Efficacy of cognitive bias modification interventions in anxiety and depression: Meta-analysis

Cognitive bias modification (CBM) interventions are strongly advocated in research and clinical practice. To examine the efficiency of CBM for clinically relevant outcomes, along with study quality, publication bias and potential moderators. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of CBM int...

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Veröffentlicht in:British journal of psychiatry Jg. 206; H. 1; S. 7 - 16
Hauptverfasser: Cristea, Ioana A., Kok, Robin N., Cuijpers, Pim
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01.01.2015
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ISSN:0007-1250, 1472-1465, 1472-1465
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Abstract Cognitive bias modification (CBM) interventions are strongly advocated in research and clinical practice. To examine the efficiency of CBM for clinically relevant outcomes, along with study quality, publication bias and potential moderators. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of CBM interventions that reported clinically relevant outcomes assessed with standardised instruments. We identified 49 trials and grouped outcomes into anxiety and depression. Effect sizes were small considering all the samples, and mostly non-significant for patient samples. Effect sizes became non-significant when outliers were excluded and after adjustment for publication bias. The quality of the RCTs was suboptimal. CBM may have small effects on mental health problems, but it is also very well possible that there are no significant clinically relevant effects. Research in this field is hampered by small and low-quality trials, and by risk of publication bias. Many positive outcomes are driven by extreme outliers.
AbstractList Background: Cognitive bias modification (CBM) interventions are strongly advocated in research and clinical practice. Aims: To examine the efficacy of CBM for clinically relevant outcomes, along with study quality, publication bias and potential moderators. Method: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of CBM interventions that reported clinically relevant outcomes assessed with standardised instruments. Results: We identified 49 trials and grouped outcomes into anxiety and depression. Effect sizes were small considering all the samples, and mostly non-significant for patient samples. Effect sizes became non-significant when outliers were excluded and after adjustment for publication bias. The quality of the RCTs was suboptimal. Conclusions: CBM may have small effects on mental health problems, but it is also very well possible that there are no significant clinically relevant effects. Research in this field is hampered by small and low-quality trials, and by risk of publication bias. Many positive outcomes are driven by extreme outliers. Declaration of interest: None.
Cognitive bias modification (CBM) interventions are strongly advocated in research and clinical practice.BACKGROUNDCognitive bias modification (CBM) interventions are strongly advocated in research and clinical practice.To examine the efficiency of CBM for clinically relevant outcomes, along with study quality, publication bias and potential moderators.AIMSTo examine the efficiency of CBM for clinically relevant outcomes, along with study quality, publication bias and potential moderators.We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of CBM interventions that reported clinically relevant outcomes assessed with standardised instruments.METHODWe included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of CBM interventions that reported clinically relevant outcomes assessed with standardised instruments.We identified 49 trials and grouped outcomes into anxiety and depression. Effect sizes were small considering all the samples, and mostly non-significant for patient samples. Effect sizes became non-significant when outliers were excluded and after adjustment for publication bias. The quality of the RCTs was suboptimal.RESULTSWe identified 49 trials and grouped outcomes into anxiety and depression. Effect sizes were small considering all the samples, and mostly non-significant for patient samples. Effect sizes became non-significant when outliers were excluded and after adjustment for publication bias. The quality of the RCTs was suboptimal.CBM may have small effects on mental health problems, but it is also very well possible that there are no significant clinically relevant effects. Research in this field is hampered by small and low-quality trials, and by risk of publication bias. Many positive outcomes are driven by extreme outliers.CONCLUSIONSCBM may have small effects on mental health problems, but it is also very well possible that there are no significant clinically relevant effects. Research in this field is hampered by small and low-quality trials, and by risk of publication bias. Many positive outcomes are driven by extreme outliers.
Cognitive bias modification (CBM) interventions are strongly advocated in research and clinical practice. To examine the efficiency of CBM for clinically relevant outcomes, along with study quality, publication bias and potential moderators. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of CBM interventions that reported clinically relevant outcomes assessed with standardised instruments. We identified 49 trials and grouped outcomes into anxiety and depression. Effect sizes were small considering all the samples, and mostly non-significant for patient samples. Effect sizes became non-significant when outliers were excluded and after adjustment for publication bias. The quality of the RCTs was suboptimal. CBM may have small effects on mental health problems, but it is also very well possible that there are no significant clinically relevant effects. Research in this field is hampered by small and low-quality trials, and by risk of publication bias. Many positive outcomes are driven by extreme outliers.
Background Cognitive bias modification (CBM) interventions are strongly advocated in research and clinical practice. Aims To examine the efficiency of CBM for clinically relevant outcomes, along with study quality, publication bias and potential moderators. Method We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of CBM interventions that reported clinically relevant outcomes assessed with standardised instruments. Results we identified 49 trials and grouped outcomes into anxiety and depression. Effect sizes were small considering all the samples, and mostly non-significant for patient samples. Effect sizes became non-significant when outliers were excluded and after adjustment for publication bias. The quality of the RCTs was suboptimal. Conclusions CBM may have small effects on mental health problems, but it is also very well possible that there are no significant clinically relevant effects. Research in this field is hampered by small and low-quality trials, and by risk of publication bias. Many positive outcomes are driven by extreme outliers.
Author Cristea, Ioana A.
Kok, Robin N.
Cuijpers, Pim
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Ioana A.
  surname: Cristea
  fullname: Cristea, Ioana A.
  organization: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and Clinical Psychology Branch, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Robin N.
  surname: Kok
  fullname: Kok, Robin N.
  organization: Department of Clinical Psychology and the EMGO institute for Health and Care Research, Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Pim
  surname: Cuijpers
  fullname: Cuijpers, Pim
  organization: Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University and VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25561486$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Cognitive bias modification (CBM) interventions are strongly advocated in research and clinical practice. To examine the efficiency of CBM for clinically...
Cognitive bias modification (CBM) interventions are strongly advocated in research and clinical practice.BACKGROUNDCognitive bias modification (CBM)...
Background Cognitive bias modification (CBM) interventions are strongly advocated in research and clinical practice. Aims To examine the efficiency of CBM for...
Background: Cognitive bias modification (CBM) interventions are strongly advocated in research and clinical practice. Aims: To examine the efficacy of CBM for...
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StartPage 7
SubjectTerms Anxiety - therapy
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Depression - therapy
Humans
Publication Bias - statistics & numerical data
Review Article
Treatment Outcome
Title Efficacy of cognitive bias modification interventions in anxiety and depression: Meta-analysis
URI https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007125000237318/type/journal_article
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25561486
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