Exploring phenotypic and genotypic diversity among methicillin-resistant, vancomycin-resistant, and sensitive Staphylococcus aureus
Background: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global concern owing to the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Vancomycin has been the primary treatment for MRSA; however, Vancomycin-resistant strains are being increasingly reported worldwide. Therefore,...
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| Vydáno v: | Medicine (Baltimore) Ročník 103; číslo 52; s. e41051 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
Hagerstown, MD
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
27.12.2024
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| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 1536-5964, 0025-7974, 1536-5964 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
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| Shrnutí: | Background:
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global concern owing to the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Vancomycin has been the primary treatment for MRSA; however, Vancomycin-resistant strains are being increasingly reported worldwide. Therefore, comparative studies are essential to support antimicrobial stewardship and improving clinical management. Ultimately, the findings from this study are expected to inform treatment strategies and guide public health interventions effectively.
Material and methods:
This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence characteristics of Vancomycin-sensitive S. aureus (VSSA) and Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) within MRSA strains. By employing a combination of phenotypic methods, such as antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and genotypic techniques, including molecular typing and identification of virulence genes, we obtained comprehensive insights into VRSA and VSSA profiles.
Results:
Of 250 clinical samples, 62 (24.8%) were S. aureus and 27 (43.5%) were identified as MRSA. All MRSA isolates exhibited MDR patterns. Most MRSA strains were VSSA (20/27, 74.1%), while 7 (25.9%) were VRSA. The VRSA isolates showed more antimicrobial resistance than VSSA isolates; however, the VRSA isolates had less virulence than VSSA isolates. Linezolid was the most effective treatment, with a 3.7% resistance rate. A higher percentage of biofilm-producing MRSA (96.3%) was confirmed by both phenotypic and genotypic methods. All isolates, except one VRSA, showed multi-virulence patterns (harbored more than 3 virulence genes). High diversity and low clonality (D-value = 0.99) were found in both VSSA and VRSA. Based on our correlation findings, the emergence of vancomycin resistance could modify the association between antimicrobial resistance and virulence, potentially affecting the pathogenic profile of these strains. The study also revealed complex interactions among host factors (including age and gender), sample origin, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm production, and virulence genes.
Conclusion:
This study highlights the alarming spread of MRSA and VRSA, which show significant resistance and virulence. |
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| Bibliografie: | Received: 26 July 2024 / Received in final form: 2 December 2024 / Accepted: 4 December 2024 Informed consent was obtained from all patients involved in the study. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Before starting the work, the protocols of sample collection were revised and approved by Faculty of Pharmacy Research Ethical Committee, Port-Said University (REC.PHARM.PSU) with the following Ethical approval number (REC.PHARM.PSU-2022-7). How to cite this article: Bakeer W, Gaafar M, El-Gendy AO, El Badry MA, Alblwi NAN, Selim HMRM, Alharbi NK, Bendary MM. Exploring phenotypic and genotypic diversity among methicillin-resistant, vancomycin-resistant, and sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Medicine 2024;103:52(e41051). *Correspondence: Mahmoud M. Bendary, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42511, Egypt (e-mail: micro_bendary@yahoo.com). ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3 |
| ISSN: | 1536-5964 0025-7974 1536-5964 |
| DOI: | 10.1097/MD.0000000000041051 |