On the comprehensibility and perceived privacy protection of indirect questioning techniques

On surveys that assess sensitive personal attributes, indirect questioning aims at increasing respondents’ willingness to answer truthfully by protecting confidentiality. However, the assumption that subjects understand questioning procedures fully and trust them to protect their privacy is rarely t...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Behavior research methods Vol. 49; no. 4; pp. 1470 - 1483
Main Authors: Hoffmann, Adrian, Waubert de Puiseau, Berenike, Schmidt, Alexander F., Musch, Jochen
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Springer US 01.08.2017
Subjects:
ISSN:1554-3528, 1554-3528
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract On surveys that assess sensitive personal attributes, indirect questioning aims at increasing respondents’ willingness to answer truthfully by protecting confidentiality. However, the assumption that subjects understand questioning procedures fully and trust them to protect their privacy is rarely tested. In a scenario-based design, we compared four indirect questioning procedures in terms of their comprehensibility and perceived privacy protection. All indirect questioning techniques were found to be less comprehensible by respondents than a conventional direct question used for comparison. Less-educated respondents experienced more difficulties when confronted with any indirect questioning technique. Regardless of education, the crosswise model was found to be the most comprehensible among the four indirect methods. Indirect questioning in general was perceived to increase privacy protection in comparison to a direct question. Unexpectedly, comprehension and perceived privacy protection did not correlate. We recommend assessing these factors separately in future evaluations of indirect questioning.
AbstractList On surveys that assess sensitive personal attributes, indirect questioning aims at increasing respondents' willingness to answer truthfully by protecting confidentiality. However, the assumption that subjects understand questioning procedures fully and trust them to protect their privacy is rarely tested. In a scenario-based design, we compared four indirect questioning procedures in terms of their comprehensibility and perceived privacy protection. All indirect questioning techniques were found to be less comprehensible by respondents than a conventional direct question used for comparison. Less-educated respondents experienced more difficulties when confronted with any indirect questioning technique. Regardless of education, the crosswise model was found to be the most comprehensible among the four indirect methods. Indirect questioning in general was perceived to increase privacy protection in comparison to a direct question. Unexpectedly, comprehension and perceived privacy protection did not correlate. We recommend assessing these factors separately in future evaluations of indirect questioning.
On surveys that assess sensitive personal attributes, indirect questioning aims at increasing respondents' willingness to answer truthfully by protecting confidentiality. However, the assumption that subjects understand questioning procedures fully and trust them to protect their privacy is rarely tested. In a scenario-based design, we compared four indirect questioning procedures in terms of their comprehensibility and perceived privacy protection. All indirect questioning techniques were found to be less comprehensible by respondents than a conventional direct question used for comparison. Less-educated respondents experienced more difficulties when confronted with any indirect questioning technique. Regardless of education, the crosswise model was found to be the most comprehensible among the four indirect methods. Indirect questioning in general was perceived to increase privacy protection in comparison to a direct question. Unexpectedly, comprehension and perceived privacy protection did not correlate. We recommend assessing these factors separately in future evaluations of indirect questioning.On surveys that assess sensitive personal attributes, indirect questioning aims at increasing respondents' willingness to answer truthfully by protecting confidentiality. However, the assumption that subjects understand questioning procedures fully and trust them to protect their privacy is rarely tested. In a scenario-based design, we compared four indirect questioning procedures in terms of their comprehensibility and perceived privacy protection. All indirect questioning techniques were found to be less comprehensible by respondents than a conventional direct question used for comparison. Less-educated respondents experienced more difficulties when confronted with any indirect questioning technique. Regardless of education, the crosswise model was found to be the most comprehensible among the four indirect methods. Indirect questioning in general was perceived to increase privacy protection in comparison to a direct question. Unexpectedly, comprehension and perceived privacy protection did not correlate. We recommend assessing these factors separately in future evaluations of indirect questioning.
Author Waubert de Puiseau, Berenike
Musch, Jochen
Schmidt, Alexander F.
Hoffmann, Adrian
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Adrian
  surname: Hoffmann
  fullname: Hoffmann, Adrian
  email: adrian.hoffmann@hhu.de
  organization: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Düsseldorf
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Berenike
  surname: Waubert de Puiseau
  fullname: Waubert de Puiseau, Berenike
  organization: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Düsseldorf
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Alexander F.
  surname: Schmidt
  fullname: Schmidt, Alexander F.
  organization: Department of Psychology, Medical School Hamburg
