Gli signaling pathway modulates fibroblast activation and facilitates scar formation in pulmonary fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by progressive and irreversible scarring of alveoli, which causes reduction of surface epithelial area and eventually respiratory failure. The precise mechanism of alveolar scarring is poorly understood. In this study, we explored transcriptional signatures of act...

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Published in:	Biochemical and biophysical research communications Vol. 514; no. 3; pp. 684 - 690
Main Authors:	Tsukui, Tatsuya, Ueha, Satoshi, Shichino, Shigeyuki, Hashimoto, Shinichi, Nakajima, Takuya, Shiraishi, Kazushige, Kihara, Miho, Kiyonari, Hiroshi, Inagaki, Yutaka, Matsushima, Kouji
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Elsevier Inc 30.06.2019
Subjects:	epithelium extracellular matrix Fibroblasts fibrosis GANT61 gene expression regulation Gli pathway lungs metabolism mice oncogenes Pulmonary fibrosis Scar signal transduction transcription (genetics) transcription factors translation (genetics) Wound healing BLM Wound healing Gli Scar ECM α-SMA mKO1 Pulmonary fibrosis Col-GFP Fibroblasts Gli pathway GANT61 IPF
ISSN:	0006-291X, 1090-2104, 1090-2104
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Abstract	Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by progressive and irreversible scarring of alveoli, which causes reduction of surface epithelial area and eventually respiratory failure. The precise mechanism of alveolar scarring is poorly understood. In this study, we explored transcriptional signatures of activated fibroblasts in alveolar airspaces by using intratracheal transfer in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Lung fibroblasts transferred into injured alveoli upregulated genes related to translation and metabolism in the first two days, and upregulated genes related to extracellular matrix (ECM) production between day 2 and 7. Upstream analysis of these upregulated genes suggested possible contribution of hypoxia-inducible factors 1a (Hif1a) to fibroblast activation in the first two days, and possible contribution of kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) and glioma-associated oncogene (Gli) transcription factors to fibroblast activation in the following profibrotic phase. Fibroblasts purified based on high Acta2 expression after intratracheal transfer were also characterized by ECM production and upstream regulation by Klf4 and Gli proteins. Pharmacological inhibition of Gli proteins by GANT61 in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis altered the pattern of scarring characterized by dilated airspaces and smaller fibroblast clusters. Activated fibroblasts isolated from GANT61-treated mice showed decreased migration capacity, suggesting that Gli signaling inhibition attenuated fibroblast activation. In conclusion, we revealed transcriptional signatures and possible upstream regulators of activated fibroblasts in injured alveolar airspaces. The altered scar formation by Gli signaling inhibition supports that activated fibroblasts in alveolar airspaces may play a critical role in scar formation. •Hif1a is an initial gene regulator in fibroblasts exposed to injured alveolar airspaces.•Klf4 and Gli proteins may subsequently upregulate ECM genes in activated fibroblasts.•Pharmacological inhibition of Gli signalings in lung fibrosis alters scar formation.•Gli signaling inhibition reduces migration capacity of fibroblasts in fibrotic lungs.
AbstractList	Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by progressive and irreversible scarring of alveoli, which causes reduction of surface epithelial area and eventually respiratory failure. The precise mechanism of alveolar scarring is poorly understood. In this study, we explored transcriptional signatures of activated fibroblasts in alveolar airspaces by using intratracheal transfer in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Lung fibroblasts transferred into injured alveoli upregulated genes related to translation and metabolism in the first two days, and upregulated genes related to extracellular matrix (ECM) production between day 2 and 7. Upstream analysis of these upregulated genes suggested possible contribution of hypoxia-inducible factors 1a (Hif1a) to fibroblast activation in the first two days, and possible contribution of kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) and glioma-associated oncogene (Gli) transcription factors to fibroblast activation in the following profibrotic phase. Fibroblasts purified based on high Acta2 expression after intratracheal transfer were also characterized by ECM production and upstream regulation by Klf4 and Gli proteins. Pharmacological inhibition of Gli proteins by GANT61 in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis altered the pattern of scarring characterized by dilated airspaces and smaller fibroblast clusters. Activated fibroblasts isolated from GANT61-treated mice showed decreased migration capacity, suggesting that Gli signaling inhibition attenuated fibroblast activation. In conclusion, we revealed transcriptional signatures and possible upstream regulators of activated fibroblasts in injured alveolar airspaces. The altered scar formation by Gli signaling inhibition supports that activated fibroblasts in alveolar airspaces may play a critical role in scar formation. •Hif1a is an initial gene regulator in fibroblasts exposed to injured alveolar airspaces.•Klf4 and Gli proteins may subsequently upregulate ECM genes in activated fibroblasts.•Pharmacological inhibition of Gli signalings in lung fibrosis alters scar formation.•Gli signaling inhibition reduces migration capacity of fibroblasts in fibrotic lungs. Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by progressive and irreversible scarring of alveoli, which causes reduction of surface epithelial area and eventually respiratory failure. The precise mechanism of alveolar scarring is poorly understood. In this study, we explored transcriptional signatures of activated fibroblasts in alveolar airspaces by using intratracheal transfer in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Lung fibroblasts transferred into injured alveoli upregulated genes related to translation and metabolism in the first two days, and upregulated genes related to extracellular matrix (ECM) production between day 2 and 7. Upstream analysis of these upregulated genes suggested possible contribution of hypoxia-inducible factors 1a (Hif1a) to fibroblast activation in the first two days, and possible contribution of kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) and glioma-associated oncogene (Gli) transcription factors to fibroblast activation in the following profibrotic phase. Fibroblasts purified based on high Acta2 expression after intratracheal transfer were also characterized by ECM production and upstream regulation by Klf4 and Gli proteins. Pharmacological inhibition of Gli proteins by GANT61 in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis altered the pattern of scarring characterized by dilated airspaces and smaller fibroblast clusters. Activated fibroblasts isolated from GANT61-treated mice showed decreased migration capacity, suggesting that Gli signaling inhibition attenuated fibroblast activation. In conclusion, we revealed transcriptional signatures and possible upstream regulators of activated fibroblasts in injured alveolar airspaces. The altered scar formation by Gli signaling inhibition supports that activated fibroblasts in alveolar airspaces may play a critical role in scar formation.Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by progressive and irreversible scarring of alveoli, which causes reduction of surface epithelial area and eventually respiratory failure. The precise mechanism of alveolar scarring is poorly understood. In this study, we explored transcriptional signatures of activated fibroblasts in alveolar airspaces by using intratracheal transfer in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Lung fibroblasts transferred into injured alveoli upregulated genes related to translation and metabolism in the first two days, and upregulated genes related to extracellular matrix (ECM) production between day 2 and 7. Upstream analysis of these upregulated genes suggested possible contribution of hypoxia-inducible factors 1a (Hif1a) to fibroblast activation in the first two days, and possible contribution of kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) and glioma-associated oncogene (Gli) transcription factors to fibroblast activation in the following profibrotic phase. Fibroblasts purified based on high Acta2 expression after intratracheal transfer were also characterized by ECM production and upstream regulation by Klf4 and Gli proteins. Pharmacological inhibition of Gli proteins by GANT61 in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis altered the pattern of scarring characterized by dilated airspaces and smaller fibroblast clusters. Activated fibroblasts isolated from GANT61-treated mice showed decreased migration capacity, suggesting that Gli signaling inhibition attenuated fibroblast activation. In conclusion, we revealed transcriptional signatures and possible upstream regulators of activated fibroblasts in injured alveolar airspaces. The altered scar formation by Gli signaling inhibition supports that activated fibroblasts in alveolar airspaces may play a critical role in scar formation. Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by progressive and irreversible scarring of alveoli, which causes reduction of surface epithelial area and eventually respiratory failure. The precise mechanism of alveolar scarring is poorly understood. In this study, we explored transcriptional signatures of activated fibroblasts in alveolar airspaces by using intratracheal transfer in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Lung fibroblasts transferred into injured alveoli upregulated genes related to translation and metabolism in the first two days, and upregulated genes related to extracellular matrix (ECM) production between day 2 and 7. Upstream analysis of these upregulated genes suggested possible contribution of hypoxia-inducible factors 1a (Hif1a) to fibroblast activation in the first two days, and possible contribution of kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) and glioma-associated oncogene (Gli) transcription factors to fibroblast activation in the following profibrotic phase. Fibroblasts purified based on high Acta2 expression after intratracheal transfer were also characterized by ECM production and upstream regulation by Klf4 and Gli proteins. Pharmacological inhibition of Gli proteins by GANT61 in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis altered the pattern of scarring characterized by dilated airspaces and smaller fibroblast clusters. Activated fibroblasts isolated from GANT61-treated mice showed decreased migration capacity, suggesting that Gli signaling inhibition attenuated fibroblast activation. In conclusion, we revealed transcriptional signatures and possible upstream regulators of activated fibroblasts in injured alveolar airspaces. The altered scar formation by Gli signaling inhibition supports that activated fibroblasts in alveolar airspaces may play a critical role in scar formation.
Author	Ueha, Satoshi Shichino, Shigeyuki Kihara, Miho Nakajima, Takuya Shiraishi, Kazushige Kiyonari, Hiroshi Hashimoto, Shinichi Tsukui, Tatsuya Inagaki, Yutaka Matsushima, Kouji
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Tatsuya orcidid: 0000-0003-3100-6934 surname: Tsukui fullname: Tsukui, Tatsuya organization: Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 2 givenname: Satoshi surname: Ueha fullname: Ueha, Satoshi organization: Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 3 givenname: Shigeyuki surname: Shichino fullname: Shichino, Shigeyuki organization: Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 4 givenname: Shinichi surname: Hashimoto fullname: Hashimoto, Shinichi organization: Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-CREST Program, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 5 givenname: Takuya surname: Nakajima fullname: Nakajima, Takuya organization: Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 6 givenname: Kazushige orcidid: 0000-0001-6510-7157 surname: Shiraishi fullname: Shiraishi, Kazushige organization: Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 7 givenname: Miho surname: Kihara fullname: Kihara, Miho organization: Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan – sequence: 8 givenname: Hiroshi surname: Kiyonari fullname: Kiyonari, Hiroshi organization: Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan – sequence: 9 givenname: Yutaka surname: Inagaki fullname: Inagaki, Yutaka organization: Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-CREST Program, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 10 givenname: Kouji surname: Matsushima fullname: Matsushima, Kouji email: koujim@rs.tus.ac.jp organization: Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Keywords	BLM Wound healing Gli Scar ECM α-SMA mKO1 Pulmonary fibrosis Col-GFP Fibroblasts Gli pathway GANT61 IPF
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Snippet	Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by progressive and irreversible scarring of alveoli, which causes reduction of surface epithelial area and eventually...
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SubjectTerms	epithelium extracellular matrix Fibroblasts fibrosis GANT61 gene expression regulation Gli pathway lungs metabolism mice oncogenes Pulmonary fibrosis Scar signal transduction transcription (genetics) transcription factors translation (genetics) Wound healing
Title	Gli signaling pathway modulates fibroblast activation and facilitates scar formation in pulmonary fibrosis
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