Understanding the application of handwritten text recognition technology in heritage contexts: a systematic review of Transkribus in published research

Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) technology is now a mature machine learning tool, becoming integrated in the digitisation processes of libraries and archives, speeding up the transcription of primary sources and facilitating full text searching and analysis of historic texts at scale. However, re...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Archival science Vol. 22; no. 3; pp. 367 - 392
Main Authors:	Nockels, Joe, Gooding, Paul, Ames, Sarah, Terras, Melissa
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.09.2022 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Acknowledgment Anthropology Antiquarian materials Archival studies Archives & records Artificial intelligence Classification Computer Appl. in Arts and Humanities Computer science Cultural and Media Studies Cultural Heritage Digitization Handwriting Handwriting recognition Humanities Information Storage and Retrieval Libraries Library Science Literature Literature reviews Machine learning Original Paper Recognition Scientific papers Systematic review Technology Tutorials Handwritten text recognition Digitisation Artificial intelligence Digital library Systematic literature review Transkribus
ISSN:	1389-0166, 1573-7500, 1573-7500, 1573-7519
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Abstract	Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) technology is now a mature machine learning tool, becoming integrated in the digitisation processes of libraries and archives, speeding up the transcription of primary sources and facilitating full text searching and analysis of historic texts at scale. However, research into how HTR is changing our information environment is scant. This paper presents a systematic literature review regarding how researchers are using one particular HTR platform, Transkribus, to indicate the domains where HTR is applied, the approach taken, and how the technology is understood. 381 papers from 2015 to 2020 were gathered from Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, then grouped and coded into categories using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Published research that mentions Transkribus is international and rapidly growing. Transkribus features primarily in archival and library science publications, while a long tail of broad and eclectic disciplines, including history, computer science, citizen science, law and education, demonstrate the wider applicability of the tool. The most common paper categories were humanities applications (67%), technological (25%), users (5%) and tutorials (3%) . This paper presents the first overarching review of HTR as featured in published research, while also elucidating how HTR is affecting the information environment.
AbstractList	Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) technology is now a mature machine learning tool, becoming integrated in the digitisation processes of libraries and archives, speeding up the transcription of primary sources and facilitating full text searching and analysis of historic texts at scale. However, research into how HTR is changing our information environment is scant. This paper presents a systematic literature review regarding how researchers are using one particular HTR platform, Transkribus, to indicate the domains where HTR is applied, the approach taken, and how the technology is understood. 381 papers from 2015 to 2020 were gathered from Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, then grouped and coded into categories using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Published research that mentions Transkribus is international and rapidly growing. Transkribus features primarily in archival and library science publications, while a long tail of broad and eclectic disciplines, including history, computer science, citizen science, law and education, demonstrate the wider applicability of the tool. The most common paper categories were humanities applications (67%), technological (25%), users (5%) and tutorials (3%) . This paper presents the first overarching review of HTR as featured in published research, while also elucidating how HTR is affecting the information environment. Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) technology is now a mature machine learning tool, becoming integrated in the digitisation processes of libraries and archives, speeding up the transcription of primary sources and facilitating full text searching and analysis of historic texts at scale. However, research into how HTR is changing our information environment is scant. This paper presents a systematic literature review regarding how researchers are using one particular HTR platform, Transkribus, to indicate the domains where HTR is applied, the approach taken, and how the technology is understood. 381 papers from 2015 to 2020 were gathered from Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, then grouped and coded into categories using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Published research that mentions Transkribus is international and rapidly growing. Transkribus features primarily in archival and library science publications, while a long tail of broad and eclectic disciplines, including history, computer science, citizen science, law and education, demonstrate the wider applicability of the tool. The most common paper categories were humanities applications (67%), technological (25%), users (5%) and tutorials (3%). This paper presents the first overarching review of HTR as featured in published research, while also elucidating how HTR is affecting the information environment.Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) technology is now a mature machine learning tool, becoming integrated in the digitisation processes of libraries and archives, speeding up the transcription of primary sources and facilitating full text searching and analysis of historic texts at scale. However, research into how HTR is changing our information environment is scant. This paper presents a systematic literature review regarding how researchers are using one particular HTR platform, Transkribus, to indicate the domains where HTR is applied, the approach taken, and how the technology is understood. 381 papers from 2015 to 2020 were gathered from Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, then grouped and coded into categories using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Published research that mentions Transkribus is international and rapidly growing. Transkribus features primarily in archival and library science publications, while a long tail of broad and eclectic disciplines, including history, computer science, citizen science, law and education, demonstrate the wider applicability of the tool. The most common paper categories were humanities applications (67%), technological (25%), users (5%) and tutorials (3%). This paper presents the first overarching review of HTR as featured in published research, while also elucidating how HTR is affecting the information environment. Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) technology is now a mature machine learning tool, becoming integrated in the digitisation processes of libraries and archives, speeding up the transcription of primary sources and facilitating full text searching and analysis of historic texts at scale. However, research into how HTR is changing our information environment is scant. This paper presents a systematic literature review regarding how researchers are using one particular HTR platform, Transkribus, to indicate the domains where HTR is applied, the approach taken, and how the technology is understood. 381 papers from 2015 to 2020 were gathered from Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, then grouped and coded into categories using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Published research that mentions Transkribus is international and rapidly growing. Transkribus features primarily in archival and library science publications, while a long tail of broad and eclectic disciplines, including history, computer science, citizen science, law and education, demonstrate the wider applicability of the tool. The most common paper categories were humanities applications (67%), technological (25%), users (5%) and tutorials (3%). This paper presents the first overarching review of HTR as featured in published research, while also elucidating how HTR is affecting the information environment.