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Jochen
  surname: Musch
  fullname: Musch, Jochen
  organization: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Düsseldorf
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27631988$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9kMtOwzAQRS1URB_wAWxQlmwCdmwnzhJVvKRK3cAOyXKcSesqcYqdVurf45CCEIuuZjy-175zpmhkWwsIXRN8RzMu7j2hLBExJmmMBWYxPUMTwnloeCJGf_oxmnq_wZiKhLALNE6ylJJciAn6WNqoW0Ok22brYA3Wm8LUpjtEypbRFpwGs4fQObNX-hBq24HuTGujtoqMLY0Lx-hzB74fGruKwv3amn5yic4rVXu4OtYZen96fJu_xIvl8-v8YRFrxlkXa-CKZTqvEh5SpQXHWDDKeYk1rlLKIGUV57jAeVg3VXlKsE7KXOgyLUHlFZ2h2-HdkO47iWyM11DXykK785IInmeJyCkJ0pujdFc0UMqwV6PcQf4QCQIyCLRrvXdQ_UoIlj11OVCXgbrsqUsaPNk_jzad6nl0Tpn6pDMZnD78Ylfg5KbdORtgnTB9Ab44ltw
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1007_s11199_018_0969_6
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11336_024_09976_3
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0197270
crossref_primary_10_1177_00222437231205252
crossref_primary_10_1177_0894439320907067
crossref_primary_10_1177_1525822X20985629
crossref_primary_10_1111_insr_12328
crossref_primary_10_1111_cobi_13908
crossref_primary_10_1111_insr_12597
crossref_primary_10_1080_21642850_2025_2478029
crossref_primary_10_1177_00491241211055764
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0261673
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2021_655592
crossref_primary_10_3758_s13428_017_0957_8
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biocon_2021_109089
crossref_primary_10_1177_0049124120914919
crossref_primary_10_1177_2158244020936223
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_024_19819_6
crossref_primary_10_1177_0049124121995520
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_50436_2
crossref_primary_10_3758_s13428_022_01819_2
crossref_primary_10_1177_00491241211043138
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0243384
crossref_primary_10_1027_1015_5759_a000813
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0235403
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_paid_2022_111525
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0258603
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0279741
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00362_022_01352_6
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biocon_2021_109191
crossref_primary_10_1080_01973533_2017_1331351
crossref_primary_10_1017_S1368980019001575
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0201770
crossref_primary_10_3758_s13428_020_01349_9
Cites_doi 10.1093/poq/nfq012
10.1177/0049124104268664
10.1080/01621459.1965.10480775
10.1093/biomet/77.2.439
10.1177/0962280210372843
10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
10.1037/0033-2909.92.2.487
10.1177/075910630207500104
10.1037/a0029314
10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181d61dbc
10.1007/s00184-007-0131-x
10.1007/s11135-011-9640-9
10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.08.003
10.1002/ejsp.588
10.1080/01621459.1967.10500910
10.1027/1618-3169/a000226
10.1002/jae.1052
10.3758/BF03193146
10.3102/1076998609332747
10.1016/j.chb.2004.11.001
10.3758/s13428-011-0144-2
10.1007/978-3-642-36276-7
10.1177/1094428103259557
10.3758/BF03330425
10.1080/01621459.1975.10480307
10.2307/1965247
10.1027/1618-3169/a000304
10.1080/01621459.1986.10478282
10.4135/9781412985581
10.1016/j.jml.2007.11.007
10.1037/11383-015
10.1023/A:1004361819974
10.1007/BF00991933
10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.859
10.1177/0049124110390768
10.1093/poq/nfr036
10.1037/0003-066X.59.2.93
10.2307/2060019
10.1037/1082-989X.4.3.243
10.1111/medu.12085
10.1177/0049124113500474
10.1177/0049124182011001005
10.1177/0193841X8000400503
10.1177/0049124100028004005
10.2307/3150633
10.1037/0033-2909.84.5.1045
10.1080/01621459.1976.10480332
10.1026/0012-1924/a000150
10.1515/jbnst-2011-5-612
10.1037/1082-989X.3.2.160
10.1037/0021-9010.82.5.756
10.1177/0049124191020001004
10.3758/s13428-011-0144-221858604
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1994.tb01962.x
10.1111/Medu.12085
10.1037/1082-989x.4.3.243
10.3758/s13428-015-0628-6
10.1177/0193841x8000400503
10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.85917723033
10.1002/Jae.1052
10.1093/Poq/Nfr036
10.1093/Poq/Nfq012
10.1037/A0029314
10.2307/2285297
10.1097/ede.0b013e3181d61dbc
10.1007/Bf00991933
10.2307/2289227
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Psychonomic Society, Inc. 2016
Copyright_xml – notice: Psychonomic Society, Inc. 2016
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7X8
DOI 10.3758/s13428-016-0804-3
DatabaseName CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE
MEDLINE - Academic

Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: 7X8
  name: MEDLINE - Academic
  url: https://search.proquest.com/medline
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Psychology
EISSN 1554-3528
EndPage 1483
ExternalDocumentID 27631988
10_3758_s13428_016_0804_3
Genre Journal Article
GroupedDBID ---
-55
-5G
-BR
-DZ
-EM
-ET
-~C
-~X
0-V
06D
0R~
0VY
199
1N0
203
23N
2J2
2JN
2JY
2KG
2KM
2LR
2VQ
30V
3V.
4.4
406
408
40E
53G
5GY
7X7
875
88E
8AO
8FI
8FJ
8G5
8TC
8UJ
95.
96X
AAAVM
AABHQ
AACDK
AAHNG
AAIAL
AAJBT
AAJKR
AAKPC
AANZL
AARTL
AASML
AATNV
AATVU
AAUYE
AAWCG
AAYIU
AAYQN
AAYTO
AAYZH
AAZMS
ABAKF
ABDZT
ABECU
ABFTV
ABHLI
ABIVO
ABJNI
ABJOX
ABJUD
ABKCH
ABMQK
ABNWP
ABPLI
ABPPZ
ABQBU
ABQSL
ABSXP
ABTEG
ABTHY
ABTKH
ABTMW
ABUWG
ABXPI
ACAOD
ACBXY
ACDTI
ACGFS
ACHQT
ACHSB
ACHXU
ACIWK
ACKIV
ACKNC
ACMDZ
ACMLO
ACNCT
ACOKC
ACPIV
ACPRK
ACZOJ
ADBBV
ADHHG
ADHIR
ADINQ
ADKNI
ADKPE
ADURQ
ADYFF
ADZKW
AEBTG
AEFQL
AEGAL
AEGNC
AEJHL
AEJRE
AEKMD
AEMSY
AEOHA
AEPYU
AESKC
AETCA
AEVLU
AEXYK
AFBBN
AFFNX
AFKRA
AFQWF
AFRAH
AFWTZ
AFZKB
AGAYW
AGDGC
AGJBK
AGMZJ
AGQEE
AGQMX
AGRTI
AGWIL
AGWZB
AGYKE
AHAVH
AHBYD
AHMBA
AHSBF
AHYZX
AIAKS
AIGIU
AIIXL
AILAN
AITGF
AJBLW
AJRNO
AJZVZ
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALSLI
AMKLP
AMXSW
AMYLF
AMYQR
AOCGG
ARALO
ARMRJ
ASPBG
AVWKF
AXYYD
AYQZM
AZFZN
AZQEC
B-.
