Rapid Gist Perception of Meaningful Real-Life Scenes: Exploring Individual and Gender Differences in Multiple Categorization Tasks

In everyday life, we are generally able to dynamically understand and adapt to socially (ir)elevant encounters, and to make appropriate decisions about these. All of this requires an impressive ability to directly filter and obtain the most informative aspects of a complex visual scene. Such rapid g...

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Veröffentlicht in:i-Perception (London) Jg. 6; H. 1; S. 19 - 37
Hauptverfasser: Vanmarcke, Steven, Wagemans, Johan
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: London, England SAGE Publications 01.01.2015
Pion
SAGE Publishing
Schlagworte:
ultrarapid categorization
Reverse Hierarchy Theory
gender differences
rapid gist perception
individual differences
social perception
ISSN:2041-6695, 2041-6695
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:In everyday life, we are generally able to dynamically understand and adapt to socially (ir)elevant encounters, and to make appropriate decisions about these. All of this requires an impressive ability to directly filter and obtain the most informative aspects of a complex visual scene. Such rapid gist perception can be assessed in multiple ways. In the ultrafast categorization paradigm developed by Simon Thorpe et al. (1996), participants get a clear categorization task in advance and succeed at detecting the target object of interest (animal) almost perfectly (even with 20 ms exposures). Since this pioneering work, follow-up studies consistently reported population-level reaction time differences on different categorization tasks, indicating a superordinate advantage (animal versus dog) and effects of perceptual similarity (animals versus vehicles) and object category size (natural versus animal versus dog). In this study, we replicated and extended these separate findings by using a systematic collection of different categorization tasks (varying in presentation time, task demands, and stimuli) and focusing on individual differences in terms of e.g., gender and intelligence. In addition to replicating the main findings from the literature, we find subtle, yet consistent gender differences (women faster than men).
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ISSN:2041-6695
2041-6695
DOI:10.1068/i0682