Evaluation of the gamma dose distribution comparison method
The γ tool was developed to quantitatively compare dose distributions, either measured or calculated. Before computing γ, the dose and distance scales of the two distributions, referred to as evaluated and reference, are renormalized by dose and distance criteria, respectively. The renormalization a...
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| Vydané v: | Medical physics (Lancaster) Ročník 30; číslo 9; s. 2455 - 2464 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autori: | , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Vydavateľské údaje: |
United States
American Association of Physicists in Medicine
01.09.2003
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| Predmet: | |
| ISSN: | 0094-2405, 2473-4209 |
| On-line prístup: | Získať plný text |
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| Abstract | The γ tool was developed to quantitatively compare dose distributions, either measured or calculated. Before computing γ, the dose and distance scales of the two distributions, referred to as evaluated and reference, are renormalized by dose and distance criteria, respectively. The renormalization allows the dose distribution comparison to be conducted simultaneously along dose and distance axes. The γ quantity, calculated independently for each reference point, is the minimum distance in the renormalized multidimensional space between the evaluated distribution and the reference point. The γ quantity degenerates to the dose-difference and distance-to-agreement tests in shallow and very steep dose gradient regions, respectively. Since being introduced, the γ quantity has been used by investigators to evaluate dose calculation algorithms, and compare dosimetry measurements. This manuscript examines the γ distribution behavior in two dimensions and evaluates the γ distribution in the presence of data noise. Noise in the evaluated distribution causes the γ distribution to be underestimated relative to the no-noise condition. Noise in the reference distribution adds noise in the γ distribution in proportion to the normalized dose noise. In typical clinical use, the fraction of points that exceed 3% and 3 mm can be extensive, so we typically use 5% and 2–3 mm in clinical evaluations. For clinical cases, the calculation time is typically 5 minutes for a
1×1
mm
2
interpolated resolution on an 800 MHz Pentium 4 for a
14.1×15.2
cm
2
radiographic film. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The γ tool was developed to quantitatively compare dose distributions, either measured or calculated. Before computing γ, the dose and distance scales of the two distributions, referred to as evaluated and reference, are renormalized by dose and distance criteria, respectively. The renormalization allows the dose distribution comparison to be conducted simultaneously along dose and distance axes. The γ quantity, calculated independently for each reference point, is the minimum distance in the renormalized multidimensional space between the evaluated distribution and the reference point. The γ quantity degenerates to the dose‐difference and distance‐to‐agreement tests in shallow and very steep dose gradient regions, respectively. Since being introduced, the γ quantity has been used by investigators to evaluate dose calculation algorithms, and compare dosimetry measurements. This manuscript examines the γ distribution behavior in two dimensions and evaluates the γ distribution in the presence of data noise. Noise in the evaluated distribution causes the γ distribution to be underestimated relative to the no‐noise condition. Noise in the reference distribution adds noise in the γ distribution in proportion to the normalized dose noise. In typical clinical use, the fraction of points that exceed 3% and 3 mm can be extensive, so we typically use 5% and 2–3 mm in clinical evaluations. For clinical cases, the calculation time is typically 5 minutes for a 1×1 mm2 interpolated resolution on an 800 MHz Pentium 4 for a 14.1×15.2 cm2 radiographic film. The γ tool was developed to quantitatively compare dose distributions, either measured or calculated. Before computing γ, the dose and distance scales of the two distributions, referred to as evaluated and reference, are renormalized by dose and distance criteria, respectively. The renormalization allows the dose distribution comparison to be conducted simultaneously along dose and distance axes. The γ quantity, calculated independently for each reference point, is the minimum distance in the renormalized multidimensional space between the evaluated distribution and the reference point. The γ quantity degenerates to the dose-difference and distance-to-agreement tests in shallow and very steep dose gradient regions, respectively. Since being introduced, the γ quantity has been used by investigators to evaluate dose calculation algorithms, and compare dosimetry measurements. This manuscript examines the γ distribution behavior in two dimensions and evaluates the γ distribution in the presence of data noise. Noise in the evaluated distribution causes the γ distribution to be underestimated relative to the no-noise condition. Noise in the reference distribution adds noise in the γ distribution in proportion to the normalized dose noise. In typical clinical use, the fraction of points that exceed 3% and 3 mm can be extensive, so we typically use 5% and 2–3 mm in clinical evaluations. For clinical cases, the calculation time is typically 5 minutes for a 1×1 mm 2 interpolated resolution on an 800 MHz Pentium 4 for a 14.1×15.2 cm 2 radiographic film. The gamma tool was developed to quantitatively compare dose distributions, either measured or calculated. Before computing gamma, the dose and distance scales of the two distributions, referred to as evaluated and reference, are renormalized by dose and distance criteria, respectively. The renormalization allows the dose distribution comparison to be conducted simultaneously along dose and distance axes. The gamma quantity, calculated independently for each reference point, is the minimum distance in the renormalized multidimensional space between the evaluated distribution and the reference point. The gamma quantity degenerates to the dose-difference and distance-to-agreement tests in shallow and very steep dose gradient regions, respectively. Since being introduced, the gamma quantity has been used by investigators to evaluate dose calculation algorithms, and compare dosimetry measurements. This manuscript examines the gamma distribution behavior in two dimensions and evaluates the gamma distribution in the presence of data noise. Noise in the evaluated distribution causes the gamma distribution to be underestimated relative to the