Perspectives and opportunities in forensic human, animal, and plant integrative genomics in the Pangenome era

The Human Pangenome Reference Consortium, the Chinese Pangenome Consortium, and other plant and animal pangenome projects have announced the completion of pilot work aimed at constructing high-quality, haplotype-resolved reference graph genomes representative of global ethno-linguistically different...

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Vydáno v:Forensic science international Ročník 367; s. 112370
Hlavní autoři: He, Guanglin, Liu, Chao, Wang, Mengge
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01.02.2025
Elsevier Limited
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ISSN:0379-0738, 1872-6283, 1872-6283
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Abstract The Human Pangenome Reference Consortium, the Chinese Pangenome Consortium, and other plant and animal pangenome projects have announced the completion of pilot work aimed at constructing high-quality, haplotype-resolved reference graph genomes representative of global ethno-linguistically different populations or different plant and animal species. These graph-based, gapless pangenome references, which are enriched in terms of genomic diversity, completeness, and contiguity, have the potential for enhancing long-read sequencing (LRS)-based genomic research, as well as improving mappability and variant genotyping on traditional short-read sequencing platforms. We comprehensively discuss the advancements in pangenome-based genomic integrative genomic discoveries across forensic-related species (humans, animals, and plants) and summarize their applications in variant identification and forensic genomics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, and microbiome research. Recent developments in multiplexed array sequencing have introduced a highly efficient and programmable technique to overcome the limitations of short forensic marker lengths in LRS platforms. This technique enables the concatenation of short RNA transcripts and DNA fragments into LRS-optimal molecules for sequencing, assembly, and genotyping. The integration of new pangenome reference coordinates and corresponding computational algorithms will benefit forensic integrative genomics by facilitating new marker identification, accurate genotyping, high-resolution panel development, and the updating of statistical algorithms. This review highlights the necessity of integrating LRS-based platforms, pangenome-based study designs, and graph-based pangenome references in short-read mapping and LRS-based innovations to achieve precision forensic science. •Global pangenome projects have built high-quality, haplotype-resolved reference genomes representing diverse populations.•Graph-based pangenome references enhance genomic diversity, benefiting long-read and short-read sequencing research.•Pangenome advances improve variant identification, forensic genomics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, and microbiome research.•MAS-seq addresses short forensic marker limitations by enabling optimal RNA and DNA fragment sequencing.•New pangenome coordinates and algorithms improve accurate genotyping, marker discovery, and forensic genomics innovations.
AbstractList The Human Pangenome Reference Consortium, the Chinese Pangenome Consortium, and other plant and animal pangenome projects have announced the completion of pilot work aimed at constructing high-quality, haplotype-resolved reference graph genomes representative of global ethno-linguistically different populations or different plant and animal species. These graph-based, gapless pangenome references, which are enriched in terms of genomic diversity, completeness, and contiguity, have the potential for enhancing long-read sequencing (LRS)-based genomic research, as well as improving mappability and variant genotyping on traditional short-read sequencing platforms. We comprehensively discuss the advancements in pangenome-based genomic integrative genomic discoveries across forensic-related species (humans, animals, and plants) and summarize their applications in variant identification and forensic genomics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, and microbiome research. Recent developments in multiplexed array sequencing have introduced a highly efficient and programmable technique to overcome the limitations of short forensic marker lengths in LRS platforms. This technique enables the concatenation of short RNA transcripts and DNA fragments into LRS-optimal molecules for sequencing, assembly, and genotyping. The integration of new pangenome reference coordinates and corresponding computational algorithms will benefit forensic integrative genomics by facilitating new marker identification, accurate genotyping, high-resolution panel development, and the updating of statistical algorithms. This review highlights the necessity of integrating LRS-based platforms, pangenome-based study designs, and graph-based pangenome references in short-read mapping and LRS-based innovations to achieve precision forensic science.
The Human Pangenome Reference Consortium, the Chinese Pangenome Consortium, and other plant and animal pangenome projects have announced the completion of pilot work aimed at constructing high-quality, haplotype-resolved reference graph genomes representative of global ethno-linguistically different populations or different plant and animal species. These graph-based, gapless pangenome references, which are enriched in terms of genomic diversity, completeness, and contiguity, have the potential for enhancing long-read sequencing (LRS)-based genomic research, as well as improving mappability and variant genotyping on traditional short-read sequencing platforms. We comprehensively discuss the advancements in pangenome-based genomic integrative genomic discoveries across forensic-related species (humans, animals, and plants) and summarize their applications in variant identification and forensic genomics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, and microbiome research. Recent developments in multiplexed array sequencing have introduced a highly efficient and programmable technique to overcome the limitations of short forensic marker lengths in LRS platforms. This technique enables the concatenation of short RNA transcripts and DNA fragments into LRS-optimal molecules for sequencing, assembly, and genotyping. The integration of new pangenome reference coordinates and corresponding computational algorithms will benefit forensic integrative genomics by facilitating new marker identification, accurate genotyping, high-resolution panel development, and the updating of statistical algorithms. This review highlights the necessity of integrating LRS-based platforms, pangenome-based study designs, and graph-based pangenome references in short-read mapping and LRS-based innovations to achieve precision forensic science. •Global pangenome projects have built high-quality, haplotype-resolved reference genomes representing diverse populations.•Graph-based pangenome references enhance genomic diversity, benefiting long-read and short-read sequencing research.•Pangenome advances improve variant identification, forensic genomics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, and microbiome research.•MAS-seq addresses short forensic marker limitations by enabling optimal RNA and DNA fragment sequencing.•New pangenome coordinates and algorithms improve accurate genotyping, marker discovery, and forensic genomics innovations.
