Analysis of an optimal public transport structure under a carbon emission constraint: a case study in Shanghai, China

Along with the rapid development of the transportation industry, the problems of the energy crisis and transport emissions have become increasingly serious. The success of traffic emission reduction is related to the realization of global low-carbon goals. Placing priority on public transport is the...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Environmental science and pollution research international Jg. 25; H. 4; S. 3348 - 3359
Hauptverfasser:	Zhang, Linling, Long, Ruyin, Chen, Hong, Yang, Tong
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.02.2018 Springer Nature B.V
Schlagworte:	Air Pollution - analysis Air Pollution - prevention & control Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Carbon case studies China Computer Simulation Earth and Environmental Science Economics Ecotoxicology Emission analysis Emissions control Emissions trading energy Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Mathematical programming Models, Theoretical Multiple objective analysis Profitability Public transportation Rail transportation Research Article Traffic Traffic models Transportation - methods Transportation - standards Transportation industry Travel Vehicle emissions Vehicle Emissions - analysis Vehicle Emissions - prevention & control Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control China Shanghai China Emission reduction potential Multi-objective programming model Traffic carbon emission Public transport structure Satisfaction
ISSN:	0944-1344, 1614-7499, 1614-7499
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Abstract	Along with the rapid development of the transportation industry, the problems of the energy crisis and transport emissions have become increasingly serious. The success of traffic emission reduction is related to the realization of global low-carbon goals. Placing priority on public transport is the internationally recognized traffic development model. This paper takes Shanghai, China, as an example to examine the optimal public transport structure. Five factors were selected from personal and public perspectives, including travel costs, crowding degree, occupied area, traffic emissions, and operating subsidies. The objective functions of these factors were transformed into satisfaction functions, and a multi-objective programming model was used to solve for the optimal proportions of the ground bus and rail transit, and the carbon emission reduction potential was analyzed in different scenarios. The study showed that the actual proportion of rail transit in Shanghai was slightly lower than the optimal value, and accompanied by low satisfaction with each factor relative to the optimal value. It was difficult to achieve the traffic emission reduction targets by only reducing satisfaction with other factors except carbon emissions assuming a fixed proportion of public transport. As the proportion of total travel represented by public transport increased, rail transit became the main mode of public transport and the usage trend was more obvious, but the structure of public transport gradually reached a relatively stable state after a certain level of development. Compared to reducing carbon emissions by changing satisfaction with other factors, it was easier to achieve traffic emission reduction targets by increasing the proportion of public transport. To increase the proportion of public transport travel and achieve the goal of traffic reduction in the future, further improvements are needed in the quality of public transport system services, public transport priority development must be differentiated, and the profitability of the public transport industry itself must be enhanced.
AbstractList	Along with the rapid development of the transportation industry, the problems of the energy crisis and transport emissions have become increasingly serious. The success of traffic emission reduction is related to the realization of global low-carbon goals. Placing priority on public transport is the internationally recognized traffic development model. This paper takes Shanghai, China, as an example to examine the optimal public transport structure. Five factors were selected from personal and public perspectives, including travel costs, crowding degree, occupied area, traffic emissions, and operating subsidies. The objective functions of these factors were transformed into satisfaction functions, and a multi-objective programming model was used to solve for the optimal proportions of the ground bus and rail transit, and the carbon emission reduction potential was analyzed in different scenarios. The study showed that the actual proportion of rail transit in Shanghai was slightly lower than the optimal value, and accompanied by low satisfaction with each factor relative to the optimal value. It was difficult to achieve the traffic emission reduction targets by only reducing satisfaction with other factors except carbon emissions assuming a fixed proportion of public transport. As the proportion of total travel represented by public transport increased, rail transit became the main mode of public transport and the usage trend was more obvious, but the structure of public transport gradually reached a relatively stable state after a certain level of development. Compared to reducing carbon emissions by changing satisfaction with other factors, it was easier to achieve traffic emission reduction targets by increasing the proportion of public transport. To increase the proportion of public transport travel and achieve the goal of traffic reduction in the future, further improvements are needed in the quality of public transport system services, public transport priority development must be differentiated, and the profitability of the public transport industry itself must be enhanced. Along with the rapid development of the transportation industry, the problems of the energy crisis and transport emissions have become increasingly serious. The success of traffic emission reduction is related to the realization of global low-carbon goals. Placing priority