BAWUL
BENPR
BGNMA
BPHCQ
BVXVI
C1A
CAG
CCPQU
COF
CSCUP
DDRTE
DIK
DNIVK
DPUIP
DWQXO
E3Z
EBD
EBLON
EBS
EIOEI
EJD
EMOBN
ESBYG
F5P
FEDTE
FERAY
FFXSO
FIGPU
FINBP
FNLPD
FRRFC
FSGXE
FYUFA
GGCAI
GGRSB
GJIRD
GNUQQ
GNWQR
GQ3
GQ6
GQ7
GUQSH
H13
HF~
HMCUK
HMJXF
HRMNR
HVGLF
HZ~
H~9
IAO
IHR
IKXTQ
INH
IPY
IRVIT
ITC
ITM
IWAJR
J-C
JBSCW
JZLTJ
KOV
LLZTM
M1P
M2M
M2O
M2R
M4Y
MVM
N2Q
N9A
NB0
NPVJJ
NQJWS
NU0
O9-
O93
O9G
O9J
OHT
OK1
P2P
P9L
PADUT
PF-
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PSYQQ
PT4
R9I
RIG
ROL
RPV
RSV
S16
S1Z
S27
S3B
SBS
SBU
SCLPG
SHX
SISQX
SJYHP
SNE
SNPRN
SNX
SOHCF
SOJ
SPISZ
SRMVM
SSLCW
SSXJD
STPWE
SV3
SZN
T13
TN5
TR2
TSG
TUC
TUS
U2A
U9L
UG4
UKHRP
UOJIU
UPT
UTJUX
UZXMN
VFIZW
VXZ
W48
WH7
WK8
XJT
XOL
XSW
Z7R
Z7S
Z7W
Z81
Z83
Z88
Z8N
Z92
ZMTXR
ZOVNA
ZUP
AAPKM
AAYXX
ABBRH
ABDBE
ABFSG
ABRTQ
ACSTC
ADHKG
AEZWR
AFDZB
AFFHD
AFHIU
AFOHR
AGQPQ
AHPBZ
AHWEU
AIXLP
ATHPR
AYFIA
CITATION
PHGZM
PHGZT
PJZUB
PPXIY
PRQQA
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7X8
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c454t-ce5a47c9f253196b50084355d0c0f634e64f550b093426a9610c2d98cd6dea9f3
IEDL.DBID RSV
ISICitedReferencesCount 40
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000407202200024&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 1554-3528
IngestDate Fri Sep 05 09:24:19 EDT 2025
Wed Feb 19 02:41:45 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 21:10:24 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 02:18:05 EST 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:36:59 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 4
Keywords Randomized response technique
Stochastic lie detector
Comprehension
Confidentiality
Crosswise model
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c454t-ce5a47c9f253196b50084355d0c0f634e64f550b093426a9610c2d98cd6dea9f3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
OpenAccessLink https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/s13428-016-0804-3.pdf
PMID 27631988
PQID 1859728931
PQPubID 23479
PageCount 14
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_1859728931
pubmed_primary_27631988
crossref_primary_10_3758_s13428_016_0804_3
crossref_citationtrail_10_3758_s13428_016_0804_3
springer_journals_10_3758_s13428_016_0804_3
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20170800
2017-8-00
2017-08-00
20170801
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2017-08-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 8
  year: 2017
  text: 20170800
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace New York
PublicationPlace_xml – name: New York
– name: United States
PublicationTitle Behavior research methods
PublicationTitleAbbrev Behav Res
PublicationTitleAlternate Behav Res Methods
PublicationYear 2017
Publisher Springer US
Publisher_xml – name: Springer US
References Erdfelder, Musch, Eid, Diener (CR16) 2006
Ostapczuk, Musch, Moshagen (CR53) 2011; 20
Fidler, Kleinknecht (CR19) 1977; 84
Abul-Ela, Greenberg, Horvitz (CR2) 1967; 62
Marquis, Marquis, Polich (CR43) 1986; 81
Ostapczuk, Musch, Moshagen (CR52) 2009; 39
van der Heijden, van Gils, Bouts, Hox (CR61) 2000; 28
Hoffmann, Musch (CR26) 2015
CR35
Landsheer, van der Heijden, van Gils (CR37) 1999; 33
Yu, Tian, Tang (CR65) 2008; 67
Soeken, Macready (CR55) 1982; 92
Edgell, Himmelfarb, Duchan (CR15) 1982; 11
Gosling, Vazire, Srivastava, John (CR23) 2004; 59
Faul, Erdfelder, Lang, Buchner (CR18) 2007; 39
Jann, Jerke, Krumpal (CR32) 2012; 76
Moshagen, Musch, Ostapczuk, Zhao (CR46) 2010; 21
Coutts, Jann (CR11) 2011; 40
Boeije, Lensvelt-Mulders (CR7) 2002; 75
Hejri, Zendehdel, Asghari, Fotouhi, Rashidian (CR24) 2013; 47
Warner (CR62) 1965; 60
Scheers, Dayton (CR54) 1987; 26
Böckenholt, Barlas, van der Heijden (CR6) 2009; 24
Moshagen, Hilbig, Erdfelder, Moritz (CR45) 2014; 61
Coutts, Jann, Krumpal, Näher (CR12) 2011; 231
Holbrook, Krosnick (CR27) 2010; 74
Lamb, Stem (CR36) 1978; 15
Wolter, Preisendörfer (CR64) 2013; 42
James, Nepusz, Naughton, Petroczi (CR31) 2013; 14
CR44
Faul, Erdfelder, Buchner, Lang (CR17) 2009; 41
Ostapczuk, Moshagen, Zhao, Musch (CR51) 2009; 34
Goodstadt, Gruson (CR22) 1975; 70
Tian, Tang (CR56) 2014
Abernathy, Greenberg, Horvitz (CR1) 1970; 7
Clark, Desharnais (CR9) 1998; 3
Kulka, Weeks, Folsom (CR34) 1981
Mangat (CR41) 1994; 56
Moshagen, Musch, Erdfelder (CR47) 2012; 44
Locander, Sudman, Bradburn (CR40) 1976; 71
Dawes, Moore, Petermann (CR13) 1980
Jaeger (CR30) 2008; 59
Cohen (CR10) 1988
CR50
Tourangeau, Yan (CR57) 2007; 133
Baudson, Preckel (CR4) 2016; 62
Fox, Tracy (CR21) 1986
Musch, Bröder, Klauer, Reips, Bosnjak (CR48) 2001
Ulrich, Schröter, Striegel, Simon (CR58) 2012; 17
Nakhaee, Pakravan, Nakhaee (CR49) 2013; 5
Fox, Tracy (CR20) 1980; 4
Edgell, Duchan, Himmelfarb (CR14) 1992; 30
Hoffmann, Diedenhofen, Verschuere, Musch (CR25) 2015; 62
Krumpal (CR33) 2013; 47
Mangat, Singh (CR42) 1990; 77
CR28
van der Heijden, van Gils, Bouts, Hox (CR60) 1998; 19
Lensvelt-Mulders, Hox, van der Heijden, Maas (CR39) 2005; 33
Birnbaum (CR5) 1999; 4
Chaudhuri, Christofides (CR8) 2013
Umesh, Peterson (CR59) 1991; 20
I-Cheng, Chow, Rider (CR29) 1972; 3
Ahart, Sackett (CR3) 2004; 7
Lensvelt-Mulders, Boeije (CR38) 2007; 23
Wimbush, Dalton (CR63) 1997; 82
KL Soeken (804_CR55) 1982; 92
SL Warner (804_CR62) 1965; 60
A Hoffmann (804_CR25) 2015; 62
GJLM Lensvelt-Mulders (804_CR38) 2007; 23
A Hoffmann (804_CR26) 2015
TF Jaeger (804_CR30) 2008; 59
M Ostapczuk (804_CR53) 2011; 20
NS Mangat (804_CR42) 1990; 77
RA Kulka (804_CR34) 1981
TG Baudson (804_CR4) 2016; 62
I Krumpal (804_CR33) 2013; 47
R Ulrich (804_CR58) 2012; 17
SE Edgell (804_CR15) 1982; 11
SM Hejri (804_CR24) 2013; 47
M Ostapczuk (804_CR51) 2009; 34
A-LA Abul-Ela (804_CR2) 1967; 62
JC Wimbush (804_CR63) 1997; 82
HR Boeije (804_CR7) 2002; 75
804_CR28
G-L Tian (804_CR56) 2014
U Böckenholt (804_CR6) 2009; 24
RM Dawes (804_CR13) 1980
MR Nakhaee (804_CR49) 2013; 5
MH Birnbaum (804_CR5) 1999; 4
AL Holbrook (804_CR27) 2010; 74
MS Goodstadt (804_CR22) 1975; 70
E Coutts (804_CR11) 2011; 40
E Erdfelder (804_CR16) 2006
NJ Scheers (804_CR54) 1987; 26
804_CR35
J Musch (804_CR48) 2001
GJLM Lensvelt-Mulders (804_CR39) 2005; 33
CW Lamb (804_CR36) 1978; 15
M Ostapczuk (804_CR52) 2009; 39
R Tourangeau (804_CR57) 2007; 133
J-W Yu (804_CR65) 2008; 67
SE Edgell (804_CR14) 1992; 30
W Locander (804_CR40) 1976; 71
PGM Heijden van der (804_CR61) 2000; 28
NS Mangat (804_CR41) 1994; 56
E Coutts (804_CR12) 2011; 231
A Chaudhuri (804_CR8) 2013