Author	Gooding, Paul Nockels, Joe Terras, Melissa Ames, Sarah
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Joe orcidid: 0000-0002-4577-6596 surname: Nockels fullname: Nockels, Joe email: J.H.Nockels@sms.ed.ac.uk organization: School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures, University of Edinburgh – sequence: 2 givenname: Paul orcidid: 0000-0003-1044-509X surname: Gooding fullname: Gooding, Paul organization: Information Studies, College of Arts, University of Glasgow – sequence: 3 givenname: Sarah orcidid: 0000-0002-0118-189X surname: Ames fullname: Ames, Sarah organization: National Library of Scotland – sequence: 4 givenname: Melissa orcidid: 0000-0001-6496-3197 surname: Terras fullname: Terras, Melissa organization: College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Edinburgh
BookMark	eNp9kU1vFSEYhYmpsR_6B1yRuHEz-jLMFy5MTONX0sRNuyYMvMxQ58IVuG3vL_HvyvQ2GrvoggB5n3M45JySIx88EvKawTsG0L9PDFqoK6jLElz0FTwjJ6ztedW3AEflzAdRAeu6Y3Ka0jWUIxvEC3LMCwTQ8RPy-8objCkrb5yfaJ6Rqu12cVplFzwNls5ldBtdzuhpxrtMI-oweXc_z6hnH5Yw7anzdMbCqQmpDn5F0weqaNqnjJtip4vyxuHtanoZlU8_oxt3aRVud-Pi0oymIAlV1PNL8tyqJeGrh_2MXH35fHn-rbr48fX7-aeLSjcty1Vjus7admyxHTvshBXWMMFHUS52MAoU8HZsGj4wY40eleqbpjYN9ko1zFp-Rj4efEuEDRqNPke1yG10GxX3Mign_594N8sp3EhRQ8uarhi8fTCI4dcOU5YblzQui_IYdknWXS96ANEPBX3zCL0Ou-jL9wolBs7rGlaqPlA6hpQi2r9hGMi1d3noXZbe5X3vEopoeCTSpYm1ohLaLU9L-UGayjt-wvgv1ROqP6xEyKM
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_3390_heritage7020038 crossref_primary_10_4000_12s01 crossref_primary_10_1080_01615440_2025_2500309 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42803_023_00068_9 crossref_primary_10_1093_llc_fqae018 crossref_primary_10_1515_bfp_2023_0021 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_025_20615_6 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42803_024_00091_4 crossref_primary_10_3390_heritage7090218 crossref_primary_10_1177_09610006251342825 crossref_primary_10_3390_rel15101247 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10032_025_00524_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s00146_025_02194_0 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00146_025_02229_6 crossref_primary_10_1080_20548923_2025_2484828 crossref_primary_10_1108_CC_01_2023_0002 crossref_primary_10_3390_jimaging10010018 crossref_primary_10_1080_20549547_2025_2523728 crossref_primary_10_1108_LHTN_01_2025_0020 crossref_primary_10_5334_johd_345 crossref_primary_10_1108_JD_09_2023_0183 crossref_primary_10_3390_jimaging10110272
Cites_doi	10.17723/aarc.76.2.lh76217m2m376n28 10.1108/00220411211256021 10.7551/mitpress/11404.001.0001 10.1109/ICFHR-2018.2018.00098 10.1525/tph.2004.26.1.1 10.1353/emw.2018.0056 10.1108/JD-07-2018-0114 10.1016/j.patcog.2019.05.025 10.1145/3178876.3186136 10.1108/JD-03-2012-0027 10.1109/DAS.2018.15 10.5250/femigermstud.36.1.0054 10.1371/journal.pone.0238372 10.4135/9781452230153 10.1108/00220410910970267 10.11647/OBP.0095.09 10.29085/9781783303588 10.1353/bh.2017.0006 10.1109/DAS.2018.38 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190215491.001.0001 10.1007/978-981-13-5802-9_59 10.18420/infdh2018-13 10.4135/9781412983488
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	The Author(s) 2022 The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. The Author(s) 2022.
Copyright_xml	– notice: The Author(s) 2022 – notice: The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: The Author(s) 2022.
DBID	C6C AAYXX CITATION 3V. 7WY 7WZ 7XB 87Z 8FE 8FG 8FK 8FL 8G5 8XN ABUWG AFKRA ALSLI ARAPS AZQEC BENPR BEZIV BGLVJ CCPQU CNYFK DWQXO E3H F2A FRNLG F~G GNUQQ GUQSH HCIFZ K60 K6~ L.- M0C M1O M2O MBDVC P5Z P62 PADUT PHGZM PHGZT PKEHL PQBIZ PQBZA PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PRQQA PYYUZ Q9U 7X8 5PM
DOI	10.1007/s10502-022-09397-0
DatabaseName	Springer Nature Link CrossRef ProQuest Central (Corporate) ABI/INFORM Collection ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only) ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) ABI/INFORM Collection ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni) Research Library (Alumni) International Bibliography of Art (IBA) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central Social Science Premium Collection Advanced Technologies & Computer Science Collection ProQuest Central Essentials - QC ProQuest Central Business Premium Collection ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest One Community College Library & Information Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Library & Information Sciences Abstracts (LISA) Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) Business Premium Collection (Alumni) ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate) ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Research Library SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Business Collection ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced ABI/INFORM Global Library Science Database ProQuest Research Library Research Library (Corporate) Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Research Library China ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Business ProQuest One Business (Alumni) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China ProQuest One Social Sciences ABI/INFORM Collection China ProQuest Central Basic MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate) ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Business Research Library Prep ProQuest Central Student Technology Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College Research Library (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central China ABI/INFORM Complete ProQuest Central ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest Library Science ProQuest Central Korea Library & Information Science Collection ProQuest Research Library Research Library China ProQuest Central (New) ABI/INFORM Complete (Alumni Edition) Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Business Premium Collection Social Science Premium Collection ABI/INFORM Global ProQuest One Social Sciences ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ABI/INFORM China ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Business Collection Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Business (Alumni) International Bibliography of Art (IBA) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) Business Premium Collection (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList	CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	History & Archaeology Library & Information Science Anthropology Computer Science
EISSN	1573-7500 1573-7519