on public transport is the internationally recognized traffic development model. This paper takes Shanghai, China, as an example to examine the optimal public transport structure. Five factors were selected from personal and public perspectives, including travel costs, crowding degree, occupied area, traffic emissions, and operating subsidies. The objective functions of these factors were transformed into satisfaction functions, and a multi-objective programming model was used to solve for the optimal proportions of the ground bus and rail transit, and the carbon emission reduction potential was analyzed in different scenarios. The study showed that the actual proportion of rail transit in Shanghai was slightly lower than the optimal value, and accompanied by low satisfaction with each factor relative to the optimal value. It was difficult to achieve the traffic emission reduction targets by only reducing satisfaction with other factors except carbon emissions assuming a fixed proportion of public transport. As the proportion of total travel represented by public transport increased, rail transit became the main mode of public transport and the usage trend was more obvious, but the structure of public transport gradually reached a relatively stable state after a certain level of development. Compared to reducing carbon emissions by changing satisfaction with other factors, it was easier to achieve traffic emission reduction targets by increasing the proportion of public transport. To increase the proportion of public transport travel and achieve the goal of traffic reduction in the future, further improvements are needed in the quality of public transport system services, public transport priority development must be differentiated, and the profitability of the public transport industry itself must be enhanced.Along with the rapid development of the transportation industry, the problems of the energy crisis and transport emissions have become increasingly serious. The success of traffic emission reduction is related to the realization of global low-carbon goals. Placing priority on public transport is the internationally recognized traffic development model. This paper takes Shanghai, China, as an example to examine the optimal public transport structure. Five factors were selected from personal and public perspectives, including travel costs, crowding degree, occupied area, traffic emissions, and operating subsidies. The objective functions of these factors were transformed into satisfaction functions, and a multi-objective programming model was used to solve for the optimal proportions of the ground bus and rail transit, and the carbon emission reduction potential was analyzed in different scenarios. The study showed that the actual proportion of rail transit in Shanghai was slightly lower than the optimal value, and accompanied by low satisfaction with each factor relative to the optimal value. It was difficult to achieve the traffic emission reduction targets by only reducing satisfaction with other factors except carbon emissions assuming a fixed proportion of public transport. As the proportion of total travel represented by public transport increased, rail transit became the main mode of public transport and the usage trend was more obvious, but the structure of public transport gradually reached a relatively stable state after a certain level of development. Compared to reducing carbon emissions by changing satisfaction with other factors, it was easier to achieve traffic emission reduction targets by increasing the proportion of public transport. To increase the proportion of public transport travel and achieve the goal of traffic reduction in the future, further improvements are needed in the quality of public transport system services, public transport priority development must be differentiated, and the profitability of the public transport industry itself must be enhanced.
Author	Yang, Tong Zhang, Linling Chen, Hong Long, Ruyin
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Linling surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Linling organization: School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology – sequence: 2 givenname: Ruyin surname: Long fullname: Long, Ruyin email: longruyin@163.com organization: School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology – sequence: 3 givenname: Hong surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Hong email: hongchenxz@163.com organization: School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology – sequence: 4 givenname: Tong surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Tong organization: School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology
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Copyright	Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2017 Environmental Science and Pollution Research is a copyright of Springer, (2017). All Rights Reserved.
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Snippet	Along with the rapid development of the transportation industry, the problems of the energy crisis and transport emissions have become increasingly serious....
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SubjectTerms	Air Pollution - analysis Air Pollution - prevention & control Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Carbon case studies China Computer Simulation Earth and Environmental Science Economics Ecotoxicology Emission analysis Emissions control Emissions trading energy Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Mathematical programming Models, Theoretical Multiple objective analysis Profitability Public transportation Rail transportation Research Article Traffic Traffic models Transportation - methods Transportation - standards Transportation industry Travel Vehicle emissions Vehicle Emissions - analysis Vehicle Emissions - prevention & control Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control
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Title	Analysis of an optimal public transport structure under a carbon emission constraint: a case study in Shanghai, China
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