AM Ahart (804_CR3) 2004; 7
M Moshagen (804_CR45) 2014; 61
SJ Clark (804_CR9) 1998; 3
804_CR44
F Faul (804_CR18) 2007; 39
JA Fox (804_CR20) 1980; 4
PGM Heijden van der (804_CR60) 1998; 19
DS Fidler (804_CR19) 1977; 84
KH Marquis (804_CR43) 1986; 81
M Moshagen (804_CR46) 2010; 21
JA Fox (804_CR21) 1986
B Jann (804_CR32) 2012; 76
RA James (804_CR31) 2013; 14
SD Gosling (804_CR23) 2004; 59
J Cohen (804_CR10) 1988
F Wolter (804_CR64) 2013; 42
804_CR50
F Faul (804_CR17) 2009; 41
C I-Cheng (804_CR29) 1972; 3
UN Umesh (804_CR59) 1991; 20
JR Abernathy (804_CR1) 1970; 7
JA Landsheer (804_CR37) 1999; 33
M Moshagen (804_CR47) 2012; 44
References_xml – volume: 74
  start-page: 328
  year: 2010
  end-page: 343
  ident: CR27
  article-title: Measuring voter turnout by using the randomized response technique: Evidence calling into question the method’s validity
  publication-title: Public Opinion Quarterly
  doi: 10.1093/poq/nfq012
– volume: 33
  start-page: 319
  year: 2005
  end-page: 348
  ident: CR39
  article-title: Meta-analysis of randomized response research: Thirty-five years of validation
  publication-title: Sociological Methods and Research
  doi: 10.1177/0049124104268664
– volume: 60
  start-page: 63
  year: 1965
  end-page: 69
  ident: CR62
  article-title: Randomized-response—a survey technique for eliminating evasive answer bias
  publication-title: Journal of the American Statistical Association
  doi: 10.1080/01621459.1965.10480775
– volume: 77
  start-page: 439
  year: 1990
  end-page: 442
  ident: CR42
  article-title: An alternative randomized-response procedure
  publication-title: Biometrika
  doi: 10.1093/biomet/77.2.439
– volume: 20
  start-page: 489
  year: 2011
  end-page: 503
  ident: CR53
  article-title: Improving self-report measures of medication non-adherence using a cheating detection extension of the randomised-response-technique
  publication-title: Statistical Methods in Medical Research
  doi: 10.1177/0962280210372843
– volume: 41
  start-page: 1149
  year: 2009
  end-page: 1160
  ident: CR17
  article-title: Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses
  publication-title: Behavior Research Methods
  doi: 10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
– volume: 92
  start-page: 487
  year: 1982
  end-page: 489
  ident: CR55
  article-title: Respondents perceived protection when using randomized-response
  publication-title: Psychological Bulletin
  doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.92.2.487
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1
  issue: 3–4
  year: 2013
  end-page: 6
  ident: CR49
  article-title: Prevalence of use of anabolic steroids by bodybuilders using three methods in a city of Iran
  publication-title: Addict Health
– ident: CR35
– start-page: 179
  year: 2001
  end-page: 192
  ident: CR48
  article-title: Improving survey research on the World-Wide Web using the randomized response technique
  publication-title: Dimensions of Internet science
– volume: 75
  start-page: 24
  year: 2002
  end-page: 39
  ident: CR7
  article-title: Honest by chance: A qualitative interview study to clarify respondents (non-)compliance with computer-assisted randomized response
  publication-title: Bulletin Methodologie Sociologique
  doi: 10.1177/075910630207500104
– volume: 19
  start-page: 15
  year: 1998
  end-page: 34
  ident: CR60
  article-title: A comparison of randomized response, CASAQ, and direct questioning; eliciting sensitive information in the context of social security fraud
  publication-title: Kwantitatieve Methoden
– volume: 17
  start-page: 623
  issue: 4
  year: 2012
  end-page: 641
  ident: CR58
  article-title: Asking sensitive questions: A statistical power analysis of randomized response models
  publication-title: Psychological Methods
  doi: 10.1037/a0029314
– volume: 21
  start-page: 379
  year: 2010
  end-page: 382
  ident: CR46
  article-title: Reducing socially desirable responses in epidemiologic surveys. An extension of the randomized-response technique
  publication-title: Epidemiology
  doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181d61dbc
– volume: 67
  start-page: 251
  year: 2008
  end-page: 263
  ident: CR65
  article-title: Two new models for survey sampling with sensitive characteristic: design and analysis
  publication-title: Metrika
  doi: 10.1007/s00184-007-0131-x
– volume: 47
  start-page: 2025
  year: 2013
  end-page: 2047
  ident: CR33
  article-title: Determinants of social desirability bias in sensitive surveys: A literature review
  publication-title: Quality and Quantity
  doi: 10.1007/s11135-011-9640-9
– year: 2014
  ident: CR56
  publication-title: Incomplete categorical data design: Non-randomized response techniques for sensitive questions in surveys
– volume: 14
  start-page: 84
  year: 2013
  end-page: 96
  ident: CR31
  article-title: A potential inflating effect in estimation models: Cautionary evidence from comparing performance enhancing drug and herbal hormonal supplement use estimates
  publication-title: Psychology of Sport and Exercise
  doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.08.003
– ident: CR50
– volume: 39
  start-page: 920
  year: 2009
  end-page: 931
  ident: CR52
  article-title: A randomized-response investigation of the education effect in attitudes towards foreigners
  publication-title: European Journal of Social Psychology
  doi: 10.1002/ejsp.588
– volume: 62
  start-page: 990
  year: 1967
  end-page: 1008
  ident: CR2
  article-title: A multi-proportions randomized response model
  publication-title: Journal of the American Statistical Association
  doi: 10.1080/01621459.1967.10500910
– volume: 61
  start-page: 48
  year: 2014
  end-page: 54
  ident: CR45
  article-title: An experimental validation method for questioning techniques that assess sensitive issues
  publication-title: Experimental Psychology
  doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000226
– year: 2015
  ident: CR26
  article-title: Assessing the validity of two indirect questioning techniques: A Stochastic Lie Detector versus the Crosswise Model
  publication-title: Behavior Research Methods
– volume: 24
  start-page: 377
  year: 2009
  end-page: 392
  ident: CR6
  article-title: Do randomized-response designs eliminate response biases? an empirical study of non-compliance behavior
  publication-title: Journal of Applied Econometrics
  doi: 10.1002/jae.1052
– volume: 39
  start-page: 175