EndPage	392
ExternalDocumentID	PMC9205146 10_1007_s10502_022_09397_0
GrantInformation_xml	– fundername: scottish graduate school for arts and humanities (sgsah) grantid: AH/R012717/1 – fundername: ; grantid: AH/R012717/1
GroupedDBID	-5C -5G -BR -EM -Y2 -~C .4I .86 .VR 06D 0R~ 0VY 199 1N0 1SB 203 23M 2J2 2JN 2JY 2KG 2KM 2LR 2P1 30V 3V. 4.4 406 408 409 40D 40E 5GY 5VS 67Z 6NX 77K 78A 7WY 8FE 8FG 8FL 8FW 8G5 8UJ 95- 95. 95~ 96X AAAVM AABHQ AACDK AAHNG AAIAL AAJBT AAJKR AANZL AARHV AARTL AASML AATNV AAUYE AAYIU AAYQN AAYZH ABAKF ABDZT ABECU ABFTV ABHLI ABHQN ABJOX ABKCH ABKTR ABMNI ABMQK ABNWP ABQBU ABQSL ABSXP ABTEG ABTHY ABTKH ABTMW ABULA ABUWG ABWNU ABXPI ACAOD ACDTI ACGFS ACHSB ACHXU ACKNC ACMDZ ACMLO ACOKC ACPIV ACZOJ ADHHG ADHIR ADKNI ADKPE ADPHR ADRFC ADTPH ADURQ ADYFF ADZKW AEBTG AEFQL AEGNC AEJHL AEJRE AEKMD AEMSY AEOHA AEPYU AESKC AETLH AEVLU AEXYK AFBBN AFEXP AFFNX AFKRA AFLOW AFQWF AFWTZ AFZKB AGDGC AGJBK AGMZJ AGQEE AGQMX AGRTI AGWIL AGWZB AGYKE AHAVH AHSBF AHYZX AIAKS AIGIU AIIXL AILAN AITGF AJBLW AJRNO AJZVZ ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALSLI ALWAN AMKLP AMXSW AMYLF AMYQR AOCGG ARAPS ARMRJ ASPBG AVWKF AXYYD AYQZM AZFZN AZQEC B-. BA0 BDATZ BENPR BEZIV BGLVJ BGNMA BPHCQ BSONS C6C CAG CCPQU CNYFK COF CS3 CSCUP DDRTE DL5 DNIVK DPUIP DWQXO EBLON EBS EIOEI EJD ELW ESBYG FEDTE FERAY FFXSO FIGPU FINBP FNLPD FRNLG FRRFC FSGXE FWDCC GGCAI GGRSB GJIRD GNUQQ GNWQR GQ6 GQ8 GROUPED_ABI_INFORM_COMPLETE GROUPED_ABI_INFORM_RESEARCH GUQSH GXS H13 HCIFZ HF~ HG5 HG6 HLICF HMJXF HQYDN HRMNR HVGLF HZ~ I09 IHE IKXTQ ITM IWAJR IXC IZIGR IZQ I~X I~Z J-C J0Z JBSCW JCJTX JZLTJ K60 K6~ KDC KOV LAK LLZTM M0C M1O M2O M4Y MA- N2Q NB0 NPVJJ NQJWS NU0 O9- O93 O9G OVD P62 P9Q PADUT PF0 PQBIZ PQBZA PQQKQ PROAC PT4 Q2X QOS R9I RNI ROL RPX RSV RZC RZD S16 S1Z S27 S3B SAP SDH SDM SHS SHX SISQX SJYHP SNE SNPRN SNX SOHCF SOJ SPISZ SRMVM SSLCW STPWE SZN T13 TEORI TSG TSK TSV TUC U2A UG4 UOJIU UTJUX UZXMN VC2 VFIZW W23 W48 WK8 YLTOR Z45 Z81 ZMTXR ~A9 77I AAPKM AAYXX ABBRH ABDBE ABFSG ABRTQ ACSTC ADHKG AEZWR AFDZB AFFHD AFHIU AFOHR AGQPQ AHPBZ AHWEU AIXLP ATHPR AYFIA CITATION PHGZM PHGZT PQGLB PRQQA 7XB 8FK 8XN E3H F2A L.- MBDVC PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS Q9U 7X8 5PM
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-4d66ff5b5e5b6e69f9fd193b96e6f8da0a035b44381dfdcbaa7442d4e7aa41ff3
IEDL.DBID	RSV
ISICitedReferencesCount	25
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000812448900001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	1389-0166 1573-7500
IngestDate	Tue Nov 04 01:56:31 EST 2025 Thu Nov 20 07:44:51 EST 2025 Sat Nov 15 15:51:44 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:50:00 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 02:43:51 EST 2025 Fri Feb 21 02:45:01 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	true
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	3
Keywords	Handwritten text recognition Digitisation Artificial intelligence Digital library Systematic literature review Transkribus
Language	English
License	Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c451t-4d66ff5b5e5b6e69f9fd193b96e6f8da0a035b44381dfdcbaa7442d4e7aa41ff3
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ORCID	0000-0002-4577-6596 0000-0002-0118-189X 0000-0003-1044-509X 0000-0001-6496-3197
OpenAccessLink	https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10502-022-09397-0
PMID	35730063
PQID	2698332208
PQPubID	26061
PageCount	26
ParticipantIDs	pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9205146 proquest_miscellaneous_2679700978 proquest_journals_2698332208 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10502_022_09397_0 crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s10502_022_09397_0 springer_journals_10_1007_s10502_022_09397_0
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2022-09-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2022-09-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 09 year: 2022 text: 2022-09-01 day: 01
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	Dordrecht
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: Dordrecht
PublicationSubtitle	International Journal on Recorded Information
PublicationTitle	Archival science
PublicationTitleAbbrev	Arch Sci
PublicationYear	2022
Publisher	Springer Netherlands Springer Nature B.V
Publisher_xml	– name: Springer Netherlands – name: Springer Nature B.V
References	READ (2021a) READ official website. https://readcoop.eu. Accessed 1 Jan 2021a Chen J, Riba P, Fornés A, Mas J, Lladós J, Pujadas-Mora J M (2018) Word-hunter: a gamesourcing experience to validate the transcription of historical manuscripts. Paper presented at International conference on frontiers in handwriting recognition (ICFHR). IEEE, Niagara Falls, 5–8 Aug 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFHR-2018.2018.00098 DriskoJWMaschiTContent analysis2015LondonOxford University Press10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190215491.001.0001 FlowerdewJSome thoughts on English for Research Publication Purposes (ERPP) and related issues2013CambridgeCambridge University Press AndersonIAre you being served? Historians and the search for primary sourcesArchivaria20045881129 Edwards JA (2007) Easily adaptable handwriting recognition in historical manuscripts. PhD Thesis, University of California Berkeley Chammas E, Mokbel C, Likforman-Sulem L (2018) Handwriting recognition of historical documents with few labelled data. Paper presented at IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems (DAS), Vienna, Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/DAS.2018.15 READ (2020b) Transkribus how to guide. https://transkribus.eu/resources/images/7/77/How_to_use_TRANSKRIBUS_-_10_steps.pdf. Accessed 2 Nov 2020b Google Scholar (2004) Google Scholar home page. https://scholar.google.co.uk/. Accessed 1 Sept 2020 WeberRBasic content analysis1990Beverly HillsSage10.4135/9781412983488 BerelsonBContent analysis in communication research1952GlencoeThe Free Press Christlein V, Nicolaou A, Schlauwitz T, Späth S, Herbers K, Maier A (2018) Handwritten text recognition error rate reduction in historical documents using naive transcribers. Paper presented at Gesellschaft für Informatik NF-DH-2018, University of Bonn, Bonn, 2018. https://doi.org/10.18420/infdh2018-13 CharmazKConstructing grounded theory: a practical guide through qualitative analysis. Introducing qualitative methods series2006LondonSage Grüning T (2018) READ-BAD: a new dataset and evaluation scheme for baseline detection in archival documents. Paper presented at 13th IAPR international workshop on document analysis systems (DAS), IEEE, Vienna, April, 2018. arXiv:1705.03311 Miloni N (2020) Automatic transcription of historical documents: Transkribus as a tool for libraries, archives and scholars. PhD Thesis, Uppsala University LarocheRLeongEMunroeJNunnHMSmithLTignerALBecoming visible: recipes in the makingEarly Mod Women2018113314310.1353/emw.2018.0056 Web of Science (2020). https://apps.webofknowledge.com/. Accessed 6 Dec 2020 Chambers S (2019) Library Labs as experimental incubators for digital humanities research. Paper presented at 23rd International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries, University of Oslo, 2019. https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8645483. Accessed 6 Apr 2022 Lindemann D, Khemakhem M, Laurent R (2018) Retro-digitizing and automatically structuring a large bibliography collection. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01941534/document. Accessed 15 Jan 2021 WilliamsSATerrasMWarwickCWhat people study when they study Twitter: classifying Twitter related academic papersJ Doc201369101210.1108/JD-03-2012-0027 ChassanoffAHistorians and the use of primary source materials in the digital ageAm Arch20137645848010.17723/aarc.76.2.lh76217m2m376n28 OCLC Research (2015) Making archival and special collections more accessible. OCLC Research, Dublin, Ohio van LitLWCAmong digitized manuscripts. Philology, codicology, palaeography in a digital world2019LeidenBrill SanchezJARomeroVToselliAHVillegasMVidalEA set of benchmarks for HTR on historical documentsPattern Recognit20169412213410.1016/j.patcog.2019.05.025 SeefeldtDThomasWGIIIWhat is digital history? A look at some exemplar projectsPerspect Hist20099817 Massot M-L, Sforzini A, Ventresque V (2018) Transcrire les fiches de lecture de Michel Foucault avec le logiciel Transkribus: compte rendu des tests, pp 10–20. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01794139v2. Accessed 5 Dec 2020 Prell M (2018) Early modern letters as a challenge automated handwriting recognition. Experience and Results Report on the Transkribus Project. Universitat Jena, Jena Adobe (2021) Adobe Official Website. https://www.adobe.com/uk. Accessed 2 June 2021 RobinsonLInformation science: communication chain and domain analysisJ Doc20096557859110.1108/00220410910970267 van WeijenDPublication languages in the arts & humanitiesRes Trends201332110 READ (2020a) Network - members of READ-COOP SCE. https://readcoop.eu/members/. Accessed 5 Nov 2020a CordellR“Q i-jtb the Raven”: taking dirty OCR seriouslyBook History John Hopkins University Press20172018822510.1353/bh.2017.0006 KadenBKleinebergMScholarly makerspaces—an interim report on the DFG Project FuReSHLIBREAS Lib Ideas Neutral201935110 Digimap (2020) Digimap Official Website. https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/. Accessed 25 Nov 2020 SchomakerLFischerALiwickiMIngoldRLifelong learning for text retrieval and recognition in historical handwritten document collectionsHandwritten historical document analysis, recognition and retrieval—state of the art and future trends2020LondonWorld Scientific221248 BlankeTBryantMHedgesMOpen source optical character recognition for historical researchJ Doc201268565968310.1108/00220411211256021 DuffWCraigBCherryJHistorians’ use of archival sources: promises and pitfalls of the digital agePublic Hist20042611010.1525/tph.2004.26.1.1 RomeinACKemmanMBirkholzJMBakerJde GruijterMMeroñoPARiesTRosRScagliolaSState of the field: digital historyJ Hist Assoc2020105291312 Tesseract (2021). https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tesseract. Accessed 6 Dec 2021 BieńJSThe Parkosz Treaty Experimental electronic edition. Linguistics Series2019PoznańPolish Studies2769 GoodingPHistorical newspapers in the digital age: search all about it!2018LondonRoutledge National Library of Scotland (2020) Reaching people: library strategy (2020–2025). https://www.nls.uk/strategy/text-version. Accessed 15 Jan 2021 SagarBSridharVPadmaMRadhakrishnaRKCharacter recognition on palm-leaf manuscripts—a surveyEmerging research in electronics, computer science and technology2019SingaporeSpringer66968510.1007/978-981-13-5802-9_59 MeeksDDavisVLabouryDThe significance of medium in palaeographic studyThe Oxford handbook of Egyptian epigraphy and palaeography2020OxfordOxford University Press112 SanchezJARomeroVToselliAHVidalEMagnerVPalUAntonacopoulosAHandwritten text recognition competitions with the tranScriptorium datasetDocument analysis and text recognition: benchmarking state-of-the-art systems2018SingaporeWorld Scientific110 Lincoln M (2017) Ways of forgetting: the librarian, the historian, and the machine. In: Padilla T, Allen L, Frost H, Potvin S, Russey RE, Varner S (eds) Always already computational: library collections as data. Institute of Memory and Library Services, National Forum Positional Statements, pp 20–30. https://collectionsasdata.github.io. Accessed 20 Nov 2020 RidgeMSchusterKDunnSCrowdsourcing in cultural heritage; a practical guide to designing and running successful projectsRoutledge international handbook of research methods in digital humanities2020AbingdonRoutledge461480 Romein AC (2019) Plakkaten classificeren met de computer? [Blog] Blogs about digital humanities. https://www.kb.nl/blogs/digitale-geesteswetenschappen/plakkaten-classificeren-met-de-computer. Accessed 30 Nov 2020 Ströbel P, Clematide S (2019) Improving OCR of black letter in historical newspapers: the unreasonable effectiveness of HTR models on low-resolution images. Paper presented at Digital Humanities 2019, Zurich, 8–12 July 2019. https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/177164/1/Improving_OCR_of_Black_Letter_in_Historical_Newspapers_The_Unreasonable_Effecti.pdf CorbinJStraussABasics of qualitative research: techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory2008Thousand OaksSage10.4135/9781452230153 FranziniSTerrasMMahonyGPierazzoEDriscollMA catalogue of digital editionsDigital scholarly editing: theories and practices2016CambridgeOpen Book Publishers16118210.11647/OBP.0095.09 NewsRx. Researchers at University College Report New Data on Information Sciences (Transforming scholarship in the archives through handwritten text recognition transkribus as a case study). Information Technology Newsweekly. October 8, 2019, p 679. WengerECommunities of practice: learning, meaning, and identity1999CambridgeCambridge University Press BakerKSBergersonASFahnenbruckLParkerDRoersBThe ongoing rewards of collaboration, intermediality, and multivocality in the humanities: reflections on the Multimedia Project Trug&ScheinFeminist Germ Stud201736547010.5250/femigermstud.36.1.0054 KrippendorffKContent analysis: an introduction to its methodology2004LondonSage Malmi E, Gionis A, Solin A (2018) Computationally inferred genealogical networks uncover long-term trends in assortative mating. Paper presented at World Wide Web conference, Lyon, 23 April 2018. https://doi.org/10.1145/3178876.3186136. Monk (2004) Monk wiki. https://www.ai.rug.nl/~lambert/Monk-collections-english.html. Accessed 20 Nov 2020 ImpedovoSImpedovoSIntroductionFundamentals of handwriting recognition1993LondonSpringer110 KnokeDYangSSocial network analysis2011Thousand OaksSage ThylstrupNBThe politics of mass digitization2019CambridgeMIT Press10.7551/mitpress/11404.001.0001 Zotero (2006). https://www.zotero.org/. Accessed 1 Sept 2020 Kraken (2021) Kraken OCR, unleashing the Kraken. https://kraken.rehttps://medium.com/analytics-vidhya/unleashing-the-kraken-for-ocr-fba6bff73c8c. Accessed 5 Mar 2021 Scopus (2004). https://www.scopus.com. Accessed 6 Dec 2021 MuehlbergerGTransforming scholarship in the archives through handwriting text recognition, Transkribus as a case studyJ Doc20197595497610.1108/JD-07-2018-0114 RomeinACVeldhoenSde GruijterMThe datafication of early modern ordinances2020LeidenDH Benelux Ramirez-Castaneda V (2020) Disadvantages in preparing and publishing scientific papers caused by the dominance of the English language in Science: the case of Colombian resea 9397_CR60 9397_CR61 E Benoit III (9397_CR5) 2019 AC Romein (9397_CR53) 2020 9397_CR62 9397_CR21 9397_CR66 9397_CR24 9397_CR26 P Gooding (9397_CR25) 2018 D Seefeldt (9397_CR59) 2009; 98 AC Romein (9397_CR52) 2020; 105 JA Sanchez (9397_CR55) 2016; 94 D Meeks (9397_CR38) 2020 SA Williams (9397_CR69) 2013; 69 R Weber (9397_CR67) 1990 KS Baker (9397_CR4) 2017; 36 9397_CR30 J Flowerdew (9397_CR22) 2013 R Laroche (9397_CR32) 2018; 1 S Franzini (9397_CR23) 2016 9397_CR33 9397_CR34 9397_CR35 9397_CR36 9397_CR37 9397_CR39 W Duff (9397_CR20) 2004; 26 D Knoke (9397_CR29) 2011 B Kaden (9397_CR28) 2019; 35 S Impedovo (9397_CR27) 1993 JS Bień (9397_CR7) 2019 NB Thylstrup (9397_CR63) 2019 I Anderson (9397_CR3) 2004; 58 A Chassanoff (9397_CR13) 2013; 76 9397_CR70 K Krippendorff (9397_CR31) 2004 9397_CR40 B Berelson (9397_CR6) 1952 9397_CR42 9397_CR43 9397_CR44 JW Drisko (9397_CR19) 2015 9397_CR45 9397_CR46 9397_CR47 9397_CR48 L Schomaker (9397_CR57) 2020 D van Weijen (9397_CR65) 2013; 32 K Charmaz (9397_CR12) 2006 J Corbin (9397_CR16) 2008 T Blanke (9397_CR8) 2012; 68 R Cordell (9397_CR17) 2017; 20 9397_CR51 9397_CR1 9397_CR2 9397_CR10 M Ridge (9397_CR49) 2020 9397_CR11 L Robinson (9397_CR50) 2009; 65 9397_CR14 9397_CR58 9397_CR15 9397_CR18 JA Sanchez (9397_CR56) 2018 E Wenger (9397_CR68) 1999 B Sagar (9397_CR54) 2019 LWC van Lit (9397_CR64) 2019 G Muehlberger (9397_CR41) 2019; 75
References_xml	– reference: SanchezJARomeroVToselliAHVidalEMagnerVPalUAntonacopoulosAHandwritten text recognition competitions with the tranScriptorium datasetDocument analysis and text recognition: benchmarking state-of-the-art systems2018SingaporeWorld Scientific110 – reference: Romein AC (2019) Plakkaten classificeren met de computer? [Blog] Blogs about digital humanities. https://www.kb.nl/blogs/digitale-geesteswetenschappen/plakkaten-classificeren-met-de-computer. Accessed 30 Nov 2020 – reference: Massot M-L, Sforzini A, Ventresque V (2018) Transcrire les fiches de lecture de Michel Foucault avec le logiciel Transkribus: compte rendu des tests, pp 10–20. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01794139v2. Accessed 5 Dec 2020 – reference: DuffWCraigBCherryJHistorians’ use of archival sources: promises and pitfalls of the digital agePublic Hist20042611010.1525/tph.2004.26.1.1 – reference: Chen J, Riba P, Fornés A, Mas J, Lladós J, Pujadas-Mora J M (2018) Word-hunter: a gamesourcing experience to validate the transcription of historical manuscripts. Paper presented at International conference on frontiers in handwriting recognition (ICFHR). IEEE, Niagara Falls, 5–8 Aug 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFHR-2018.2018.00098 – reference: FlowerdewJSome thoughts on English for Research Publication Purposes (ERPP) and related issues2013CambridgeCambridge University Press – reference: National Library of Scotland (2020) Reaching people: library strategy (2020–2025). https://www.nls.uk/strategy/text-version. Accessed 15 Jan 2021 – reference: MuehlbergerGTransforming scholarship in the archives through handwriting text recognition, Transkribus as a case studyJ Doc20197595497610.1108/JD-07-2018-0114 – reference: WeberRBasic content analysis1990Beverly HillsSage10.4135/9781412983488 – reference: CorbinJStraussABasics of qualitative research: techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory2008Thousand OaksSage10.4135/9781452230153 – reference: RobinsonLInformation science: communication chain and domain analysisJ Doc20096557859110.1108/00220410910970267 – reference: van WeijenDPublication languages in the arts & humanitiesRes Trends201332110 – reference: BakerKSBergersonASFahnenbruckLParkerDRoersBThe ongoing rewards of collaboration, intermediality, and multivocality in the humanities: reflections on the Multimedia Project Trug&ScheinFeminist Germ Stud201736547010.5250/femigermstud.36.1.0054 – reference: Malmi E, Gionis A, Solin A (2018) Computationally inferred genealogical networks uncover long-term trends in assortative mating. Paper presented at World Wide Web conference, Lyon, 23 April 2018. https://doi.org/10.1145/3178876.3186136. – reference: ChassanoffAHistorians and the use of primary source materials in the digital ageAm Arch20137645848010.17723/aarc.76.2.lh76217m2m376n28 – reference: MeeksDDavisVLabouryDThe significance of medium in palaeographic studyThe Oxford handbook of Egyptian epigraphy and palaeography2020OxfordOxford University Press112 – reference: Adobe (2021) Adobe Official Website. https://www.adobe.com/uk. Accessed 2 June 2021 – reference: BlankeTBryantMHedgesMOpen source optical character recognition for historical researchJ Doc201268565968310.1108/00220411211256021 – reference: CordellR“Q i-jtb the Raven”: taking dirty OCR seriouslyBook History John Hopkins University Press20172018822510.1353/bh.2017.0006 – reference: LarocheRLeongEMunroeJNunnHMSmithLTignerALBecoming visible: recipes in the makingEarly Mod Women2018113314310.1353/emw.2018.0056 – reference: AndersonIAre you being served? Historians and the search for primary sourcesArchivaria20045881129 – reference: Tesseract (2021). https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tesseract. Accessed 6 Dec 2021 – reference: Ströbel