How do we best synergize climate mitigation actions to co‐benefit biodiversity?

A multitude of actions to protect, sustainably manage and restore natural and modified ecosystems can have co‐benefits for both climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation. Reducing greenhouse emissions to limit warming to less than 1.5 or 2°C above preindustrial levels, as outlined in the Pari...

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Vydáno v:	Global change biology Ročník 28; číslo 8; s. 2555 - 2577
Hlavní autoři:	Smith, Pete, Arneth, Almut, Barnes, David K. A., Ichii, Kazuhito, Marquet, Pablo A., Popp, Alexander, Pörtner, Hans‐Otto, Rogers, Alex D., Scholes, Robert J., Strassburg, Bernardo, Wu, Jianguo, Ngo, Hien
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.04.2022
Témata:	Biodiversity biodiversity conservation Biological Sciences Carbon Climate Climate action Climate Change Climate change mitigation Conservation of Natural Resources - methods co‐benefits ecological restoration Ecosystem Ecosystems Emissions Emissions control Environmental changes Environmental restoration Freshwater global change Greenhouse gases greenhouses Habitats Inland water environment Marine ecosystems Mitigation Natural environment nature‐based solutions Paris Agreement Strategic management Synergism trade‐offs United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Wildlife conservation co-benefits biodiversity trade-offs climate change mitigation nature-based solutions
ISSN:	1354-1013, 1365-2486, 1365-2486
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Shrnutí:	A multitude of actions to protect, sustainably manage and restore natural and modified ecosystems can have co‐benefits for both climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation. Reducing greenhouse emissions to limit warming to less than 1.5 or 2°C above preindustrial levels, as outlined in the Paris Agreement, can yield strong co‐benefits for land, freshwater and marine biodiversity and reduce amplifying climate feedbacks from ecosystem changes. Not all climate mitigation strategies are equally effective at producing biodiversity co‐benefits, some in fact are counterproductive. Moreover, social implications are often overlooked within the climate‐biodiversity nexus. Protecting biodiverse and carbon‐rich natural environments, ecological restoration of potentially biodiverse and carbon‐rich habitats, the deliberate creation of novel habitats, taking into consideration a locally adapted and meaningful (i.e. full consequences considered) mix of these measures, can result in the most robust win‐win solutions. These can be further enhanced by avoidance of narrow goals, taking long‐term views and minimizing further losses of intact ecosystems. In this review paper, we first discuss various climate mitigation actions that evidence demonstrates can negatively impact biodiversity, resulting in unseen and unintended negative consequences. We then examine climate mitigation actions that co‐deliver biodiversity and societal benefits. We give examples of these win‐win solutions, categorized as ‘protect, restore, manage and create’, in different regions of the world that could be expanded, upscaled and used for further innovation. A multitude of actions to protect, sustainably manage and restore natural and modified ecosystems can have co‐benefits for both climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation. Reducing greenhouse emissions to limit warming to less than 1.5 or 2°C above preindustrial levels, as outlined in the Paris Agreement, can yield strong co‐benefits for land, freshwater and marine biodiversity and reduce amplifying climate feedbacks from ecosystem changes. Not all climate mitigation strategies are equally effective at producing biodiversity co‐benefits, some are counterproductive. We examine climate mitigation actions that co‐deliver biodiversity and societal benefits that could be expanded, upscaled and used for further innovation.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1354-1013 1365-2486 1365-2486
DOI:	10.1111/gcb.16056