  year: 2007
  end-page: 191
  ident: CR18
  article-title: G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences
  publication-title: Behavior Research Methods
  doi: 10.3758/BF03193146
– volume: 34
  start-page: 267
  year: 2009
  end-page: 287
  ident: CR51
  article-title: Assessing sensitive attributes using the randomized response technique: Evidence for the importance of response symmetry
  publication-title: Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics
  doi: 10.3102/1076998609332747
– volume: 23
  start-page: 591
  year: 2007
  end-page: 608
  ident: CR38
  article-title: Evaluating compliance with a computer assisted randomized response technique: A qualitative study into the origins of lying and cheating
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2004.11.001
– volume: 44
  start-page: 222
  year: 2012
  end-page: 231
  ident: CR47
  article-title: A stochastic lie detector
  publication-title: Behavior Research Methods
  doi: 10.3758/s13428-011-0144-2
– year: 2013
  ident: CR8
  publication-title: Indirect questioning in sample surveys
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-36276-7
– volume: 7
  start-page: 101
  year: 2004
  end-page: 114
  ident: CR3
  article-title: A new method of examining relationships between individual difference measures and sensitive behavior criteria: Evaluating the unmatched count technique
  publication-title: Organizational Research Methods
  doi: 10.1177/1094428103259557
– volume: 30
  start-page: 153
  year: 1992
  end-page: 156
  ident: CR14
  article-title: An empirical-test of the unrelated question randomized-response technique
  publication-title: Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society
  doi: 10.3758/BF03330425
– volume: 70
  start-page: 814
  year: 1975
  end-page: 818
  ident: CR22
  article-title: Randomized response technique—Test on drug-use
  publication-title: Journal of the American Statistical Association
  doi: 10.1080/01621459.1975.10480307
– volume: 3
  start-page: 265
  year: 1972
  end-page: 269
  ident: CR29
  article-title: Randomized response technique as used in Taiwan Outcome of Pregnancy study
  publication-title: Studies in Family Planning
  doi: 10.2307/1965247
– volume: 62
  start-page: 403
  year: 2015
  end-page: 414
  ident: CR25
  article-title: A strong validation of the Crosswise Model using experimentally induced cheating behavior
  publication-title: Experimental Psychology
  doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000304
– volume: 81
  start-page: 381
  year: 1986
  end-page: 389
  ident: CR43
  article-title: Response bias and reliability in sensitive topic surveys
  publication-title: Journal of the American Statistical Association
  doi: 10.1080/01621459.1986.10478282
– year: 1986
  ident: CR21
  publication-title: Randomized response: A method for sensitive surveys
  doi: 10.4135/9781412985581
– start-page: 117
  year: 1980
  end-page: 133
  ident: CR13
  article-title: Die Guttman-Skalierung orthodoxer und randomisierter Reaktionen [Guttman scaling of orthodox and randomized reactions]
  publication-title: Einstellungsmessung, Einstellungsforschung [Attitude measurement, attitude research]
– volume: 59
  start-page: 434
  year: 2008
  end-page: 446
  ident: CR30
  article-title: Categorical data analysis: Away from ANOVAs (transformation or not) and towards logit mixed models
  publication-title: Journal of Memory and Language
  doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2007.11.007
– start-page: 205
  year: 2006
  end-page: 220
  ident: CR16
  article-title: Experimental methods of psychological assessment
  publication-title: Handbook of multimethod measurement in psychology
  doi: 10.1037/11383-015
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1
  year: 1999
  end-page: 12
  ident: CR37
  article-title: Trust and understanding, two psychological aspects of randomized response—a study of a method for improving the estimate of social security fraud
  publication-title: Quality and Quantity
  doi: 10.1023/A:1004361819974
– volume: 26
  start-page: 61
  issue: 1
  year: 1987
  end-page: 69
  ident: CR54
  article-title: Improved estimation of academic cheating behavior using the randomized-response technique
  publication-title: Research in Higher Education
  doi: 10.1007/BF00991933
– volume: 133
  start-page: 859
  year: 2007
  end-page: 883
  ident: CR57
  article-title: Sensitive questions in surveys
  publication-title: Psychological Bulletin
  doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.859
– volume: 40
  start-page: 169
  year: 2011
  end-page: 193
  ident: CR11
  article-title: Sensitive questions in online surveys: Experimental results for the Randomized Response Technique (RRT) and the Unmatched Count Technique (UCT)
  publication-title: Sociological Methods & Research
  doi: 10.1177/0049124110390768
– volume: 76
  start-page: 32
  year: 2012
  end-page: 49
  ident: CR32
  article-title: Asking sensitive questions using the crosswise model
  publication-title: Public Opinion Quarterly
  doi: 10.1093/poq/nfr036
– volume: 59
  start-page: 93
  year: 2004
  end-page: 104
  ident: CR23
  article-title: Should we trust web-based studies? a comparative analysis of six preconceptions about Internet questionnaires
  publication-title: American Psychologist
  doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.2.93
– year: 1981
  ident: CR34
  publication-title: A comparison of the randomized response approach and direct questioning approach to asking sensitive survey questions (Working paper)
– ident: CR44
– volume: 7
  start-page: 19
  year: 1970
  end-page: 29
  ident: CR1
  article-title: Estimates of induced abortion in urban North Carolina
  publication-title: Demography
  doi: 10.2307/2060019
– volume: 4
  start-page: 243
  year: 1999
  end-page: 249
  ident: CR5
  article-title: How to show that 9 > 221: Collect judgments in a between-subjects design
  publication-title: Psychological Methods
  doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.4.3.243
– volume: 47
  start-page: 144
  year: 2013
  end-page: 153
  ident: CR24
  article-title: Academic disintegrity among medical students: A randomised response technique study
  publication-title: Medical Education
  doi: 10.1111/medu.12085
– volume: 56
  start-page: 93
  year: 1994
  end-page: 95
  ident: CR41
  article-title: An improved randomized-response strategy
