Are bloodstream leukocytes Trojan Horses for the metastasis of Staphylococcus aureus?

Bacteraemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus infections can lead to life-threatening metastatic infections. Thwaites and Gant propose that neutrophils form a privileged site that is poorly accessible to antibiotics and that plays an important part in transporting the bacteria to distant sites. Staphy...

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Vydané v:	Nature reviews. Microbiology Ročník 9; číslo 3; s. 215 - 222
Hlavní autori:	Thwaites, Guy E., Gant, Vanya
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.03.2011 Nature Publishing Group
Predmet:	631/250/2504/223/1699 631/326/22/1290 631/326/41/2534 692/699/255/1318 Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use Antibiotics Bacteremia - microbiology Bacteria Bacterial infections Bacterial Proteins - metabolism Biomedical and Life Sciences Catheters Distribution Drug therapy Health aspects Humans Infectious Diseases Leukocytes Leukocytes - microbiology Leukocytes - physiology Life Sciences Medical Microbiology Metastasis Microbiology Neutrophils opinion-2 Parasitology Pathogens Phagocytes - microbiology Prostheses Protection and preservation Risk factors Staphylococcal Infections - drug therapy Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus - metabolism Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity Staphylococcus aureus infections Staphylococcus infections Virology Virulence Virulence Factors - metabolism United Kingdom
ISSN:	1740-1526, 1740-1534, 1740-1534
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Abstract	Bacteraemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus infections can lead to life-threatening metastatic infections. Thwaites and Gant propose that neutrophils form a privileged site that is poorly accessible to antibiotics and that plays an important part in transporting the bacteria to distant sites. Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia remains very difficult to treat, and a large proportion of cases result in potentially lethal metastatic infection. Unpredictable and persistent bacteraemia in the face of highly active, usually bactericidal antibiotics is the strongest predictor of death or disseminated disease. Although S. aureus has conventionally been considered an extracellular pathogen, much evidence demonstrates that it can survive intracellularly. In this Opinion article, we propose that phagocytes, and specifically neutrophils, represent a privileged site for S. aureus in the bloodstream, offering protection from most antibiotics and providing a mechanism by which the bacterium can travel to and infect distant sites. Furthermore, we suggest how this can be experimentally confirmed and how it may prompt a change in the current paradigm of S. aureus bacteraemia and identify better treatment options for improved clinical outcomes.
AbstractList	Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia remains very difficult to treat, and a large proportion of cases result in potentially lethal metastatic infection. Unpredictable and persistent bacteraemia in the face of highly active, usually bactericidal antibiotics is the strongest predictor of death or disseminated disease. Although S. aureus has conventionally been considered an extracellular pathogen, much evidence demonstrates that it can survive intracellularly. In this Opinion article, we propose that phagocytes, and specifically neutrophils, represent a privileged site for S. aureus in the bloodstream, offering protection from most antibiotics and providing a mechanism by which the bacterium can travel to and infect distant sites. Furthermore, we suggest how this can be experimentally confirmed and how it may prompt a change in the current paradigm of S. aureus bacteraemia and identify better treatment options for improved clinical outcomes. Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia remains very difficult to treat, and a large proportion of cases result in potentially lethal metastatic infection. Unpredictable and persistent bacteraemia in the face of highly active, usually bactericidal antibiotics is the strongest predictor of death or disseminated disease. Although S. aureus has conventionally been considered an extracellular pathogen, much evidence demonstrates that it can survive intracellularly. In this Opinion article, we propose that phagocytes, and specifically neutrophils, represent a privileged site for S. aureus in the bloodstream, offering protection from most antibiotics and providing a mechanism by which the bacterium can travel to and infect distant sites. Furthermore, we suggest how this can be experimentally confirmed and how it may prompt a change in the current paradigm of S. aureus bacteraemia and identify better treatment options for improved clinical outcomes.Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia remains very difficult to treat, and a large proportion of cases result in potentially lethal metastatic infection. Unpredictable and persistent bacteraemia in the face of highly active, usually bactericidal antibiotics is the strongest predictor of death or disseminated disease. Although S. aureus has conventionally been considered an extracellular pathogen, much evidence demonstrates that it can survive intracellularly. In this Opinion article, we propose that phagocytes, and specifically neutrophils, represent a privileged site for S. aureus in the bloodstream, offering protection from most antibiotics and providing a mechanism by which the bacterium can travel to and infect distant sites. Furthermore, we suggest how this can be experimentally confirmed and how it may prompt a change in the current paradigm of S. aureus bacteraemia and identify better treatment options for improved clinical outcomes. Bacteraemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus infections can lead to life-threatening metastatic infections. Thwaites and Gant propose that neutrophils form a privileged site that is poorly accessible to antibiotics and that plays an important part in transporting the bacteria to distant sites. Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia remains very difficult to treat, and a large proportion of cases result in potentially lethal metastatic infection. Unpredictable and persistent bacteraemia in the face of highly active, usually bactericidal antibiotics is the strongest predictor of death or disseminated disease. Although S. aureus has conventionally been considered an extracellular pathogen, much evidence demonstrates that it can survive intracellularly. In this Opinion article, we propose that phagocytes, and specifically neutrophils, represent a privileged site for S. aureus in the bloodstream, offering protection from most antibiotics and providing a mechanism by which the bacterium can travel to and infect distant sites. Furthermore, we suggest how this can be experimentally confirmed and how it may prompt a change in the current paradigm of S. aureus bacteraemia and identify better treatment options for improved clinical outcomes.
Audience	Academic
Author	Thwaites, Guy E. Gant, Vanya
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Guy E. surname: Thwaites fullname: Thwaites, Guy E. email: guy.thwaites@btinternet.com organization: Guy E. Thwaites is at the Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Vanya surname: Gant fullname: Gant, Vanya organization: Vanya Gant is at the Department of Microbiology, University College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 46 Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, UK
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21297670$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright	Springer Nature Limited 2011 COPYRIGHT 2011 Nature Publishing Group Copyright Nature Publishing Group Mar 2011
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Snippet	Bacteraemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus infections can lead to life-threatening metastatic infections. Thwaites and Gant propose that neutrophils form a... Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia remains very difficult to treat, and a large proportion of cases result in potentially lethal metastatic infection....
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SubjectTerms	631/250/2504/223/1699 631/326/22/1290 631/326/41/2534 692/699/255/1318 Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use Antibiotics Bacteremia - microbiology Bacteria Bacterial infections Bacterial Proteins - metabolism Biomedical and Life Sciences Catheters Distribution Drug therapy Health aspects Humans Infectious Diseases Leukocytes Leukocytes - microbiology Leukocytes - physiology Life Sciences Medical Microbiology Metastasis Microbiology Neutrophils opinion-2 Parasitology Pathogens Phagocytes - microbiology Prostheses Protection and preservation Risk factors Staphylococcal Infections - drug therapy Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus - metabolism Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity Staphylococcus aureus infections Staphylococcus infections Virology Virulence Virulence Factors - metabolism
Title	Are bloodstream leukocytes Trojan Horses for the metastasis of Staphylococcus aureus?
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