Thymus persicus (Ronniger ex Rech. f.) Jalas alleviates nociceptive and neuropathic pain behavior in mice: Multiple mechanisms of action

Thymus persicus (Roniger ex Reach F.) is an Iranian endemic medicinal plant of which essential oil and various products have numerous food and pharmaceutical applications (headache and fever treatments). This modern research included Swiss mice to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-neuropathi...

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Vydáno v:	Journal of ethnopharmacology Ročník 283; číslo NA; s. 114695
Hlavní autoři:	Abed, Donya Ziafatdoost, Sadeghian, Reihaneh, Mohammadi, Saeed, Akram, Muhammad
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Ireland Elsevier B.V 30.01.2022
Témata:	Administration, Oral Allodynia analgesic effect Analgesics - chemistry Analgesics - therapeutic use Animals carvacrol dopamine essential oils fever glibenclamide headache Hyperalgesia Male medicinal plants methylene blue Mice morphine Neuralgia - drug therapy Nociceptive pain Pain receptors Plant Extracts - chemistry Plant Extracts - therapeutic use pretreatment serotonin spinal cord Spinal cord injuries Thymus persicus Thymus Plant - chemistry traditional medicine yohimbine Allodynia Thymus persicus Pain receptors Spinal cord injuries Nociceptive pain Hyperalgesia
ISSN:	0378-8741, 1872-7573, 1872-7573
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Abstract	Thymus persicus (Roniger ex Reach F.) is an Iranian endemic medicinal plant of which essential oil and various products have numerous food and pharmaceutical applications (headache and fever treatments). This modern research included Swiss mice to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-neuropathic effects of Thymus persicus aerial parts essential oil (TPEO). To determine TPEO's anti-nociceptive function in the formalin-induced paw licking (FML), researchers looked at the L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel signaling pathway as well as multiple receptors as with serotonin, morphine, dopamine, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The CVC or cervical spinal cord contusion exemplar has also been used to induce neuropathic pain. TPEO (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) relative to control mice in the phase-II of FML provided strong antinociception (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, methylene blue, glibenclamide, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, naloxonazine, nor-binaltorphimine, prazosin, yohimbine, and ondansetron pre-treating restored the TPEO anti-nociceptive activity in the FML (phase-II) exemplar (p < 0.05). In phase-II of the FML exemplar, carvacrol (one of the active components of TPEO) also greatly reduced pain (p < 0.001). Likewise, in CVC mice, TPEO altered mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia. It was attained magnificently that TPEO could exerts antinociceptive effects through the involvement of L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP signaling pathway, adrenergic, opioid, and serotonin receptors. Moreover, it is demonstrate that anti-neuropathic activity of TPEO may be mediated by inflammatory function. [Display omitted]
AbstractList	Thymus persicus (Roniger ex Reach F.) is an Iranian endemic medicinal plant of which essential oil and various products have numerous food and pharmaceutical applications (headache and fever treatments).ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCEThymus persicus (Roniger ex Reach F.) is an Iranian endemic medicinal plant of which essential oil and various products have numerous food and pharmaceutical applications (headache and fever treatments).This modern research included Swiss mice to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-neuropathic effects of Thymus persicus aerial parts essential oil (TPEO).OBJECTIVEThis modern research included Swiss mice to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-neuropathic effects of Thymus persicus aerial parts essential oil (TPEO).To determine TPEO's anti-nociceptive function in the formalin-induced paw licking (FML), researchers looked at the L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel signaling pathway as well as multiple receptors as with serotonin, morphine, dopamine, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The CVC or cervical spinal cord contusion exemplar has also been used to induce neuropathic pain.MATERIALS AND METHODSTo determine TPEO's anti-nociceptive function in the formalin-induced paw licking (FML), researchers looked at the L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel signaling pathway as well as multiple receptors as with serotonin, morphine, dopamine, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The CVC or cervical spinal cord contusion exemplar has also been used to induce neuropathic pain.TPEO (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) relative to control mice in the phase-II of FML provided strong antinociception (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, methylene blue, glibenclamide, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, naloxonazine, nor-binaltorphimine, prazosin, yohimbine, and ondansetron pre-treating restored the TPEO anti-nociceptive activity in the FML (phase-II) exemplar (p < 0.05). In phase-II of the FML exemplar, carvacrol (one of the active components of TPEO) also greatly reduced pain (p < 0.001). Likewise, in CVC mice, TPEO altered mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia.RESULTSTPEO (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) relative to control mice in the phase-II of FML provided strong antinociception (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, methylene blue, glibenclamide, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, naloxonazine, nor-binaltorphimine, prazosin, yohimbine, and ondansetron pre-treating restored the TPEO anti-nociceptive activity in the FML (phase-II) exemplar (p < 0.05). In phase-II of the FML exemplar, carvacrol (one of the active components of TPEO) also greatly reduced pain (p < 0.001). Likewise, in CVC mice, TPEO altered mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia.It was attained magnificently that TPEO could exerts antinociceptive effects through the involvement of L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP signaling pathway, adrenergic, opioid, and serotonin receptors. Moreover, it is demonstrate that anti-neuropathic activity of TPEO may be mediated by inflammatory function.CONCLUSIONIt was attained magnificently that TPEO could exerts antinociceptive effects through the involvement of L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP signaling pathway, adrenergic, opioid, and serotonin receptors. Moreover, it is demonstrate that anti-neuropathic activity of TPEO may be mediated by inflammatory function. Ethnopharmacological relevance Thymus persicus (Roniger ex Reach F.) is an Iranian endemic medicinal plant of which essential oil and various products have numerous food and pharmaceutical applications (headache and fever treatments). Objective: This modern research included Swiss mice to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-neuropathic effects of Thymus persicus aerial parts essential oil (TPEO). Materials and methods To determine TPEO's anti-nociceptive function in the formalin-induced paw licking (FML), researchers looked at the L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel signaling pathway as well as multiple receptors as with serotonin, morphine, dopamine, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The CVC or cervical spinal cord contusion exemplar has also been used to induce neuropathic pain. Results: TPEO (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) relative to control mice in the phase-II of FML provided strong antinociception (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, methylene blue, glibenclamide, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, naloxonazine, nor-binaltorphimine, prazosin, yohimbine, and ondansetron pre-treating restored the TPEO anti-nociceptive activity in the FML (phase-II) exemplar (p < 0.05). In phase-II of the FML exemplar, carvacrol (one of the active components of TPEO) also greatly reduced pain (p < 0.001). Likewise, in CVC mice, TPEO altered mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia. Conclusion: It was attained magnificently that TPEO could exerts antinociceptive effects through the involvement of L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP signaling pathway, adrenergic, opioid, and serotonin receptors. Moreover, it is demonstrate that anti-neuropathic activity of TPEO may be mediated by inflammatory function. Graphical abstract Image 1 Thymus persicus (Roniger ex Reach F.) is an Iranian endemic medicinal plant of which essential oil and various products have numerous food and pharmaceutical applications (headache and fever treatments).This modern research included Swiss mice to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-neuropathic effects of Thymus persicus aerial parts essential oil (TPEO).To determine TPEO's anti-nociceptive function in the formalin-induced paw licking (FML), researchers looked at the L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel signaling pathway as well as multiple receptors as with serotonin, morphine, dopamine, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The CVC or cervical spinal cord contusion exemplar has also been used to induce neuropathic pain.TPEO (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) relative to control mice in the phase-II of FML provided strong antinociception (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, methylene blue, glibenclamide, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, naloxonazine, nor-binaltorphimine, prazosin, yohimbine, and ondansetron pre-treating restored the TPEO anti-nociceptive activity in the FML (phase-II) exemplar (p < 0.05). In phase-II of the FML exemplar, carvacrol (one of the active components of TPEO) also greatly reduced pain (p < 0.001). Likewise, in CVC mice, TPEO altered mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia.It was attained magnificently that TPEO could exerts antinociceptive effects through the involvement of L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP signaling pathway, adrenergic, opioid, and serotonin receptors. Moreover, it is demonstrate that anti-neuropathic activity of TPEO may be mediated by inflammatory function. Thymus persicus (Roniger ex Reach F.) is an Iranian endemic medicinal plant of which essential oil and various products have numerous food and pharmaceutical applications (headache and fever treatments). This modern research included Swiss mice to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-neuropathic effects of