  publication-title: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B
– year: 1988
  ident: CR10
  publication-title: Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
– volume: 42
  start-page: 321
  year: 2013
  end-page: 353
  ident: CR64
  article-title: Asking sensitive questions: An evaluation of the randomized response technique versus direct questioning using individual validation data
  publication-title: Sociological Methods and Research
  doi: 10.1177/0049124113500474
– volume: 11
  start-page: 89
  year: 1982
  end-page: 100
  ident: CR15
  article-title: Validity of forced responses in a randomized-response model
  publication-title: Sociological Methods & Research
  doi: 10.1177/0049124182011001005
– volume: 4
  start-page: 601
  year: 1980
  end-page: 622
  ident: CR20
  article-title: The randomized response approach: Applicability to criminal justice research and evaluation
  publication-title: Evaluation Review
  doi: 10.1177/0193841X8000400503
– volume: 28
  start-page: 505
  year: 2000
  end-page: 537
  ident: CR61
  article-title: A comparison of randomized response, computer-assisted self-interview, and face-to-face direct questioning—eliciting sensitive information in the context of welfare and unemployment benefit
  publication-title: Sociological Methods and Research
  doi: 10.1177/0049124100028004005
– volume: 15
  start-page: 616
  year: 1978
  end-page: 621
  ident: CR36
  article-title: An empirical validation of the randomized response technique
  publication-title: Journal of Marketing Research
  doi: 10.2307/3150633
– volume: 84
  start-page: 1045
  year: 1977
  end-page: 1049
  ident: CR19
  article-title: Randomized response versus direct questioning: Two data-collection methods for sensitive information
  publication-title: Psychological Bulletin
  doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.84.5.1045
– ident: CR28
– volume: 71
  start-page: 269
  year: 1976
  end-page: 275
  ident: CR40
  article-title: An investigation of interview method, threat and response distortion
  publication-title: Journal of the American Statistical Association
  doi: 10.1080/01621459.1976.10480332
– volume: 62
  start-page: 182
  year: 2016
  end-page: 197
  ident: CR4
  article-title: mini-q: Intelligenzscreening in drei Minuten [mini-q: A three-minute intelligence screening]
  publication-title: Diagnostica
  doi: 10.1026/0012-1924/a000150
– volume: 231
  start-page: 749
  year: 2011
  end-page: 760
  ident: CR12
  article-title: Plagiarism in student papers: Prevalence estimates using special techniques for sensitive questions
  publication-title: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik
  doi: 10.1515/jbnst-2011-5-612
– volume: 3
  start-page: 160
  year: 1998
  end-page: 168
  ident: CR9
  article-title: Honest answers to embarrassing questions: Detecting cheating in the randomized response model
  publication-title: Psychological Methods
  doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.3.2.160
– volume: 82
  start-page: 756
  year: 1997
  end-page: 763
  ident: CR63
  article-title: Base rate for employee theft: Convergence of multiple methods
  publication-title: Journal of Applied Psychology
  doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.82.5.756
– volume: 20
  start-page: 104
  year: 1991
  end-page: 138
  ident: CR59
  article-title: A critical evaluation of the randomized-response method—applications, validation, and research agenda
  publication-title: Sociological Methods and Research
  doi: 10.1177/0049124191020001004
– volume: 30
  start-page: 153
  year: 1992
  ident: 804_CR14
  publication-title: Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society
  doi: 10.3758/BF03330425
– ident: 804_CR28
– volume: 59
  start-page: 434
  year: 2008
  ident: 804_CR30
  publication-title: Journal of Memory and Language
  doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2007.11.007
– volume: 44
  start-page: 222
  year: 2012
  ident: 804_CR47
  publication-title: Behavior Research Methods
  doi: 10.3758/s13428-011-0144-221858604
– volume: 40
  start-page: 169
  year: 2011
  ident: 804_CR11
  publication-title: Sociological Methods & Research
  doi: 10.1177/0049124110390768
– volume: 14
  start-page: 84
  year: 2013
  ident: 804_CR31
  publication-title: Psychology of Sport and Exercise
  doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.08.003
– volume: 20
  start-page: 489
  year: 2011
  ident: 804_CR53
  publication-title: Statistical Methods in Medical Research
  doi: 10.1177/0962280210372843
– volume: 56
  start-page: 93
  year: 1994
  ident: 804_CR41
  publication-title: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B
  doi: 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1994.tb01962.x
– volume-title: A comparison of the randomized response approach and direct questioning approach to asking sensitive survey questions (Working paper)
  year: 1981
  ident: 804_CR34
– volume: 3
  start-page: 160
  year: 1998
  ident: 804_CR9
  publication-title: Psychological Methods
  doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.3.2.160
– volume: 59
  start-page: 93
  year: 2004
  ident: 804_CR23
  publication-title: American Psychologist
  doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.2.93
– volume: 47
  start-page: 144
  year: 2013
  ident: 804_CR24
  publication-title: Medical Education
  doi: 10.1111/Medu.12085
– volume-title: Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
  year: 1988
  ident: 804_CR10
– volume: 62
  start-page: 990
  year: 1967
  ident: 804_CR2
  publication-title: Journal of the American Statistical Association
  doi: 10.1080/01621459.1967.10500910
– volume: 4
  start-page: 243
  year: 1999
  ident: 804_CR5
  publication-title: Psychological Methods
  doi: 10.1037/1082-989x.4.3.243
– volume: 62
  start-page: 403
  year: 2015
  ident: 804_CR25
  publication-title: Experimental Psychology
  doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000304
– year: 2015
  ident: 804_CR26
  publication-title: Behavior Research Methods
  doi: 10.3758/s13428-015-0628-6
– volume: 11
  start-page: 89
  year: 1982
  ident: 804_CR15
  publication-title: Sociological Methods & Research
  doi: 10.1177/0049124182011001005
– volume: 82
  start-page: 756
  year: 1997
  ident: 804_CR63
  publication-title: Journal of Applied Psychology
  doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.82.5.756
– volume: 4
  start-page: 601