The Human Pangenome Reference Consortium, the Chinese Pangenome Consortium, and other plant and animal pangenome projects have announced the completion of pilot work aimed at constructing high-quality, haplotype-resolved reference graph genomes representative of global ethno-linguistically different populations or different plant and animal species. These graph-based, gapless pangenome references, which are enriched in terms of genomic diversity, completeness, and contiguity, have the potential for enhancing long-read sequencing (LRS)-based genomic research, as well as improving mappability and variant genotyping on traditional short-read sequencing platforms. We comprehensively discuss the advancements in pangenome-based genomic integrative genomic discoveries across forensic-related species (humans, animals, and plants) and summarize their applications in variant identification and forensic genomics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, and microbiome research. Recent developments in multiplexed array sequencing have introduced a highly efficient and programmable technique to overcome the limitations of short forensic marker lengths in LRS platforms. This technique enables the concatenation of short RNA transcripts and DNA fragments into LRS-optimal molecules for sequencing, assembly, and genotyping. The integration of new pangenome reference coordinates and corresponding computational algorithms will benefit forensic integrative genomics by facilitating new marker identification, accurate genotyping, high-resolution panel development, and the updating of statistical algorithms. This review highlights the necessity of integrating LRS-based platforms, pangenome-based study designs, and graph-based pangenome references in short-read mapping and LRS-based innovations to achieve precision forensic science.The Human Pangenome Reference Consortium, the Chinese Pangenome Consortium, and other plant and animal pangenome projects have announced the completion of pilot work aimed at constructing high-quality, haplotype-resolved reference graph genomes representative of global ethno-linguistically different populations or different plant and animal species. These graph-based, gapless pangenome references, which are enriched in terms of genomic diversity, completeness, and contiguity, have the potential for enhancing long-read sequencing (LRS)-based genomic research, as well as improving mappability and variant genotyping on traditional short-read sequencing platforms. We comprehensively discuss the advancements in pangenome-based genomic integrative genomic discoveries across forensic-related species (humans, animals, and plants) and summarize their applications in variant identification and forensic genomics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, and microbiome research. Recent developments in multiplexed array sequencing have introduced a highly efficient and programmable technique to overcome the limitations of short forensic marker lengths in LRS platforms. This technique enables the concatenation of short RNA transcripts and DNA fragments into LRS-optimal molecules for sequencing, assembly, and genotyping. The integration of new pangenome reference coordinates and corresponding computational algorithms will benefit forensic integrative genomics by facilitating new marker identification, accurate genotyping, high-resolution panel development, and the updating of statistical algorithms. This review highlights the necessity of integrating LRS-based platforms, pangenome-based study designs, and graph-based pangenome references in short-read mapping and LRS-based innovations to achieve precision forensic science.
ArticleNumber 112370
Author He, Guanglin
Liu, Chao
Wang, Mengge
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Guanglin
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6614-5267
  surname: He
  fullname: He, Guanglin
  email: guanglinhescu@163.com
  organization: Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
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  givenname: Chao
  surname: Liu
  fullname: Liu, Chao
  email: liuchaogzf@163.com
  organization: Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510230, China
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  givenname: Mengge
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Mengge
  email: Menggewang2021@163.com
  organization: Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39813779$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1186_s12864_025_11947_6
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IngestDate Sat Sep 27 23:05:26 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 15:02:07 EST 2025
Mon Jul 21 05:57:21 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 08:19:04 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 22:54:54 EST 2025
Sat Feb 22 15:41:22 EST 2025
Tue Oct 14 19:30:44 EDT 2025
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Keywords Pangenome reference
Long-read third-generation sequencing
Forensic integrative genomics
Genomic diversity
Paradigm shift
Language English
License Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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PublicationTitle Forensic science international
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Snippet The Human Pangenome Reference Consortium, the Chinese Pangenome Consortium, and other plant and animal pangenome projects have announced the completion of...
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SubjectTerms Algorithms
Animal human relations
Animal species
Animals
Bias
Biomarkers
Consortia
DNA Fingerprinting
DNA sequencing
Drug resistance
Epigenetics
Forensic Genetics
Forensic integrative genomics
Forensic science
Gene sequencing
Genetic diversity
Genetic Markers
Genetic research
Genome
Genomes
Genomic diversity
Genomics
Genotyping
Haplotypes
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
Humans
Long-read third-generation sequencing
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Multiculturalism & pluralism
Pangenome reference
Paradigm shift
Population
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Technological change
Transcriptomics
Title Perspectives and opportunities in forensic human, animal, and plant integrative genomics in the Pangenome era
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