Thymus persicus aerial parts essential oil (TPEO). To determine TPEO's anti-nociceptive function in the formalin-induced paw licking (FML), researchers looked at the L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel signaling pathway as well as multiple receptors as with serotonin, morphine, dopamine, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The CVC or cervical spinal cord contusion exemplar has also been used to induce neuropathic pain. TPEO (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) relative to control mice in the phase-II of FML provided strong antinociception (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, methylene blue, glibenclamide, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, naloxonazine, nor-binaltorphimine, prazosin, yohimbine, and ondansetron pre-treating restored the TPEO anti-nociceptive activity in the FML (phase-II) exemplar (p < 0.05). In phase-II of the FML exemplar, carvacrol (one of the active components of TPEO) also greatly reduced pain (p < 0.001). Likewise, in CVC mice, TPEO altered mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia. It was attained magnificently that TPEO could exerts antinociceptive effects through the involvement of L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP signaling pathway, adrenergic, opioid, and serotonin receptors. Moreover, it is demonstrate that anti-neuropathic activity of TPEO may be mediated by inflammatory function. Thymus persicus (Roniger ex Reach F.) is an Iranian endemic medicinal plant of which essential oil and various products have numerous food and pharmaceutical applications (headache and fever treatments). This modern research included Swiss mice to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-neuropathic effects of Thymus persicus aerial parts essential oil (TPEO). To determine TPEO's anti-nociceptive function in the formalin-induced paw licking (FML), researchers looked at the L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel signaling pathway as well as multiple receptors as with serotonin, morphine, dopamine, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The CVC or cervical spinal cord contusion exemplar has also been used to induce neuropathic pain. TPEO (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) relative to control mice in the phase-II of FML provided strong antinociception (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, methylene blue, glibenclamide, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, naloxonazine, nor-binaltorphimine, prazosin, yohimbine, and ondansetron pre-treating restored the TPEO anti-nociceptive activity in the FML (phase-II) exemplar (p < 0.05). In phase-II of the FML exemplar, carvacrol (one of the active components of TPEO) also greatly reduced pain (p < 0.001). Likewise, in CVC mice, TPEO altered mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia. It was attained magnificently that TPEO could exerts antinociceptive effects through the involvement of L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP signaling pathway, adrenergic, opioid, and serotonin receptors. Moreover, it is demonstrate that anti-neuropathic activity of TPEO may be mediated by inflammatory function. [Display omitted]
ArticleNumber	114695
Author	Akram, Muhammad Sadeghian, Reihaneh Mohammadi, Saeed Abed, Donya Ziafatdoost
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Donya Ziafatdoost surname: Abed fullname: Abed, Donya Ziafatdoost email: professor12214@gmail.com organization: Department of Biology, Hamadan Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran – sequence: 2 givenname: Reihaneh surname: Sadeghian fullname: Sadeghian, Reihaneh email: sadeghianr20@gmail.com organization: Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran – sequence: 3 givenname: Saeed orcidid: 0000-0001-6966-7493 surname: Mohammadi fullname: Mohammadi, Saeed email: smiauhphd.sm@gmail.com, s_mohammadi@srbiau.ac.ir organization: Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran – sequence: 4 givenname: Muhammad surname: Akram fullname: Akram, Muhammad email: dr4092258@gmail.com organization: Department of Eastern Medicine, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Keywords	Allodynia Thymus persicus Pain receptors Spinal cord injuries Nociceptive pain Hyperalgesia
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Snippet	Thymus persicus (Roniger ex Reach F.) is an Iranian endemic medicinal plant of which essential oil and various products have numerous food and pharmaceutical... Ethnopharmacological relevance Thymus persicus (Roniger ex Reach F.) is an Iranian endemic medicinal plant of which essential oil and various products have...
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SubjectTerms	Administration, Oral Allodynia analgesic effect Analgesics - chemistry Analgesics - therapeutic use Animals carvacrol dopamine essential oils fever glibenclamide headache Hyperalgesia Male medicinal plants methylene blue Mice morphine Neuralgia - drug therapy Nociceptive pain Pain receptors Plant Extracts - chemistry Plant Extracts - therapeutic use pretreatment serotonin spinal cord Spinal cord injuries Thymus persicus Thymus Plant - chemistry traditional medicine yohimbine
Title	Thymus persicus (Ronniger ex Rech. f.) Jalas alleviates nociceptive and neuropathic pain behavior in mice: Multiple mechanisms of action
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