Influence of light and plant size on the reproduction and growth of small palm tree species: Comparing two methods for measuring canopy openness
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The reproduction and growth of large palms are influenced by many factors, including light and plant size, but few studies have examined smaller species (up to 2 m tall). We examined the effect of incident light and individual size on growth rates, the probability of reproducti...
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| Vydané v: | American journal of botany Ročník 103; číslo 9; s. 1678 - 1686 |
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| Hlavní autori: | , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
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United States
Botanical Society of America, Inc
01.09.2016
Botanical Society of America |
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| ISSN: | 0002-9122, 1537-2197, 1537-2197 |
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| Abstract | PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The reproduction and growth of large palms are influenced by many factors, including light and plant size, but few studies have examined smaller species (up to 2 m tall). We examined the effect of incident light and individual size on growth rates, the probability of reproduction, and the number of inflorescences of three small palm species and compared two methods for estimating canopy openness. METHODS: We measured canopy openness above the crowns of 132 adult plants and in the centers of 72 subplots (10 × 10 m) where individuals were sampled. We also recorded individual size and the number of leaves and inflorescences produced in two years. KEY RESULTS: Reproductive individuals of Butia paraguayensis tend to occur in illuminated microhabitats. Reproduction of Acrocomio emensis was correlated with stem diameter, but not with light. Reproduction was inversely related to individual size and light in Syagrus petraea, probably because this clonal palm invests heavily in sexual reproduction during its younger stages and clonal activity in older stages and may be adapted to the low-light conditions of the woodland understory. Growth was not predicted by light or individual size. Stronger correlations were found when incident light was measured directly above the crown, as opposed to the subplot center. CONCLUSIONS: The influences of light on reproduction are dependent on plant life histories, even among related and sympatric species. Light measurements directly above individual crowns provide better understanding of the reproductive effort rather than in subplot center. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | PREMISE OF THE STUDY:
The reproduction and growth of large palms are influenced by many factors, including light and plant size, but few studies have examined smaller species (up to 2 m tall). We examined the effect of incident light and individual size on growth rates, the probability of reproduction, and the number of inflorescences of three small palm species and compared two methods for estimating canopy openness.
METHODS:
We measured canopy openness above the crowns of 132 adult plants and in the centers of 72 subplots (10 × 10 m) where individuals were sampled. We also recorded individual size and the number of leaves and inflorescences produced in two years.
KEY RESULTS:
Reproductive individuals of Butia paraguayensis tend to occur in illuminated microhabitats. Reproduction of Acrocomia emensis was correlated with stem diameter, but not with light. Reproduction was inversely related to individual size and light in Syagrus petraea, probably because this clonal palm invests heavily in sexual reproduction during its younger stages and clonal activity in older stages and may be adapted to the low‐light conditions of the woodland understory. Growth was not predicted by light or individual size. Stronger correlations were found when incident light was measured directly above the crown, as opposed to the subplot center.
CONCLUSIONS:
The influences of light on reproduction are dependent on plant life histories, even among related and sympatric species. Light measurements directly above individual crowns provide better understanding of the reproductive effort rather than in subplot center. The reproduction and growth of large palms are influenced by many factors, including light and plant size, but few studies have examined smaller species (up to 2 m tall). We examined the effect of incident light and individual size on growth rates, the probability of reproduction, and the number of inflorescences of three small palm species and compared two methods for estimating canopy openness.PREMISE OF THE STUDYThe reproduction and growth of large palms are influenced by many factors, including light and plant size, but few studies have examined smaller species (up to 2 m tall). We examined the effect of incident light and individual size on growth rates, the probability of reproduction, and the number of inflorescences of three small palm species and compared two methods for estimating canopy openness.We measured canopy openness above the crowns of 132 adult plants and in the centers of 72 subplots (10 × 10 m) where individuals were sampled. We also recorded individual size and the number of leaves and inflorescences produced in two years.METHODSWe measured canopy openness above the crowns of 132 adult plants and in the centers of 72 subplots (10 × 10 m) where individuals were sampled. We also recorded individual size and the number of leaves and inflorescences produced in two years.Reproductive individuals of Butia paraguayensis tend to occur in illuminated microhabitats. Reproduction of Acrocomia emensis was correlated with stem diameter, but not with light. Reproduction was inversely related to individual size and light in Syagrus petraea, probably because this clonal palm invests heavily in sexual reproduction during its younger stages and clonal activity in older stages and may be adapted to the low-light conditions of the woodland understory. Growth was not predicted by light or individual size. Stronger correlations were found when incident light was measured directly above the crown, as opposed to the subplot center.KEY RESULTSReproductive individuals of Butia paraguayensis tend to occur in illuminated microhabitats. Reproduction of Acrocomia emensis was correlated with stem diameter, but not with light. Reproduction was inversely related to individual size and light in Syagrus petraea, probably because this clonal palm invests heavily in sexual reproduction during its younger stages and clonal activity in older stages and may be adapted to the low-light conditions of the woodland understory. Growth was not predicted by light or individual size. Stronger