IMI – Defining and Classifying Myopia: A Proposed Set of Standards for Clinical and Epidemiologic Studies

We provide a standardized set of terminology, definitions, and thresholds of myopia and its main ocular complications. Critical review of current terminology and choice of myopia thresholds was done to ensure that the proposed standards are appropriate for clinical research purposes, relevant to the...

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Vydané v:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science Ročník 60; číslo 3; s. M20 - M30
Hlavní autori: Flitcroft, Daniel Ian, He, Mingguang, Jonas, Jost B., Jong, Monica, Naidoo, Kovin, Ohno-Matsui, Kyoko, Rahi, Jugnoo, Resnikoff, Serge, Vitale, Susan, Yannuzzi, Lawrence
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: United States The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 01.02.2019
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ISSN:1552-5783, 0146-0404, 1552-5783
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Abstract We provide a standardized set of terminology, definitions, and thresholds of myopia and its main ocular complications. Critical review of current terminology and choice of myopia thresholds was done to ensure that the proposed standards are appropriate for clinical research purposes, relevant to the underlying biology of myopia, acceptable to researchers in the field, and useful for developing health policy. We recommend that the many descriptive terms of myopia be consolidated into the following descriptive categories: myopia, secondary myopia, axial myopia, and refractive myopia. To provide a framework for research into myopia prevention, the condition of "pre-myopia" is defined. As a quantitative trait, we recommend that myopia be divided into myopia (i.e., all myopia), low myopia, and high myopia. The current consensus threshold value for myopia is a spherical equivalent refractive error ≤ -0.50 diopters (D), but this carries significant risks of classification bias. The current consensus threshold value for high myopia is a spherical equivalent refractive error ≤ -6.00 D. "Pathologic myopia" is proposed as the categorical term for the adverse, structural complications of myopia. A clinical classification is proposed to encompass the scope of such structural complications. Standardized definitions and consistent choice of thresholds are essential elements of evidence-based medicine. It is hoped that these proposals, or derivations from them, will facilitate rigorous, evidence-based approaches to the study and management of myopia.
AbstractList We provide a standardized set of terminology, definitions, and thresholds of myopia and its main ocular complications. Critical review of current terminology and choice of myopia thresholds was done to ensure that the proposed standards are appropriate for clinical research purposes, relevant to the underlying biology of myopia, acceptable to researchers in the field, and useful for developing health policy. We recommend that the many descriptive terms of myopia be consolidated into the following descriptive categories: myopia, secondary myopia, axial myopia, and refractive myopia. To provide a framework for research into myopia prevention, the condition of "pre-myopia" is defined. As a quantitative trait, we recommend that myopia be divided into myopia (i.e., all myopia), low myopia, and high myopia. The current consensus threshold value for myopia is a spherical equivalent refractive error ≤ -0.50 diopters (D), but this carries significant risks of classification bias. The current consensus threshold value for high myopia is a spherical equivalent refractive error ≤ -6.00 D. "Pathologic myopia" is proposed as the categorical term for the adverse, structural complications of myopia. A clinical classification is proposed to encompass the scope of such structural complications. Standardized definitions and consistent choice of thresholds are essential elements of evidence-based medicine. It is hoped that these proposals, or derivations from them, will facilitate rigorous, evidence-based approaches to the study and management of myopia.