  year: 1980
  ident: 804_CR20
  publication-title: Evaluation Review
  doi: 10.1177/0193841x8000400503
– ident: 804_CR50
– volume: 133
  start-page: 859
  year: 2007
  ident: 804_CR57
  publication-title: Psychological Bulletin
  doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.85917723033
– volume: 33
  start-page: 319
  year: 2005
  ident: 804_CR39
  publication-title: Sociological Methods and Research
  doi: 10.1177/0049124104268664
– start-page: 179
  volume-title: Dimensions of Internet science
  year: 2001
  ident: 804_CR48
– volume: 42
  start-page: 321
  year: 2013
  ident: 804_CR64
  publication-title: Sociological Methods and Research
  doi: 10.1177/0049124113500474
– volume: 15
  start-page: 616
  year: 1978
  ident: 804_CR36
  publication-title: Journal of Marketing Research
  doi: 10.2307/3150633
– ident: 804_CR44
– volume-title: Indirect questioning in sample surveys
  year: 2013
  ident: 804_CR8
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-36276-7
– volume: 70
  start-page: 814
  year: 1975
  ident: 804_CR22
  publication-title: Journal of the American Statistical Association
  doi: 10.1080/01621459.1975.10480307
– volume: 24
  start-page: 377
  year: 2009
  ident: 804_CR6
  publication-title: Journal of Applied Econometrics
  doi: 10.1002/Jae.1052
– volume: 28
  start-page: 505
  year: 2000
  ident: 804_CR61
  publication-title: Sociological Methods and Research
  doi: 10.1177/0049124100028004005
– volume: 76
  start-page: 32
  year: 2012
  ident: 804_CR32
  publication-title: Public Opinion Quarterly
  doi: 10.1093/Poq/Nfr036
– volume: 84
  start-page: 1045
  year: 1977
  ident: 804_CR19
  publication-title: Psychological Bulletin
  doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.84.5.1045
– volume: 34
  start-page: 267
  year: 2009
  ident: 804_CR51
  publication-title: Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics
  doi: 10.3102/1076998609332747
– volume: 74
  start-page: 328
  year: 2010
  ident: 804_CR27
  publication-title: Public Opinion Quarterly
  doi: 10.1093/Poq/Nfq012
– volume: 39
  start-page: 920
  year: 2009
  ident: 804_CR52
  publication-title: European Journal of Social Psychology
  doi: 10.1002/ejsp.588
– volume-title: Incomplete categorical data design: Non-randomized response techniques for sensitive questions in surveys
  year: 2014
  ident: 804_CR56
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1
  issue: 3–4
  year: 2013
  ident: 804_CR49
  publication-title: Addict Health
– start-page: 117
  volume-title: Einstellungsmessung, Einstellungsforschung [Attitude measurement, attitude research]
  year: 1980
  ident: 804_CR13
– volume: 75
  start-page: 24
  year: 2002
  ident: 804_CR7
  publication-title: Bulletin Methodologie Sociologique
  doi: 10.1177/075910630207500104
– volume: 23
  start-page: 591
  year: 2007
  ident: 804_CR38
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2004.11.001
– volume: 20
  start-page: 104
  year: 1991
  ident: 804_CR59
  publication-title: Sociological Methods and Research
  doi: 10.1177/0049124191020001004
– volume: 41
  start-page: 1149
  year: 2009
  ident: 804_CR17
  publication-title: Behavior Research Methods
  doi: 10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
– volume-title: Randomized response: A method for sensitive surveys
  year: 1986
  ident: 804_CR21
  doi: 10.4135/9781412985581
– volume: 60
  start-page: 63
  year: 1965
  ident: 804_CR62
  publication-title: Journal of the American Statistical Association
  doi: 10.1080/01621459.1965.10480775
– volume: 17
  start-page: 623
  issue: 4
  year: 2012
  ident: 804_CR58
  publication-title: Psychological Methods
  doi: 10.1037/A0029314
– volume: 62
  start-page: 182
  year: 2016
  ident: 804_CR4
  publication-title: Diagnostica
  doi: 10.1026/0012-1924/a000150
– ident: 804_CR35
– volume: 71
  start-page: 269
  year: 1976
  ident: 804_CR40
  publication-title: Journal of the American Statistical Association
  doi: 10.2307/2285297
– volume: 77
  start-page: 439
  year: 1990
  ident: 804_CR42
  publication-title: Biometrika
  doi: 10.1093/biomet/77.2.439
– volume: 231
  start-page: 749
  year: 2011
  ident: 804_CR12
  publication-title: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik
  doi: 10.1515/jbnst-2011-5-612
– volume: 21
  start-page: 379
  year: 2010
  ident: 804_CR46
  publication-title: Epidemiology
  doi: 10.1097/ede.0b013e3181d61dbc
– volume: 67
  start-page: 251
  year: 2008
  ident: 804_CR65
  publication-title: Metrika
  doi: 10.1007/s00184-007-0131-x
– volume: 61
  start-page: 48
  year: 2014
  ident: 804_CR45
  publication-title: Experimental Psychology
  doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000226
– volume: 26
  start-page: 61
  issue: 1
  year: 1987
  ident: 804_CR54
  publication-title: Research in Higher Education
  doi: 10.1007/Bf00991933
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1
  year: 1999
  ident: 804_CR37
  publication-title: Quality and Quantity
  doi: 10.1023/A:1004361819974
– volume: 19
  start-page: 15
  year: 1998
  ident: 804_CR60
  publication-title: Kwantitatieve Methoden
– volume: 39
  start-page: 175
  year: 2007
  ident: 804_CR18
  publication-title: Behavior Research Methods
  doi: 10.3758/BF03193146
– volume: 7
  start-page: 101
  year: 2004
  ident: 804_CR3
  publication-title: Organizational Research Methods
  doi: 10.1177/1094428103259557
– start-page: 205
  volume-title: Handbook of multimethod measurement in psychology
  year: 2006
  ident: 804_CR16
  doi: 10.1037/11383-015
– volume: 92
  start-page: 487
  year: 1982
  ident: 804_CR55
  publication-title: Psychological Bulletin
  doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.92.2.487
– volume: 3
  start-page: 265
  year: 1972
  ident: 804_CR29
  publication-title: Studies in Family Planning
  doi: 10.2307/1965247
– volume: 7
  start-page: 19
  year: 1970
  ident: 804_CR1
  publication-title: Demography
  doi: 10.2307/2060019
– volume: 47
  start-page: 2025
  year: 2013
  ident: 804_CR33
  publication-title: Quality and Quantity
  doi: 10.1007/s11135-011-9640-9
– volume: 81
  start-page: 381
  year: 1986
  ident: 804_CR43
  publication-title: Journal of the American Statistical Association
  doi: 10.2307/2289227
SSID ssj0038214
Score 2.3864386
Snippet On surveys that assess sensitive personal attributes, indirect questioning aims at increasing respondents’ willingness to answer truthfully by protecting...
