Antifungal Drugs

We reviewed the licensed antifungal drugs and summarized their mechanisms of action, pharmacological profiles, and susceptibility to specific fungi. Approved antimycotics inhibit 1,3-β-d-glucan synthase, lanosterol 14-α-demethylase, protein, and deoxyribonucleic acid biosynthesis, or sequestrate erg...

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Published in:Metabolites Vol. 10; no. 3; p. 106
Main Authors: Houšť, Jiří, Spížek, Jaroslav, Havlíček, Vladimír
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI 12.03.2020
MDPI AG
Subjects:
amphotericin b
antifungal drugs
echinocandins
flucytosine
invasive fungal infections
resistance
Review
siderophores
triazoles
flucytosine
invasive fungal infections
echinocandins
triazoles
amphotericin B
antifungal drugs
siderophores
resistance
ISSN:2218-1989, 2218-1989
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:We reviewed the licensed antifungal drugs and summarized their mechanisms of action, pharmacological profiles, and susceptibility to specific fungi. Approved antimycotics inhibit 1,3-β-d-glucan synthase, lanosterol 14-α-demethylase, protein, and deoxyribonucleic acid biosynthesis, or sequestrate ergosterol. Their most severe side effects are hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and myelotoxicity. Whereas triazoles exhibit the most significant drug–drug interactions, echinocandins exhibit almost none. The antifungal resistance may be developed across most pathogens and includes drug target overexpression, efflux pump activation, and amino acid substitution. The experimental antifungal drugs in clinical trials are also reviewed. Siderophores in the Trojan horse approach or the application of siderophore biosynthesis enzyme inhibitors represent the most promising emerging antifungal therapies.
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ISSN:2218-1989
2218-1989
DOI:10.3390/metabo10030106