Missed Opportunities to Diagnose Common Variable Immunodeficiency: a Population-Based Case–Control Study Identifying Indicator Diseases for Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Purpose Delayed diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) remains a serious problem. We investigated whether some diseases diagnosed during out-patient visits or admission to hospitals could act as indicator conditions for CVID diagnosis. Methods In this nested case–control study, we iden...
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| Published in: | Journal of clinical immunology Vol. 43; no. 8; pp. 2104 - 2114 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York
Springer US
01.11.2023
Springer Nature B.V |
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| ISSN: | 0271-9142, 1573-2592, 1573-2592 |
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| Abstract | Purpose
Delayed diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) remains a serious problem. We investigated whether some diseases diagnosed during out-patient visits or admission to hospitals could act as indicator conditions for CVID diagnosis.
Methods
In this nested case–control study, we identified 128 cases diagnosed with CVID in Denmark (1999–2013) and 640 age-, gender-, and region-matched controls. We obtained data on diseases diagnosed at hospitals in the five years before CVID diagnosis from The National Hospital Registry. We grouped hospital diagnoses in 33 major disease categories and 210 subcategories. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate associations between disease exposure and subsequent CVID.
Results
During the five years preceding a CVID diagnosis, cases had four times as many hospital contacts as the controls (
p
< 0.001). A diagnosis in 18 major disease categories showed a significant OR for subsequent diagnosis of CVID. The most substantial association with a subsequent CVID diagnosis was a diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (OR: 29.9; 95% CI: 14.2–63.2) and lung diseases (35.1; 15.0–82.5). We observed a similar association when we removed the last year before diagnosis from analysis and overall, in the years < 1, ≥ 1–3, and ≥ 3–5 before diagnosis, although the absolute number of exposures was small. Twenty-eight specific diseases displayed an at least 3-fold risk of subsequent CVID diagnosis.
Conclusion
Targeted screening for antibody deficiency in patients diagnosed with specific diseases associated with CVID may lead to earlier CVID diagnosis and treatment and thereby potentially reduced morbidity and mortality. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Delayed diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) remains a serious problem. We investigated whether some diseases diagnosed during out-patient visits or admission to hospitals could act as indicator conditions for CVID diagnosis.
In this nested case-control study, we identified 128 cases diagnosed with CVID in Denmark (1999-2013) and 640 age-, gender-, and region-matched controls. We obtained data on diseases diagnosed at hospitals in the five years before CVID diagnosis from The National Hospital Registry. We grouped hospital diagnoses in 33 major disease categories and 210 subcategories. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate associations between disease exposure and subsequent CVID.
During the five years preceding a CVID diagnosis, cases had four times as many hospital contacts as the controls (p < 0.001). A diagnosis in 18 major disease categories showed a significant OR for subsequent diagnosis of CVID. The most substantial association with a subsequent CVID diagnosis was a diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (OR: 29.9; 95% CI: 14.2-63.2) and lung diseases (35.1; 15.0-82.5). We observed a similar association when we removed the last year before diagnosis from analysis and overall, in the years < 1, ≥ 1-3, and ≥ 3-5 before diagnosis, although the absolute number of exposures was small. Twenty-eight specific diseases displayed an at least 3-fold risk of subsequent CVID diagnosis.