P, Clematide S (2019) Improving OCR of black letter in historical newspapers: the unreasonable effectiveness of HTR models on low-resolution images. Paper presented at Digital Humanities 2019, Zurich, 8–12 July 2019. https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/177164/1/Improving_OCR_of_Black_Letter_in_Historical_Newspapers_The_Unreasonable_Effecti.pdf – reference: Christlein V, Nicolaou A, Schlauwitz T, Späth S, Herbers K, Maier A (2018) Handwritten text recognition error rate reduction in historical documents using naive transcribers. Paper presented at Gesellschaft für Informatik NF-DH-2018, University of Bonn, Bonn, 2018. https://doi.org/10.18420/infdh2018-13 – reference: DriskoJWMaschiTContent analysis2015LondonOxford University Press10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190215491.001.0001 – reference: Grüning T (2018) READ-BAD: a new dataset and evaluation scheme for baseline detection in archival documents. Paper presented at 13th IAPR international workshop on document analysis systems (DAS), IEEE, Vienna, April, 2018. arXiv:1705.03311 – reference: OCLC Research (2015) Making archival and special collections more accessible. OCLC Research, Dublin, Ohio – reference: BieńJSThe Parkosz Treaty Experimental electronic edition. Linguistics Series2019PoznańPolish Studies2769 – reference: NewsRx. Researchers at University College Report New Data on Information Sciences (Transforming scholarship in the archives through handwritten text recognition transkribus as a case study). Information Technology Newsweekly. October 8, 2019, p 679. – reference: GoodingPHistorical newspapers in the digital age: search all about it!2018LondonRoutledge – reference: van LitLWCAmong digitized manuscripts. Philology, codicology, palaeography in a digital world2019LeidenBrill – reference: Zotero (2006). https://www.zotero.org/. Accessed 1 Sept 2020 – reference: WilliamsSATerrasMWarwickCWhat people study when they study Twitter: classifying Twitter related academic papersJ Doc201369101210.1108/JD-03-2012-0027 – reference: Ramirez-Castaneda V (2020) Disadvantages in preparing and publishing scientific papers caused by the dominance of the English language in Science: the case of Colombian researchers in biological sciences. Paper presented at PLoS One, Kyoto, 16 Sept 2020. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238372 – reference: SeefeldtDThomasWGIIIWhat is digital history? A look at some exemplar projectsPerspect Hist20099817 – reference: ABBYY (2021) ABBYY Official Website. https://www.abbyy.com. Accessed 2 June 2021 – reference: RomeinACVeldhoenSde GruijterMThe datafication of early modern ordinances2020LeidenDH Benelux – reference: KadenBKleinebergMScholarly makerspaces—an interim report on the DFG Project FuReSHLIBREAS Lib Ideas Neutral201935110 – reference: READ (2020a) Network - members of READ-COOP SCE. https://readcoop.eu/members/. Accessed 5 Nov 2020a – reference: Lindemann D, Khemakhem M, Laurent R (2018) Retro-digitizing and automatically structuring a large bibliography collection. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01941534/document. Accessed 15 Jan 2021 – reference: Digimap (2020) Digimap Official Website. https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/. Accessed 25 Nov 2020 – reference: Lincoln M (2017) Ways of forgetting: the librarian, the historian, and the machine. In: Padilla T, Allen L, Frost H, Potvin S, Russey RE, Varner S (eds) Always already computational: library collections as data. Institute of Memory and Library Services, National Forum Positional Statements, pp 20–30. https://collectionsasdata.github.io. Accessed 20 Nov 2020 – reference: Chambers S (2019) Library Labs as experimental incubators for digital humanities research. Paper presented at 23rd International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries, University of Oslo, 2019. https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8645483. Accessed 6 Apr 2022 – reference: SchomakerLFischerALiwickiMIngoldRLifelong learning for text retrieval and recognition in historical handwritten document collectionsHandwritten historical document analysis, recognition and retrieval—state of the art and future trends2020LondonWorld Scientific221248 – reference: Monk (2004) Monk wiki. https://www.ai.rug.nl/~lambert/Monk-collections-english.html. Accessed 20 Nov 2020 – reference: SanchezJARomeroVToselliAHVillegasMVidalEA set of benchmarks for HTR on historical documentsPattern Recognit20169412213410.1016/j.patcog.2019.05.025 – reference: Edwards JA (2007) Easily adaptable handwriting recognition in historical manuscripts. PhD Thesis, University of California Berkeley – reference: SagarBSridharVPadmaMRadhakrishnaRKCharacter recognition on palm-leaf manuscripts—a surveyEmerging research in electronics, computer science and technology2019SingaporeSpringer66968510.1007/978-981-13-5802-9_59 – reference: Scopus (2004). https://www.scopus.com. Accessed 6 Dec 2021 – reference: Chammas E, Mokbel C, Likforman-Sulem L (2018) Handwriting recognition of historical documents with few labelled data. Paper presented at IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems (DAS), Vienna, Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/DAS.2018.15 – reference: FranziniSTerrasMMahonyGPierazzoEDriscollMA catalogue of digital editionsDigital scholarly editing: theories and practices2016CambridgeOpen Book Publishers16118210.11647/OBP.0095.09 – reference: Google Scholar (2004) Google Scholar home page. https://scholar.google.co.uk/. Accessed 1 Sept 2020 – reference: KnokeDYangSSocial network analysis2011Thousand OaksSage – reference: BenoitEIIIEveleighABenoitEveleighEAChallenges, opportunities and future directions of participatory archivesParticipatory archives: theory and practice2019LondonFacet Publishing20521510.29085/9781783303588 – reference: RidgeMSchusterKDunnSCrowdsourcing in cultural heritage; a practical guide to designing and running successful projectsRoutledge international handbook of research methods in digital humanities2020AbingdonRoutledge461480 – reference: BerelsonBContent analysis in communication research1952GlencoeThe Free Press – reference: READ (2021a) READ official website. https://readcoop.eu. Accessed 1 Jan 2021a – reference: ThylstrupNBThe politics of mass digitization2019CambridgeMIT Press10.7551/mitpress/11404.001.0001 – reference: WengerECommunities of practice: learning, meaning, and identity1999CambridgeCambridge University Press – reference: Prell M (2018) Early modern letters as a challenge automated handwriting recognition. Experience and Results