Virtual reality hypnosis in the management of pain: Self‐reported and neurophysiological measures in healthy subjects
Background Virtual reality hypnosis (VRH) has emerged as a new and promising option for pain management. Nonetheless, neural dynamics of pain modulation during VRH have not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of VRH on pain, combining neurophysiological and self‐r...
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| Published in: | European journal of pain Vol. 27; no. 1; pp. 148 - 162 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
England
John Wiley and Sons Inc
01.01.2023
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| ISSN: | 1090-3801, 1532-2149, 1532-2149 |
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| Abstract | Background
Virtual reality hypnosis (VRH) has emerged as a new and promising option for pain management. Nonetheless, neural dynamics of pain modulation during VRH have not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of VRH on pain, combining neurophysiological and self‐reported measurements.
Methods
Eighteen healthy subjects underwent noxious electrical stimulations in both normal wakefulness and VRH conditions. Dissociation, absorption, time perception, anxiety, pain intensity and unpleasantness, heart rate variability and breathing were reported for each condition. EEG signals were analysed using event‐related potentials (ERP) and time–frequency response (TFR) time‐locked to stimuli. Neurophysiological features were correlated with self‐reported data.
Results
VRH condition was associated with lower pain and higher dissociation. VRH significantly decreased amplitudes of N100 and P200 ERP components, reduced EEG power between 1 and 5 Hz from 100 to 560 ms, and increased EEG power from 5 to 11 Hz from 340 to 800 ms. These findings were observed at frontal, central and posterior electrodes. Heart rate variability was significantly higher and breathing frequency reduced with VRH. Correlations were found between the self‐reported level of pain and ERP components.
Conclusion
VRH modulates cerebral pain processes and body physiology, leading to reduced pain levels. These findings offer a first insight on the analgesic mechanisms of VRH and suggest that VRH is an effective approach to reduce experimental pain.
Significance
VRH decreases experimental pain perception, increases subject level of dissociation and modulates cerebral pain processing mechanisms. Pain can be managed with analgesic medication but also through complementary interventions. Among these, hypnosis and virtual reality (VR) are known to reduce pain for patients and healthy individuals. In recent years, an innovative technique combining hypnosis and VR has been proposed to help patients in managing pain. However, to our knowledge, no study has focused on the underlying mechanisms of this VR/hypnosis combination. We showed that VR combined with hypnosis decreases experimental pain, increases dissociation and influences EEG modulation. |
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| AbstractList | Virtual reality hypnosis (VRH) has emerged as a new and promising option for pain management. Nonetheless, neural dynamics of pain modulation during VRH have not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of VRH on pain, combining neurophysiological and self-reported measurements.BACKGROUNDVirtual reality hypnosis (VRH) has emerged as a new and promising option for pain management. Nonetheless, neural dynamics of pain modulation during VRH have not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of VRH on pain, combining neurophysiological and self-reported measurements.Eighteen healthy subjects underwent noxious electrical stimulations in both normal wakefulness and VRH conditions. Dissociation, absorption, time perception, anxiety, pain intensity and unpleasantness, heart rate variability and breathing were reported for each condition. EEG signals were analysed using event-related potentials (ERP) and time-frequency response (TFR) time-locked to stimuli. Neurophysiological features were correlated with self-reported data.METHODSEighteen healthy subjects underwent noxious electrical stimulations in both normal wakefulness and VRH conditions. Dissociation, absorption, time perception, anxiety, pain intensity and unpleasantness, heart rate variability and breathing were reported for each condition. EEG signals were analysed using event-related potentials (ERP) and time-frequency response (TFR) time-locked