE7oNjdbEJMZnIo6Nyfw1edrEwTX6IfsMtIqPW1xHgcUP6D5RbVDA4PfPiAgwYihHK92DnYHQ47k8Rom1duzDGbJtS0DazUPTk6RufmY8GcWhPzzM2z9qu9eQzuvZ_3b4OV1ujk7xqpOQGrPnqJlzaa4_Vb4GbztBGnK2-vyCaNMEsZF4Rf7qYxw3EIYmVVXC6G5IFqsY20e6QxDIsyy8_h8T_LjOLd7pypAu4xJYxciIWqLgNh6M30-3dtC2_kFqGRlzKBWclzQzlmnPjLKLXaIRvKDRaWVs2N1lwnHIZhC9Mzn0mXcE0stgGZwynd2C9mlf-HpDMBVpSG5hxmlkvdfAmy33MDodvK3kCmx0TlG1zk8cSGd9Ut0bBUVP1qCXwtCddNAk5ziN6XnOyp9DLr9GDTRTq8-StmpbjT-_3X1N1kMBGx2rVgvdY5UIWPFpGLIEn_WOEXTxL0ZWfr2oaXmwxXF8ncLcRkf5jMcRP0FLiX9WS8Pd-qu2PO_XF_X8nfQyXd6d7YzV-N_nwAK5gN3njurYB6yfLlX8IF-2Pk9nx8lELh1_Y0wxK |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3rb9MwED-NFk184f0IG2AQQnxopGR27ATxBVbKq5Qyddq-WX6iii2tunUa_z3nvGDSkJD4lijnxPH5d3e27wHwnKdeGZfmMcq9PGapSmJVOIGId1wLkTpvWVVsQkwm-eFhMd2A120sTJ0fottwC8io5HUAuFta_wfKDQoYVM88uwJ9ForI9KA_3Bvtj7tThGBbVy6MIdtmLmiTWSh48nSNL-ijfhja88uMzYu2a6V8Rjf-r9s34XpjdJI39Sy5BRuuvA2bX5pj9TtgZ3O0Eefr41dEkTqYhSxK4s6Xi7CBOCChsgqquwFZomhsEu0OSCjDsvr-c0Dc7zKzeKdKS9qAS2wZIidCgYq7sD96N9v9EDflF2LD0IiLueCsoImmXHGurUH0aoXw9ZlCK2vHpDrxllOee-EynXKX5DZjCllsvNWa03vQKxelewAksZ4W1HimrWLG5co7naQuZIfDtxU8gpctE6RpcpOHEhlHsl2j4KjJatQieNaRLuuEHJcRvag42VGo1Y_gwSYyeTB5L2fF-Nun6Vsq9yLYblktG_CeyFTkGQ-WEYvgafcYYRfOUlTpFuuKhmc7DNfXEdyvp0j3sRDiJ2iR419VM-Hv_ZS7X4fVxcN_J30Cm9PhSI4_Tj5vwTXsJa8917ahd7pau0dw1Zydzk9Wjxs0_AJSUgvF |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Titanium%3A+a+review+on+exposure%2C+release%2C+penetration%2C+allergy%2C+epidemiology%2C+and+clinical+reactivity&rft.jtitle=Contact+dermatitis&rft.au=Fage%2C+Simon+W.&rft.au=Muris%2C+Joris&rft.au=Jakobsen%2C+Stig+S.&rft.au=Thyssen%2C+Jacob+P.&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft.issn=0105-1873&rft.eissn=1600-0536&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=323&rft.epage=345&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fcod.12565&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1111_cod_12565 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0105-1873&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0105-1873&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0105-1873&client=summon |