Report on the Transkribus Project. Universitat Jena, Jena – reference: ImpedovoSImpedovoSIntroductionFundamentals of handwriting recognition1993LondonSpringer110 – reference: KrippendorffKContent analysis: an introduction to its methodology2004LondonSage – reference: Web of Science (2020). https://apps.webofknowledge.com/. Accessed 6 Dec 2020 – reference: RomeinACKemmanMBirkholzJMBakerJde GruijterMMeroñoPARiesTRosRScagliolaSState of the field: digital historyJ Hist Assoc2020105291312 – reference: CharmazKConstructing grounded theory: a practical guide through qualitative analysis. Introducing qualitative methods series2006LondonSage – reference: Semantic Scholar (2005). https://www.semanticscholar.org. Accessed 1 Oct 2021 – reference: Kraken (2021) Kraken OCR, unleashing the Kraken. https://kraken.rehttps://medium.com/analytics-vidhya/unleashing-the-kraken-for-ocr-fba6bff73c8c. Accessed 5 Mar 2021 – reference: Miloni N (2020) Automatic transcription of historical documents: Transkribus as a tool for libraries, archives and scholars. PhD Thesis, Uppsala University – reference: READ (2020b) Transkribus how to guide. https://transkribus.eu/resources/images/7/77/How_to_use_TRANSKRIBUS_-_10_steps.pdf. Accessed 2 Nov 2020b – ident: 9397_CR40 – ident: 9397_CR21 – ident: 9397_CR34 – volume: 98 start-page: 1 year: 2009 ident: 9397_CR59 publication-title: Perspect Hist – volume: 76 start-page: 458 year: 2013 ident: 9397_CR13 publication-title: Am Arch doi: 10.17723/aarc.76.2.lh76217m2m376n28 – volume: 68 start-page: 659 issue: 5 year: 2012 ident: 9397_CR8 publication-title: J Doc doi: 10.1108/00220411211256021 – volume-title: The politics of mass digitization year: 2019 ident: 9397_CR63 doi: 10.7551/mitpress/11404.001.0001 – ident: 9397_CR47 – volume-title: The datafication of early modern ordinances year: 2020 ident: 9397_CR53 – ident: 9397_CR24 – ident: 9397_CR60 – ident: 9397_CR14 doi: 10.1109/ICFHR-2018.2018.00098 – volume: 26 start-page: 1 year: 2004 ident: 9397_CR20 publication-title: Public Hist doi: 10.1525/tph.2004.26.1.1 – ident: 9397_CR66 – volume: 1 start-page: 133 year: 2018 ident: 9397_CR32 publication-title: Early Mod Women doi: 10.1353/emw.2018.0056 – volume: 75 start-page: 954 year: 2019 ident: 9397_CR41 publication-title: J Doc doi: 10.1108/JD-07-2018-0114 – volume: 94 start-page: 122 year: 2016 ident: 9397_CR55 publication-title: Pattern Recognit doi: 10.1016/j.patcog.2019.05.025 – volume: 32 start-page: 1 year: 2013 ident: 9397_CR65 publication-title: Res Trends – ident: 9397_CR33 – ident: 9397_CR37 – volume-title: Historical newspapers in the digital age: search all about it! year: 2018 ident: 9397_CR25 – ident: 9397_CR58 – start-page: 1 volume-title: The Oxford handbook of Egyptian epigraphy and palaeography year: 2020 ident: 9397_CR38 – volume: 105 start-page: 291 year: 2020 ident: 9397_CR52 publication-title: J Hist Assoc – ident: 9397_CR51 – ident: 9397_CR30 – start-page: 27 volume-title: The Parkosz Treaty Experimental electronic edition. Linguistics Series year: 2019 ident: 9397_CR7 – volume-title: Communities of practice: learning, meaning, and identity year: 1999 ident: 9397_CR68 – ident: 9397_CR61 – start-page: 221 volume-title: Handwritten historical document analysis, recognition and retrieval—state of the art and future trends year: 2020 ident: 9397_CR57 – ident: 9397_CR36 doi: 10.1145/3178876.3186136 – ident: 9397_CR48 – volume: 69 start-page: 10 year: 2013 ident: 9397_CR69 publication-title: J Doc doi: 10.1108/JD-03-2012-0027 – start-page: 461 volume-title: Routledge international handbook of research methods in digital humanities year: 2020 ident: 9397_CR49 – ident: 9397_CR42 – ident: 9397_CR11 doi: 10.1109/DAS.2018.15 – ident: 9397_CR2 – volume: 36 start-page: 54 year: 2017 ident: 9397_CR4 publication-title: Feminist Germ Stud doi: 10.5250/femigermstud.36.1.0054 – volume-title: Content analysis: an introduction to its methodology year: 2004 ident: 9397_CR31 – ident: 9397_CR44 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238372 – start-page: 1 volume-title: Document analysis and text recognition: benchmarking state-of-the-art systems year: 2018 ident: 9397_CR56 – volume-title: Constructing grounded theory: a practical guide through qualitative analysis. Introducing qualitative methods series year: 2006 ident: 9397_CR12 – ident: 9397_CR10 – volume-title: Content analysis in communication research year: 1952 ident: 9397_CR6 – volume-title: Basics of qualitative research: techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory year: 2008 ident: 9397_CR16 doi: 10.4135/9781452230153 – ident: 9397_CR45 – ident: 9397_CR62 – volume: 65 start-page: 578 year: 2009 ident: 9397_CR50 publication-title: J Doc doi: 10.1108/00220410910970267 – start-page: 161 volume-title: Digital scholarly editing: theories and practices year: 2016 ident: 9397_CR23 doi: 10.11647/OBP.0095.09 – ident: 9397_CR39 – start-page: 205 volume-title: Participatory archives: theory and practice year: 2019 ident: 9397_CR5 doi: 10.29085/9781783303588 – volume: 20 start-page: 188 year: 2017 ident: 9397_CR17 publication-title: Book History John Hopkins University Press doi: 10.1353/bh.2017.0006 – volume: 35 start-page: 1 year: 2019 ident: 9397_CR28 publication-title: LIBREAS Lib Ideas Neutral – ident: 9397_CR18 – ident: 9397_CR43 – ident: 9397_CR1 – volume-title: Social network analysis year: 2011 ident: 9397_CR29 – volume-title: Among digitized manuscripts. Philology, codicology, palaeography in a digital world year: 2019 ident: 9397_CR64 – ident: 9397_CR26 doi: 10.1109/DAS.2018.38 – ident: 9397_CR70 – volume-title: Content analysis year: 2015 ident: 9397_CR19 doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190215491.001.0001 – ident: 9397_CR35 – volume: 58 start-page: 81 year: 2004 ident: 9397_CR3 publication-title: Archivaria – start-page: 669 volume-title: Emerging research in electronics, computer science and technology year: 2019 ident: 9397_CR54 doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-5802-9_59 – ident: 9397_CR15 doi: 10.18420/infdh2018-13 – ident: 9397_CR46 – start-page: 1 volume-title: Fundamentals of handwriting recognition year: 1993 ident: 9397_CR27 – volume-title: Some thoughts on English for Research Publication Purposes (ERPP) and related issues year: 2013 ident: 9397_CR22 – volume-title: Basic content analysis year: 1990 ident: 9397_CR67 doi: 10.4135/9781412983488
SSID	ssj0016189
Score	2.4695363
Snippet	Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) technology is now a mature machine learning tool, becoming integrated in the digitisation processes of libraries and...