to stimuli. Neurophysiological features were correlated with self-reported data.VRH condition was associated with lower pain and higher dissociation. VRH significantly decreased amplitudes of N100 and P200 ERP components, reduced EEG power between 1 and 5 Hz from 100 to 560 ms, and increased EEG power from 5 to 11 Hz from 340 to 800 ms. These findings were observed at frontal, central and posterior electrodes. Heart rate variability was significantly higher and breathing frequency reduced with VRH. Correlations were found between the self-reported level of pain and ERP components.RESULTSVRH condition was associated with lower pain and higher dissociation. VRH significantly decreased amplitudes of N100 and P200 ERP components, reduced EEG power between 1 and 5 Hz from 100 to 560 ms, and increased EEG power from 5 to 11 Hz from 340 to 800 ms. These findings were observed at frontal, central and posterior electrodes. Heart rate variability was significantly higher and breathing frequency reduced with VRH. Correlations were found between the self-reported level of pain and ERP components.VRH modulates cerebral pain processes and body physiology, leading to reduced pain levels. These findings offer a first insight on the analgesic mechanisms of VRH and suggest that VRH is an effective approach to reduce experimental pain.CONCLUSIONVRH modulates cerebral pain processes and body physiology, leading to reduced pain levels. These findings offer a first insight on the analgesic mechanisms of VRH and suggest that VRH is an effective approach to reduce experimental pain.VRH decreases experimental pain perception, increases subject level of dissociation and modulates cerebral pain processing mechanisms. Pain can be managed with analgesic medication but also through complementary interventions. Among these, hypnosis and virtual reality (VR) are known to reduce pain for patients and healthy individuals. In recent years, an innovative technique combining hypnosis and VR has been proposed to help patients in managing pain. However, to our knowledge, no study has focused on the underlying mechanisms of this VR/hypnosis combination. We showed that VR combined with hypnosis decreases experimental pain, increases dissociation and influences EEG modulation.SIGNIFICANCEVRH decreases experimental pain perception, increases subject level of dissociation and modulates cerebral pain processing mechanisms. Pain can be managed with analgesic medication but also through complementary interventions. Among these, hypnosis and virtual reality (VR) are known to reduce pain for patients and healthy individuals. In recent years, an innovative technique combining hypnosis and VR has been proposed to help patients in managing pain. However, to our knowledge, no study has focused on the underlying mechanisms of this VR/hypnosis combination. We showed that VR combined with hypnosis decreases experimental pain, increases dissociation and influences EEG modulation. Virtual reality hypnosis (VRH) has emerged as a new and promising option for pain management. Nonetheless, neural dynamics of pain modulation during VRH have not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of VRH on pain, combining neurophysiological and self-reported measurements. Eighteen healthy subjects underwent noxious electrical stimulations in both normal wakefulness and VRH conditions. Dissociation, absorption, time perception, anxiety, pain intensity and unpleasantness, heart rate variability and breathing were reported for each condition. EEG signals were analysed using event-related potentials (ERP) and time-frequency response (TFR) time-locked to stimuli. Neurophysiological features were correlated with self-reported data. VRH condition was associated with lower pain and higher dissociation. VRH significantly decreased amplitudes of N100 and P200 ERP components, reduced EEG power between 1 and 5 Hz from 100 to 560 ms, and increased EEG power from 5 to 11 Hz from 340 to 800 ms. These findings were observed at frontal, central and posterior electrodes. Heart rate variability was significantly higher and breathing frequency reduced with VRH. Correlations were found between the self-reported level of pain and ERP components. VRH modulates cerebral pain processes and body physiology, leading to reduced pain levels. These findings offer a first insight on the analgesic mechanisms of VRH and suggest that VRH is an effective approach to reduce experimental pain. VRH decreases experimental pain perception, increases