COVID-19 in Health-Care Workers: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes

Health-care workers (HCWs) are at the frontline of response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), being at a higher risk of acquiring the disease and, subsequently, exposing patients and others. Searches of 8 bibliographic databases were performed to systematically review the evidence on the preva...

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Published in:American journal of epidemiology Vol. 190; no. 1; p. 161
Main Authors: Gómez-Ochoa, Sergio Alejandro, Franco, Oscar H, Rojas, Lyda Z, Raguindin, Peter Francis, Roa-Díaz, Zayne Milena, Wyssmann, Beatrice Minder, Guevara, Sandra Lucrecia Romero, Echeverría, Luis Eduardo, Glisic, Marija, Muka, Taulant
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 04.01.2021
Subjects:
COVID-19 - epidemiology
Global Health
Health Personnel - statistics & numerical data
Humans
Prevalence
Risk Factors
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
health-care workers
SARS-CoV-2
2019-nCoV
medical workers
ISSN:1476-6256, 1476-6256
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Health-care workers (HCWs) are at the frontline of response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), being at a higher risk of acquiring the disease and, subsequently, exposing patients and others. Searches of 8 bibliographic databases were performed to systematically review the evidence on the prevalence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among HCWs. A total of 97 studies (all published in 2020) met the inclusion criteria. The estimated prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection from HCWs' samples, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the presence of antibodies, was 11% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7, 15) and 7% (95% CI: 4, 11), respectively. The most frequently affected personnel were nurses (48%, 95% CI: 41, 56), whereas most of the COVID-19-positive medical personnel were working in hospital nonemergency wards during screening (43%, 95% CI: 28, 59). Anosmia, fever, and myalgia were the only symptoms associated with HCW SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Among HCWs positive for COVID-19 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, 40% (95% CI: 17, 65) were asymptomatic at time of diagnosis. Finally, severe clinical complications developed in 5% (95% CI: 3, 8) of the COVID-19-positive HCWs, and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.02, 1.3) died. Health-care workers suffer a significant burden from COVID-19, with those working in hospital nonemergency wards and nurses being the most commonly infected personnel.
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ISSN:1476-6256
1476-6256
DOI:10.1093/aje/kwaa191