no-noise, condition. Noise in the reference distribution adds noise in the gamma distribution in proportion to the normalized dose noise. In typical clinical use, the fraction of points that exceed 3% and 3 mm can be extensive, so we typically use 5% and 2-3 mm in clinical evaluations. For clinical cases, the calculation time is typically 5 minutes for a 1 x 1 mm2 interpolated resolution on an 800 MHz Pentium 4 for a 14.1 x 15.2 cm2 radiographic film.The gamma tool was developed to quantitatively compare dose distributions, either measured or calculated. Before computing gamma, the dose and distance scales of the two distributions, referred to as evaluated and reference, are renormalized by dose and distance criteria, respectively. The renormalization allows the dose distribution comparison to be conducted simultaneously along dose and distance axes. The gamma quantity, calculated independently for each reference point, is the minimum distance in the renormalized multidimensional space between the evaluated distribution and the reference point. The gamma quantity degenerates to the dose-difference and distance-to-agreement tests in shallow and very steep dose gradient regions, respectively. Since being introduced, the gamma quantity has been used by investigators to evaluate dose calculation algorithms, and compare dosimetry measurements. This manuscript examines the gamma distribution behavior in two dimensions and evaluates the gamma distribution in the presence of data noise. Noise in the evaluated distribution causes the gamma distribution to be underestimated relative to the no-noise, condition. Noise in the reference distribution adds noise in the gamma distribution in proportion to the normalized dose noise. In typical clinical use, the fraction of points that exceed 3% and 3 mm can be extensive, so we typically use 5% and 2-3 mm in clinical evaluations. For clinical cases, the calculation time is typically 5 minutes for a 1 x 1 mm2 interpolated resolution on an 800 MHz Pentium 4 for a 14.1 x 15.2 cm2 radiographic film. The gamma tool was developed to quantitatively compare dose distributions, either measured or calculated. Before computing gamma, the dose and distance scales of the two distributions, referred to as evaluated and reference, are renormalized by dose and distance criteria, respectively. The renormalization allows the dose distribution comparison to be conducted simultaneously along dose and distance axes. The gamma quantity, calculated independently for each reference point, is the minimum distance in the renormalized multidimensional space between the evaluated distribution and the reference point. The gamma quantity degenerates to the dose-difference and distance-to-agreement tests in shallow and very steep dose gradient regions, respectively. Since being introduced, the gamma quantity has been used by investigators to evaluate dose calculation algorithms, and compare dosimetry measurements. This manuscript examines the gamma distribution behavior in two dimensions and evaluates the gamma distribution in the presence of data noise. Noise in the evaluated distribution causes the gamma distribution to be underestimated relative to the no-noise, condition. Noise in the reference distribution adds noise in the gamma distribution in proportion to the normalized dose noise. In typical clinical use, the fraction of points that exceed 3% and 3 mm can be extensive, so we typically use 5% and 2-3 mm in clinical evaluations. For clinical cases, the calculation time is typically 5 minutes for a 1 x 1 mm2 interpolated resolution on an 800 MHz Pentium 4 for a 14.1 x 15.2 cm2 radiographic film. The γ tool was developed to quantitatively compare dose distributions, either measured or calculated. Before computing γ, the dose and distance scales of the two distributions, referred to as evaluated and reference, are renormalized by dose and distance criteria, respectively. The renormalization allows the dose distribution comparison to be conducted simultaneously along dose and distance axes. The γ quantity, calculated independently for each reference point, is the minimum distance in the renormalized multidimensional space between the evaluated distribution and the reference point. The γ quantity degenerates to the dose‐difference and distance‐to‐agreement tests in shallow and very steep dose gradient regions, respectively. Since being introduced, the γ quantity has been used by investigators to evaluate dose calculation algorithms, and compare dosimetry measurements. This manuscript examines the γ distribution behavior in two dimensions and evaluates the γ distribution in the presence of data noise. Noise in the evaluated distribution causes the γ distribution to be underestimated relative to the no‐noise condition. Noise in the reference distribution adds noise in the γ distribution in proportion to the normalized dose noise. In typical clinical use, the fraction of points that exceed 3% and 3 mm can be extensive, so we typically use 5% and 2–3 mm in clinical evaluations. For clinical cases, the calculation time is typically 5 minutes for a interpolated resolution on an 800 MHz Pentium 4 for a radiographic film. |
| Author | Dempsey, James F. Low, Daniel A. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Daniel A. surname: Low fullname: Low, Daniel A. organization: Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 – sequence: 2 givenname: James F. surname: Dempsey fullname: Dempsey, James F. organization: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610 |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14528967$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CODEN | MPHYA6 |
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| Snippet | The γ tool was developed to quantitatively compare dose distributions, either measured or calculated. Before computing γ, the dose and distance scales of the... The gamma tool was developed to quantitatively compare dose distributions, either measured or calculated. Before computing gamma, the dose and distance scales... |
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| SubjectTerms | algorithm theory Algorithms dose distribution comparison dosimetry Dosimetry/exposure assessment Gamma Rays gamma tool Humans intensity modulated radiation therapy intensity modulation Interpolation Physicists Quality Control radiation therapy Radiography Radiometry - methods Radiotherapy Dosage Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted - methods Radiotherapy, Conformal - methods random noise Renormalization Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Software Stochastic Processes Wedges and compensators |
| Title | Evaluation of the gamma dose distribution comparison method |
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