Targeted screening for antibody deficiency in patients diagnosed with specific diseases associated with CVID may lead to earlier CVID diagnosis and treatment and thereby potentially reduced morbidity and mortality. PURPOSE: Delayed diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) remains a serious problem. We investigated whether some diseases diagnosed during out-patient visits or admission to hospitals could act as indicator conditions for CVID diagnosis. METHODS: In this nested case–control study, we identified 128 cases diagnosed with CVID in Denmark (1999–2013) and 640 age-, gender-, and region-matched controls. We obtained data on diseases diagnosed at hospitals in the five years before CVID diagnosis from The National Hospital Registry. We grouped hospital diagnoses in 33 major disease categories and 210 subcategories. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate associations between disease exposure and subsequent CVID. RESULTS: During the five years preceding a CVID diagnosis, cases had four times as many hospital contacts as the controls (p < 0.001). A diagnosis in 18 major disease categories showed a significant OR for subsequent diagnosis of CVID. The most substantial association with a subsequent CVID diagnosis was a diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (OR: 29.9; 95% CI: 14.2–63.2) and lung diseases (35.1; 15.0–82.5). We observed a similar association when we removed the last year before diagnosis from analysis and overall, in the years < 1, ≥ 1–3, and ≥ 3–5 before diagnosis, although the absolute number of exposures was small. Twenty-eight specific diseases displayed an at least 3-fold risk of subsequent CVID diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Targeted screening for antibody deficiency in patients diagnosed with specific diseases associated with CVID may lead to earlier CVID diagnosis and treatment and thereby potentially reduced morbidity and mortality. PurposeDelayed diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) remains a serious problem. We investigated whether some diseases diagnosed during out-patient visits or admission to hospitals could act as indicator conditions for CVID diagnosis.MethodsIn this nested case–control study, we identified 128 cases diagnosed with CVID in Denmark (1999–2013) and 640 age-, gender-, and region-matched controls. We obtained data on diseases diagnosed at hospitals in the five years before CVID diagnosis from The National Hospital Registry. We grouped hospital diagnoses in 33 major disease categories and 210 subcategories. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate associations between disease exposure and subsequent CVID.ResultsDuring the five years preceding a CVID diagnosis, cases had four times as many hospital contacts as the controls (p < 0.001). A diagnosis in 18 major disease categories showed a significant OR for subsequent diagnosis of CVID. The most substantial association with a subsequent CVID diagnosis was a diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (OR: 29.9; 95% CI: 14.2–63.2) and lung diseases (35.1; 15.0–82.5). We observed a similar association when we removed the last year before diagnosis from analysis and overall, in the years < 1, ≥ 1–3, and ≥ 3–5 before diagnosis, although the absolute number of exposures was small. Twenty-eight specific diseases displayed an at least 3-fold risk of subsequent CVID diagnosis.ConclusionTargeted screening for antibody deficiency in patients diagnosed with specific diseases associated with CVID may lead to earlier CVID diagnosis and treatment and thereby potentially reduced morbidity and mortality. Delayed diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) remains a serious problem. We investigated whether some diseases diagnosed during out-patient visits or admission to hospitals could act as indicator conditions for CVID diagnosis.PURPOSEDelayed diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) remains a serious problem. We investigated whether some diseases diagnosed during out-patient visits or admission to hospitals could act as indicator conditions for CVID diagnosis.In this nested case-control study, we identified 128 cases diagnosed with CVID in Denmark (1999-2013) and 640 age-, gender-, and region-matched controls. We obtained data on diseases diagnosed at hospitals in the five years before CVID diagnosis from The National Hospital Registry. We grouped hospital diagnoses in 33 major disease categories and 210 subcategories. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate associations between disease exposure and subsequent CVID.METHODSIn this nested case-control study, we identified 128 cases diagnosed with CVID in Denmark (1999-2013) and 640 age-, gender-, and region-matched controls. We obtained data on diseases diagnosed at hospitals in the five years before CVID diagnosis from The National Hospital Registry. We grouped hospital diagnoses in 33 major disease categories and 210 subcategories. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate associations between disease exposure and subsequent CVID.During the five years preceding a CVID diagnosis, cases had four times as many hospital contacts as the controls (p < 0.001). A diagnosis in 18 major disease categories showed a significant OR for subsequent diagnosis of CVID. The most substantial association with a subsequent CVID diagnosis was a diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (OR: 29.9; 95% CI: 14.2-63.2) and lung diseases (35.1; 15.0-82.5). We observed a similar association when we removed the last year before diagnosis from analysis and overall, in the years < 1, ≥ 1-3, and ≥ 3-5 before diagnosis, although the absolute number of exposures was small. Twenty-eight specific diseases displayed an at least 3-fold risk of subsequent CVID diagnosis.RESULTSDuring the five years preceding a CVID diagnosis, cases had four times as many hospital contacts as the controls (p < 0.001). A diagnosis in 18 major disease categories showed a significant OR for subsequent diagnosis of CVID. The most substantial association with a subsequent CVID diagnosis was a diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (OR: 29.9; 95% CI: 14.2-63.2) and lung diseases (35.1; 15.0-82.5). We observed a similar association when we removed the last year before diagnosis from analysis and overall, in the years < 1, ≥ 1-3, and ≥ 3-5 before diagnosis, although the absolute number of exposures was small. Twenty-eight specific diseases displayed an at least 3-fold risk of subsequent CVID diagnosis.Targeted screening for antibody deficiency in patients diagnosed with specific diseases associated with CVID may lead to earlier CVID diagnosis and treatment and thereby potentially reduced morbidity and mortality.CONCLUSIONTargeted screening for antibody deficiency in patients diagnosed with specific diseases associated with CVID may lead to earlier CVID diagnosis and treatment and thereby potentially reduced morbidity and mortality. Purpose Delayed diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) remains a serious problem. We investigated whether some diseases diagnosed during out-patient visits or admission to hospitals could act as indicator conditions for CVID diagnosis. Methods In this nested case–control study, we identified 128 cases diagnosed with CVID in Denmark (1999–2013) and 640 age-, gender-, and region-matched controls. We obtained data on diseases diagnosed at hospitals in the five years before CVID diagnosis from The National Hospital Registry. We grouped hospital diagnoses in 33 major disease categories and 210 subcategories. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate associations between disease exposure and subsequent CVID. Results During the five years preceding a CVID diagnosis, cases had four times as many hospital contacts as the controls ( p < 0.001). A diagnosis in 18 major disease categories showed a significant OR for subsequent diagnosis of CVID. The most substantial association with a subsequent CVID diagnosis was a diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (OR: 29.9; 95% CI: 14.2–63.2) and lung diseases (35.1; 15.0–82.5). We observed a similar association when we removed the last year before diagnosis from analysis and overall, in the years < 1, ≥ 1–3, and ≥ 3–5 before diagnosis, although the absolute number of exposures was small. Twenty-eight specific diseases displayed an at least 3-fold risk of subsequent CVID diagnosis. Conclusion Targeted screening for antibody deficiency in patients diagnosed with specific diseases associated with CVID may lead to earlier CVID diagnosis and treatment and thereby potentially reduced morbidity and mortality. |
| Author | Johansen, Isik S. Katzenstein, Terese L. Ilkjær, Frederik V. Westh, Lena Dahl, Christina Nielsen, Thyge L. Rasmussen, Line D. Larsen, Carsten S. Petersen, Inge Hansen, Ann-Brit E. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Christina orcidid: 0009-0002-0086-7563 surname: Dahl fullname: Dahl, Christina email: ch-cd@hotmail.dk organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital – sequence: 2 givenname: Inge surname: Petersen fullname: Petersen, Inge organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital – sequence: 3 givenname: Frederik V. surname: Ilkjær fullname: Ilkjær, Frederik V. organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital – sequence: 4 givenname: Lena surname: Westh fullname: Westh, Lena organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital – sequence: 5 givenname: Terese L. surname: Katzenstein fullname: Katzenstein, Terese L. organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital – sequence: 6 givenname: Ann-Brit E. surname: Hansen fullname: Hansen, Ann-Brit E. organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital – sequence: 7 givenname: Thyge L. surname: Nielsen fullname: Nielsen, Thyge L. organization: Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, North Zealand Hospital – sequence: 8 givenname: Carsten S. surname: Larsen fullname: Larsen, Carsten S. organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, International Center of Immunodeficiency Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital – sequence: 9 givenname: Isik S. surname: Johansen fullname: Johansen, Isik S. organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital – sequence: 10 givenname: Line D. surname: Rasmussen fullname: Rasmussen, Line D. organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37770805$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaci_2025_02_032 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10875_024_01746_1 |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
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