SourceID	pubmedcentral proquest crossref springer
SourceType	Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher
StartPage	367
SubjectTerms	Acknowledgment Anthropology Antiquarian materials Archival studies Archives & records Artificial intelligence Classification Computer Appl. in Arts and Humanities Computer science Cultural and Media Studies Cultural Heritage Digitization Handwriting Handwriting recognition Humanities Information Storage and Retrieval Libraries Library Science Literature Literature reviews Machine learning Original Paper Recognition Scientific papers Systematic review Technology Tutorials
SummonAdditionalLinks	– databaseName: ABI/INFORM Global dbid: M0C link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LT9wwEB5R6KGXAluqhgKaSlUvbdRsHs66F4QQiAOgHorELXL8EKtWyXYTivgl_bv1OE7CIpULx_iROPI39tgz8w3Ax0SaTJdCh5JpFaZGSpI5EUayjIXi0m6zjmf2PL-8nF1f8-_-wq3xbpX9mugWalVLuiP_GjM-Syz6otnh4ndIWaPIuupTaLyADdJsyKXvIjoerAhs6lLgkS3OHpkZ80EzPnQuI99bexSzZ3piJF3dmEZt87Gv5CODqduHTjef-wdb8NproHjUQWYb1nQ1gc0-uwN6YZ_ATscgco-fkOhphUsBfD-BfR_qYMt9LBPNbd_vDfy9ehgvg1bBxAdWcqwN0mX93XLeWnUdyfEEBy-mmgr6u36cV0jRia1d8pBc6m3T5hsKHNmnsYu8oZe6Tfcn8aA01HHh3f0Vejqjmx24Oj35cXwW-vQPoUyzaRumijFjsjLTWck044YbZdXNktsHM1MiElGSlSlxlCmjZClEnqaxSnUuRDo1JnkL61Vd6XeAIsqkSmITSXvcZCbhZa6Nbc5NIvJYxgFM-7kvpOdGpxQdv4qR1ZnwUli8FA4vRRTA56HPomMGebL1Xg-Kwq8STTEiIoAPQ7WVbzLaiErXt9Qm57mLtgkgX4Hi8FViCF-tqeY3jimcx0RvzwL40oN2_Pj_x7r79Fjfw6u4kxsrVHuw3i5v9T68lH_aebM8cBL4D9pkPk8 priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest
Title	Understanding the application of handwritten text recognition technology in heritage contexts: a systematic review of Transkribus in published research
URI	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10502-022-09397-0 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2698332208 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2679700978 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9205146
Volume	22
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000812448900001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVAVX databaseName: Springer LINK customDbUrl: eissn: 1573-7500 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0016189 issn: 1389-0166 databaseCode: RSV dateStart: 20010301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://link.springer.com/search?facet-content-type=%22Journal%22 providerName: Springer Nature
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3da9RAEB9s64MIVmvFaHusIL5oIJ-brG9tafFBz6NaPX0Jm_2gh5Irl1TpX-K_25lkk7srKujLQjaTD5jZmdmdmd8API-VTU0pja-40X5ilaI1J_1AlZHUQqGZbXFm32bjcT6diokrCqv7bPc-JNlq6pVit5SyZXHzhLtwwhDdgC00dzk1bDj98GmIHfCwbXxHETjcKHPuSmV-_451c7T0MW9mSN4Ik7bW52T7__77Ptxz3iY76MTjAdwy1Q7cXWmOcLUDux1SyBV7wQiGVho3v-9KGnDe1SwRD5lTBg_h19lqXQxDR5KtRMPZ3DI6lP-5mDXoljNKMGFDttKcJvozfTarGFUhNqjaGKXOI2n9mkm2RJlmXYUNvbQ1rt8I76SmBy9cWr9mDrbofBfOTo4_Hr3xXZsHXyVp2PiJ5tzatExNWnLDhRVWo1tZCrywuZaBDOK0TAiLTFutSimzJIl0YjIpk9Da-BFsVvPKPAYmg1TpOLKBwm0lt7EoM2ORXNhYZpGKPAh7bhfKYaBTK47vxRK9mbhVILeKlltF4MHL4ZmLDgHkr9R7vRAVThvURcRFHqPmDHIPng23cR1TcEZWZn5JNJnI2qoaD7I14Ru-Skjg63eq2XmLCC4igrHnHrzqRXD58T__65N_I38Kd6JOinFZ7cFms7g0-3Bb_Whm9WIEG9nnLzRO8xFsHR6PJ6d49S44ojF8T2NE4yT9OmrX6zXFQDqD
linkProvider	Springer Nature
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Nb9QwEB2VggQXCksRgRaMBFwgIuskzhoJIVSoWnVZcWil3oLjD3XVKlk2W6r9JfwLfiMex0m6leitB46b2EmUfTP2ZOa9AXgVS5PqQuhQMq3CxEiJNifCSBZUKC7tMut0ZsfZZDI6Pubf1-BPy4XBssrWJzpHrSqJ38jfU8ZHsUVfNPo0-xli1yjMrrYtNBpYHOjlhQ3Z6o_7X-z_-5rS3a-HO3uh7yoQyiQdLsJEMWZMWqQ6LZhm3HCj7C6m4PaHGSkRiShOiwSlr5RRshAiSxKqEp0JkQyNie11b8HtJLHmgaWC0U6XtWBD13IPc382RGfMk3Q8VS_FWl8b-kU8RgXU1YWw391erc28kqB1697uxv_2xh7Afb_DJp8bk3gIa7ocwEbbvYJ4ZzaAzUYhZUneEJTfFa7F8XIA257KYY97rhZit533CH4fXeYDEbuBJpeqAEhlCCYjLubThQ1HCBbWkK5Kq8IDbS6DTEuC7MuFdekEKQN2aP2BCNKra5OGWYQXdZuKU9R5qXHizNMZFPFyTSebcHQjr_UxrJdVqZ8AEVEqVUxNJG04zUzMi0wbO5ybWGRU0gCGLdZy6bXfsQXJWd6rViM-c4vP3OEzjwJ4282ZNcon147eakGYey9Y5z0CA3jZnbb-C5NSotTVOY7JeObYRAFkK9Dv7ooK6KtnyumJU0LnFOX7WQDvWiPpb_7vZ316_bO-gLt7h9_G-Xh_cvAM7tHGZq1Bb8H6Yn6ut-GO_LWY1vPnzvoJ_Lhp4_kLxLaeaw
linkToPdf	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3NbtNAEB6VghAXCqEIQwuLBFzAquOfdRYJIUSJqFpFOVCp4mLW-6NGIDskLlWehHfh6Zix13ZTid564Gh717bWM7Mznvm-AXgRKZuYXBpfcaP92CpFOif9QOWh1ELhNlvzzB6lk8no5ERMN-BPi4WhssrWJtaGWpeK_pHvhVyMIpS-YLRnXVnEdH_8fv7Tpw5SlGlt22k0InJoVucYvi3fHezjt34ZhuNPXz5-9l2HAV_FybDyY825tUmemCTnhgsrrEaPJhd4YEdaBjKIkjwmGixttcqlTOM41LFJpYyH1kZ43xtwM8UYk8oJp8nXLoPBh3X7PcoDYrjOuQPsONheQnW_GAYGIiI21PVNsfd0L9dpXkrW1nvgeOt_Xr17cNd53uxDoyr3YcMUA9hqu1owZ-QGsN0wp6zYK0a0vLJufbwawK6DeOB5h-EimW7nPYDfxxdxQgwda3ahOoCVllGS4nwxqzBMYbQ2rKveKulEm-Ngs4IRKrNCU88ISoBDl2-ZZD3rNmsQR3TT2tn4TvwvS5o4dzAHzRyN0-k2HF_Lsj6EzaIszCNgMkiUjkIbKAyzuY1EnhqLw4WNZBqq0INhK3eZcpzw1JrkR9azWZOsZiirWS2rWeDB627OvGFEuXL0TiuQmbOOy6yXRg-ed5fRrlGyShamPKMxqUhrlJEH6ZoadE8lZvT1K8XstGZIFyHR-nMP3rQK0z_83-_6-Op3fQa3UWeyo4PJ4RO4Ezbqi7q9A5vV4szswi31q5otF09rQ8Dg23Xrzl-16qd7
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+application+of+handwritten+text+recognition+technology+in+heritage+contexts%3A+a+systematic+review+of+Transkribus+in+published+research&rft.jtitle=Archival+science&rft.au=Nockels%2C+Joe&rft.au=Gooding%2C+Paul&rft.au=Ames%2C+Sarah&rft.au=Terras%2C+Melissa&rft.date=2022-09-01&rft.pub=Springer+Netherlands&rft.issn=1389-0166&rft.eissn=1573-7500&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=367&rft.epage=392&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10502-022-09397-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35730063&rft.externalDocID=PMC9205146
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1389-0166&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1389-0166&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1389-0166&client=summon