subject level of dissociation and modulates cerebral pain processing mechanisms. Pain can be managed with analgesic medication but also through complementary interventions. Among these, hypnosis and virtual reality (VR) are known to reduce pain for patients and healthy individuals. In recent years, an innovative technique combining hypnosis and VR has been proposed to help patients in managing pain. However, to our knowledge, no study has focused on the underlying mechanisms of this VR/hypnosis combination. We showed that VR combined with hypnosis decreases experimental pain, increases dissociation and influences EEG modulation. Background Virtual reality hypnosis (VRH) has emerged as a new and promising option for pain management. Nonetheless, neural dynamics of pain modulation during VRH have not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of VRH on pain, combining neurophysiological and self‐reported measurements. Methods Eighteen healthy subjects underwent noxious electrical stimulations in both normal wakefulness and VRH conditions. Dissociation, absorption, time perception, anxiety, pain intensity and unpleasantness, heart rate variability and breathing were reported for each condition. EEG signals were analysed using event‐related potentials (ERP) and time–frequency response (TFR) time‐locked to stimuli. Neurophysiological features were correlated with self‐reported data. Results VRH condition was associated with lower pain and higher dissociation. VRH significantly decreased amplitudes of N100 and P200 ERP components, reduced EEG power between 1 and 5 Hz from 100 to 560 ms, and increased EEG power from 5 to 11 Hz from 340 to 800 ms. These findings were observed at frontal, central and posterior electrodes. Heart rate variability was significantly higher and breathing frequency reduced with VRH. Correlations were found between the self‐reported level of pain and ERP components. Conclusion VRH modulates cerebral pain processes and body physiology, leading to reduced pain levels. These findings offer a first insight on the analgesic mechanisms of VRH and suggest that VRH is an effective approach to reduce experimental pain. Significance VRH decreases experimental pain perception, increases subject level of dissociation and modulates cerebral pain processing mechanisms. Pain can be managed with analgesic medication but also through complementary interventions. Among these, hypnosis and virtual reality (VR) are known to reduce pain for patients and healthy individuals. In recent years, an innovative technique combining hypnosis and VR has been proposed to help patients in managing pain. However, to our knowledge, no study has focused on the underlying mechanisms of this VR/hypnosis combination. We showed that VR combined with hypnosis decreases experimental pain, increases dissociation and influences EEG modulation. BACKGROUND: Virtual reality hypnosis (VRH) has emerged as a new and promising option for pain management. Nonetheless, neural dynamics of pain modulation during VRH have not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of VRH on pain, combining neurophysiological and self-reported measurements. METHODS: Eighteen healthy subjects underwent noxious electrical stimulations in both normal wakefulness and VRH conditions. Dissociation, absorption, time perception, anxiety, pain intensity and unpleasantness, heart rate variability and breathing were reported for each condition. EEG signals were analyzed using event-related potentials (ERP) and time-frequency response (TFR) time-locked to stimuli. Neurophysiological features were correlated with self-reported data. RESULTS: VRH condition was associated with lower pain and higher dissociation. VRH significantly decreased amplitudes of N100 and P200 ERP components, reduced EEG power between 1 and 5Hz from 100 to 560ms, and increased EEG power from 5 to 11Hz from 340 to 800ms. These findings were observed at frontal, central, and posterior electrodes. Heart rate variability was significantly higher and breathing frequency reduced with VRH. Correlations were found between the self-reported level of pain and ERP components. CONCLUSION: VRH modulates cerebral pain processes and body physiology, leading to reduced pain levels. These findings offer a first insight on the analgesic mechanisms of VRH, and suggest that VRH is an effective approach to reduce experimental pain. SIGNIFICANCE: VRH decreases experimental pain perception, increases subject level of dissociation and modulates cerebral pain processing mechanisms. |