On surveys that assess sensitive personal attributes, indirect questioning aims at increasing respondents' willingness to answer truthfully by protecting...
SourceID proquest
pubmed
crossref
springer
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 1470
SubjectTerms Adult
Behavioral Science and Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Comprehension
Confidentiality
Educational Status
Female
Humans
Male
Perception
Privacy
Psychology
Surveys and Questionnaires
Title On the comprehensibility and perceived privacy protection of indirect questioning techniques
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-016-0804-3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27631988
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1859728931
Volume 49
WOSCitedRecordID wos000407202200024&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAVX
  databaseName: Springer LINK
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1554-3528
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0038214
  issn: 1554-3528
  databaseCode: RSV
  dateStart: 20050201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://link.springer.com/search?facet-content-type=%22Journal%22
  providerName: Springer Nature
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LS8QwEB509eDF92N9EcGTUmybtEmPIooHUfHFHoTS5oEL0pXturD_3pk-FsQH6K2HpG1mMpNvMpMvAIcikrl0RnhGS-cRP7unlM09mXOEs1qZPKvY9a_k9bXq9ZLb5hx32Va7tynJylNTXImg9qQMuCA25QAjYEXb-bMwh6udImu8u39q3S9XYSDq9OX33T4vQF9Q5ZeMaLXQXCz96xeXYbHBley0nggrMGOLVViYurfJGjzfFAzRHqMi8qF9sW1h7IRlhWFvVOCCng-fhv1xpiesYXBAvbGBY5TaJufIqnHUm7hsSgBbrsPjxfnD2aXX3K3gaRGJkadtlAmpExdWRphHRKyP2MP42ncxFzYWDoOX3E9wSHGWIMrSoUmUNrGxWeL4BnSKQWG3gAmTC507P_ZlLGKCnBlXxtpQuVhH3HbBbwWe6oZ4nO6_eE0xACG5pbXcUio2I7mlvAtH0y5vNevGb40PWi2maBuU8MgKO3gvU8QiicSIkgdd2KzVO31diI41SJTqwnGry7Qx3_Lnb23_qfUOLISEAqp6wV3ojIbvdg_m9XjUL4f7MCt7ar-avB96mOpC
linkProvider Springer Nature
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LS-RAEC5cFdaL78f4bMHTLsEk3Uk6RxFFcRxF3cXDQpP0AwckI5NRmH9vVR4D4iroLYfuJF3VXf1V15cvAAciSvLEGeEZnTiP9Nk9KW3uJTlHOKulybNKXb-b9Hry_j69br7jLlu2e1uSrCI15ZUIag_LgAtSUw4wA5Z0nP8DZgRuWMTju7n924ZfLsNA1OXL_3d7uwG9Q5XvKqLVRnO68K1XXIT5Bleyo3oiLMGULZZhbhLexivw76pgiPYYkciH9sG2xNgxywrDnojggpEPr4b9l0yPWaPggH5jA8eotE3BkVXjqA9x2UQAtlyFP6cnd8dnXvNvBU-LSIw8baNMJDp1YbUI84iE9RF7GF_7LubCxsJh8pL7KQ4pzlJEWTo0qdQmNjZLHV-D6WJQ2A1gwuRC586P_SQWMUHOjEtjbShdrCNuO-C3Ble6ER6n_188KkxAyG6qtpsishnZTfEO_Jp0eapVNz5rvN96UeHaoIJHVtjBc6kQi6QJZpQ86MB67d7J7UIMrEEqZQd-t75UzfItP37W5pda78HPs7vLruqe9y62YC4kRFBxB7dhejR8tjswq19G_XK4W03hV_kx7D4
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1ZS8NAEB68kL54H_VcwSclNMluks2jqEVRasEDH4Ql2QMLkpamCv337uQoSFUQ3_Kwm2NmZ_abnck3AMcsiNLIKOYoGRkH-dkdznXqRCm1cFZylSYFu_5t1Onw5-e4W_U5zetq9zolWf7TgCxN2ag1UAZNnFqA28o9ypBZ2bPRMMej_VmYZ9gzCMP1-6faFVPue6xMZX4_7etmNIUwp7KjxabTXv73667AUoU3yVm5QFZhRmdr0Ji4vfE6vNxlxKJAgsXlQ_2q64LZMUkyRQZY-GI9or0a9j4SOSYVs4PVJ-kbgilvdJqk-KbycJdMiGHzDXhsXz6cXzlVzwVHsoCNHKmDhEUyNn5hnGmAhPsWkyhXuiakTIfM2KAmdWP7SWESW_QlfRVzqUKlk9jQTZjL-pneBsJUymRq3NCNQhYiFE0oV1r73IQyoLoJbi18IStCcuyL8SZsYIJyE6XcBBahodwEbcLJZMqgZOP4bfBRrVFhbQYTIUmm---5sBgljmykSb0mbJWqntzOtw7XizlvwmmtV1GZdf7zs3b-NPoQFrsXbXF73bnZhYaPQKEoKdyDudHwXe_DgvwY9fLhQbGaPwF0CPUi
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=On+the+comprehensibility+and+perceived+privacy+protection+of+indirect+questioning+techniques&rft.jtitle=Behavior+research+methods&rft.au=Hoffmann%2C+Adrian&rft.au=Waubert+de+Puiseau%2C+Berenike&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Alexander+F&rft.au=Musch%2C+Jochen&rft.date=2017-08-01&rft.issn=1554-3528&rft.eissn=1554-3528&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1470&rft_id=info:doi/10.3758%2Fs13428-016-0804-3&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1554-3528&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1554-3528&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1554-3528&client=summon