Subjective variables in travel behavior models: a critical review and Standardized Transport Attitude Measurement Protocol (STAMP)

Understanding people’s travel behavior is necessary for achieving goals such as increased bicycling and walking, decreased traffic congestion, and adoption of clean-fuel vehicles. To understand underlying motivations, researchers increasingly are adding subjective variables to models of travel behav...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Transportation (Dordrecht) Vol. 51; no. 1; pp. 155 - 191
Main Authors: Bhagat-Conway, Matthew Wigginton, Mirtich, Laura, Salon, Deborah, Harness, Nathan, Consalvo, Alexis, Hong, Shuyao
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Springer US 01.02.2024
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Air pollution
Attitudes
Behavior
Bicycles
Built environment
Causality
Clean fuels
Economic Geography
Economics
Economics and Finance
Engineering Economics
Environmental protection
Heterogeneity
Innovation/Technology Management
Logistics
Marketing
Measurement
Organization
Outdoor air quality
Perceptions
Planning
Polls & surveys
Purchase intention
Qualitative research
Questions
Regional/Spatial Science
Researcher subject relations
Sociodemographics
Subjectivity
Surveys
Systematic review
Traffic congestion
Transportation
Travel
Variables
Vehicles
Walking
Attitudes
Travel choice
Perceptions
Factor analysis
Travel behavior
ISSN:0049-4488, 1572-9435
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Understanding people’s travel behavior is necessary for achieving goals such as increased bicycling and walking, decreased traffic congestion, and adoption of clean-fuel vehicles. To understand underlying motivations, researchers increasingly are adding subjective variables to models of travel behavior. This article presents a systematic review of 158 such studies. Nearly every reviewed article finds subjective variables to be predictive of transport outcomes. However, the 158 reviewed studies include 2864 distinct subjective survey questions. This heterogeneity makes it difficult to reach definitive conclusions about which subjective variables are most important for which transport outcomes. In addition to heterogeneity, challenges of this literature also include an unclear direction of causality and tautological relationships between some subjective variables and behavior. Within the constraints imposed by these challenges, we attempt to evaluate the explanatory power of subjective variables, which subjective variables matter most for which transport choices, and whether the answers to these questions vary between continents. To reduce heterogeneity in future studies, we introduce the Standardized Transport Attitude Measurement Protocol, which identifies a curated set of subjective questions. We have also developed an open-access database of the reviewed studies, including all subjective survey questions and models, with an interactive, searchable interface.
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ISSN:0049-4488
1572-9435
DOI:10.1007/s11116-022-10323-7