| Author | Toussaint, Clémence Niimi, Masachika Nyssen, Anne‐Sophie Laureys, Steven Gosseries, Olivia Bicego, Aminata Faymonville, Marie‐Elisabeth Vanhaudenhuyse, Audrey Rousseaux, Floriane Panda, Rajanikant |
| AuthorAffiliation | 5 Oncomfort SA Wavre Belgium 6 Algology Interdisciplinary Center University Hospital of Liege, CHU Sart Tilman, Domaine Universitaire du Sart Tilman Liège Belgium 2 Laboratory of Cognitive Ergonomics and Work Intervention University of Liege, ULiege (B32), Quartier Agora Liege Belgium 3 Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness University of Liege, GIGA (B34), Quartier Hopital Liege Belgium 4 Centre du Cerveau University Hospital of Liège Liege Belgium 1 Sensation & Perception Research Group, GIGA Consciousness University of Liege, GIGA (B34), Quartier Hopital Liege Belgium |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness University of Liege, GIGA (B34), Quartier Hopital Liege Belgium – name: 1 Sensation & Perception Research Group, GIGA Consciousness University of Liege, GIGA (B34), Quartier Hopital Liege Belgium – name: 6 Algology Interdisciplinary Center University Hospital of Liege, CHU Sart Tilman, Domaine Universitaire du Sart Tilman Liège Belgium – name: 4 Centre du Cerveau University Hospital of Liège Liege Belgium – name: 2 Laboratory of Cognitive Ergonomics and Work Intervention University of Liege, ULiege (B32), Quartier Agora Liege Belgium – name: 5 Oncomfort SA Wavre Belgium |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Floriane surname: Rousseaux fullname: Rousseaux, Floriane organization: University of Liege, ULiege (B32), Quartier Agora – sequence: 2 givenname: Rajanikant orcidid: 0000-0002-0960-4340 surname: Panda fullname: Panda, Rajanikant organization: University Hospital of Liège – sequence: 3 givenname: Clémence surname: Toussaint fullname: Toussaint, Clémence organization: Oncomfort SA – sequence: 4 givenname: Aminata surname: Bicego fullname: Bicego, Aminata organization: University of Liege, ULiege (B32), Quartier Agora – sequence: 5 givenname: Masachika surname: Niimi fullname: Niimi, Masachika organization: University of Liege, GIGA (B34), Quartier Hopital – sequence: 6 givenname: Marie‐Elisabeth surname: Faymonville fullname: Faymonville, Marie‐Elisabeth organization: University Hospital of Liege, CHU Sart Tilman, Domaine Universitaire du Sart Tilman – sequence: 7 givenname: Anne‐Sophie surname: Nyssen fullname: Nyssen, Anne‐Sophie organization: University of Liege, ULiege (B32), Quartier Agora – sequence: 8 givenname: Steven orcidid: 0000-0002-3096-3807 surname: Laureys fullname: Laureys, Steven organization: University Hospital of Liège – sequence: 9 givenname: Olivia orcidid: 0000-0001-9011-7496 surname: Gosseries fullname: Gosseries, Olivia organization: University Hospital of Liège – sequence: 10 givenname: Audrey orcidid: 0000-0002-4288-9237 surname: Vanhaudenhuyse fullname: Vanhaudenhuyse, Audrey email: avanhaudenhuyse@chuliege.be organization: University Hospital of Liege, CHU Sart Tilman, Domaine Universitaire du Sart Tilman |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36196745$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Notes | Olivia Gosseries and Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse shares the senior position Floriane Rousseaux and Rajanikant Panda contributed equally to this manuscript. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 scopus-id:2-s2.0-85140379485 |
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Virtual reality hypnosis (VRH) has emerged as a new and promising option for pain management. Nonetheless, neural dynamics of pain modulation during... Virtual reality hypnosis (VRH) has emerged as a new and promising option for pain management. Nonetheless, neural dynamics of pain modulation during VRH have... BACKGROUND: Virtual reality hypnosis (VRH) has emerged as a new and promising option for pain management. Nonetheless, neural dynamics of pain modulation... |
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| SubjectTerms | Humans Hypnosis - methods Neurosciences & behavior Neurosciences & comportement Original Pain Pain Management - methods Pain Measurement Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie Self Report Social & behavioral sciences, psychology |
| Title | Virtual reality hypnosis in the management of pain: Self‐reported and neurophysiological measures in healthy subjects |
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