We provide a standardized set of terminology, definitions, and thresholds of myopia and its main ocular complications.PurposeWe provide a standardized set of terminology, definitions, and thresholds of myopia and its main ocular complications.Critical review of current terminology and choice of myopia thresholds was done to ensure that the proposed standards are appropriate for clinical research purposes, relevant to the underlying biology of myopia, acceptable to researchers in the field, and useful for developing health policy.MethodsCritical review of current terminology and choice of myopia thresholds was done to ensure that the proposed standards are appropriate for clinical research purposes, relevant to the underlying biology of myopia, acceptable to researchers in the field, and useful for developing health policy.We recommend that the many descriptive terms of myopia be consolidated into the following descriptive categories: myopia, secondary myopia, axial myopia, and refractive myopia. To provide a framework for research into myopia prevention, the condition of "pre-myopia" is defined. As a quantitative trait, we recommend that myopia be divided into myopia (i.e., all myopia), low myopia, and high myopia. The current consensus threshold value for myopia is a spherical equivalent refractive error ≤ -0.50 diopters (D), but this carries significant risks of classification bias. The current consensus threshold value for high myopia is a spherical equivalent refractive error ≤ -6.00 D. "Pathologic myopia" is proposed as the categorical term for the adverse, structural complications of myopia. A clinical classification is proposed to encompass the scope of such structural complications.ResultsWe recommend that the many descriptive terms of myopia be consolidated into the following descriptive categories: myopia, secondary myopia, axial myopia, and refractive myopia. To provide a framework for research into myopia prevention, the condition of "pre-myopia" is defined. As a quantitative trait, we recommend that myopia be divided into myopia (i.e., all myopia), low myopia, and high myopia. The current consensus threshold value for myopia is a spherical equivalent refractive error ≤ -0.50 diopters (D), but this carries significant risks of classification bias. The current consensus threshold value for high myopia is a spherical equivalent refractive error ≤ -6.00 D. "Pathologic myopia" is proposed as the categorical term for the adverse, structural complications of myopia. A clinical classification is proposed to encompass the scope of such structural complications.Standardized definitions and consistent choice of thresholds are essential elements of evidence-based medicine. It is hoped that these proposals, or derivations from them, will facilitate rigorous, evidence-based approaches to the study and management of myopia.ConclusionsStandardized definitions and consistent choice of thresholds are essential elements of evidence-based medicine. It is hoped that these proposals, or derivations from them, will facilitate rigorous, evidence-based approaches to the study and management of myopia.
Author Vitale, Susan
Flitcroft, Daniel Ian
Ohno-Matsui, Kyoko
Resnikoff, Serge
He, Mingguang
Jonas, Jost B.
Jong, Monica
Yannuzzi, Lawrence
Naidoo, Kovin
Rahi, Jugnoo
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Daniel Ian
  surname: Flitcroft
  fullname: Flitcroft, Daniel Ian
  organization: Children's University Hospital, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Mingguang
  surname: He
  fullname: He, Mingguang
  organization: Centre for Eye Research Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Jost B.
  surname: Jonas
  fullname: Jonas, Jost B.
  organization: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karis-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Monica
  surname: Jong
  fullname: Jong, Monica
  organization: Brien Holden Vision Institute and School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Kovin
  surname: Naidoo
  fullname: Naidoo, Kovin
  organization: Brien Holden Vision Institute and School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Kyoko
  surname: Ohno-Matsui
  fullname: Ohno-Matsui, Kyoko
  organization: Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Jugnoo
  surname: Rahi
  fullname: Rahi, Jugnoo
  organization: Institute of Child Health, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Serge
  surname: Resnikoff
  fullname: Resnikoff, Serge
  organization: Brien Holden Vision Institute and School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Susan
  surname: Vitale
  fullname: Vitale, Susan
  organization: National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Lawrence
  surname: Yannuzzi
  fullname: Yannuzzi, Lawrence
  organization: The Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York and the LuEsther T. Mertz Retina Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, New York, United States
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30817826$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet We provide a standardized set of terminology, definitions, and thresholds of myopia and its main ocular complications. Critical review of current terminology...
We provide a standardized set of terminology, definitions, and thresholds of myopia and its main ocular complications.PurposeWe provide a standardized set of...
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SubjectTerms Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological - standards
Epidemiologic Studies
Humans
Internationality
Myopia - classification
Myopia - diagnosis
Myopia - epidemiology
Myopia - physiopathology
Refraction, Ocular - physiology
Special Issue
Terminology as Topic
Visual Acuity - physiology
Title IMI – Defining and Classifying Myopia: A Proposed Set of Standards for Clinical and Epidemiologic Studies
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