correlations were found when incident light was measured directly above the crown, as opposed to the subplot center.The influences of light on reproduction are dependent on plant life histories, even among related and sympatric species. Light measurements directly above individual crowns provide better understanding of the reproductive effort rather than in subplot center.CONCLUSIONSThe influences of light on reproduction are dependent on plant life histories, even among related and sympatric species. Light measurements directly above individual crowns provide better understanding of the reproductive effort rather than in subplot center. Premise of the study: The reproduction and growth of large palms are influenced by many factors, including light and plant size, but few studies have examined smaller species (up to 2 m tall). We examined the effect of incident light and individual size on growth rates, the probability of reproduction, and the number of inflorescences of three small palm species and compared two methods for estimating canopy openness. Methods: We measured canopy openness above the crowns of 132 adult plants and in the centers of 72 subplots (10 x 10 m) where individuals were sampled. We also recorded individual size and the number of leaves and inflorescences produced in two years. Key results: Reproductive individuals of Butia paraguayensis tend to occur in illuminated microhabitats. Reproduction of Acrocomia emensis was correlated with stem diameter, but not with light. Reproduction was inversely related to individual size and light in Syagrus petraea, probably because this clonal palm invests heavily in sexual reproduction during its younger stages and clonal activity in older stages and may be adapted to the low-light conditions of the woodland understory. Growth was not predicted by light or individual size. Stronger correlations were found when incident light was measured directly above the crown, as opposed to the subplot center. Conclusions: The influences of light on reproduction are dependent on plant life histories, even among related and sympatric species. Light measurements directly above individual crowns provide better understanding of the reproductive effort rather than in subplot center. The reproduction and growth of large palms are influenced by many factors, including light and plant size, but few studies have examined smaller species (up to 2 m tall). We examined the effect of incident light and individual size on growth rates, the probability of reproduction, and the number of inflorescences of three small palm species and compared two methods for estimating canopy openness. We measured canopy openness above the crowns of 132 adult plants and in the centers of 72 subplots (10 × 10 m) where individuals were sampled. We also recorded individual size and the number of leaves and inflorescences produced in two years. Reproductive individuals of Butia paraguayensis tend to occur in illuminated microhabitats. Reproduction of Acrocomia emensis was correlated with stem diameter, but not with light. Reproduction was inversely related to individual size and light in Syagrus petraea, probably because this clonal palm invests heavily in sexual reproduction during its younger stages and clonal activity in older stages and may be adapted to the low-light conditions of the woodland understory. Growth was not predicted by light or individual size. Stronger correlations were found when incident light was measured directly above the crown, as opposed to the subplot center. The influences of light on reproduction are dependent on plant life histories, even among related and sympatric species. Light measurements directly above individual crowns provide better understanding of the reproductive effort rather than in subplot center. PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The reproduction and growth of large palms are influenced by many factors, including light and plant size, but few studies have examined smaller species (up to 2 m tall). We examined the effect of incident light and individual size on growth rates, the probability of reproduction, and the number of inflorescences of three small palm species and compared two methods for estimating canopy openness. METHODS: We measured canopy openness above the crowns of 132 adult plants and in the centers of 72 subplots (10 × 10 m) where individuals were sampled. We also recorded individual size and the number of leaves and inflorescences produced in two years. KEY RESULTS: Reproductive individuals of Butia paraguayensis tend to occur in illuminated microhabitats. Reproduction of Acrocomio emensis was correlated with stem diameter, but not with light. Reproduction was inversely related to individual size and light in Syagrus petraea, probably because this clonal palm invests heavily in sexual reproduction during its younger stages and clonal activity in older stages and may be adapted to the low-light conditions of the woodland understory. Growth was not predicted by light or individual size. Stronger correlations were found when incident light was measured directly above the crown, as opposed to the subplot center. CONCLUSIONS: The influences of light on reproduction are dependent on plant life histories, even among related and sympatric species. Light measurements directly above individual crowns provide better understanding of the reproductive effort rather than in subplot center. |
| Author | Amadeu, Luã S. N. Sampaio, Mauricio B. dos Santos, Flavio A. M. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Luã S. N. surname: Amadeu fullname: Amadeu, Luã S. N. – sequence: 2 givenname: Mauricio B. surname: Sampaio fullname: Sampaio, Mauricio B. – sequence: 3 givenname: Flavio A. M. surname: dos Santos fullname: dos Santos, Flavio A. M. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27613516$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Arecaceae hemispherical photography individual size effects growth light reproductive effort |
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| Snippet | PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The reproduction and growth of large palms are influenced by many factors, including light and plant size, but few studies have examined... PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The reproduction and growth of large palms are influenced by many factors, including light and plant size, but few studies have examined... The reproduction and growth of large palms are influenced by many factors, including light and plant size, but few studies have examined smaller species (up to... Premise of the study: The reproduction and growth of large palms are influenced by many factors, including light and plant size, but few studies have examined... |
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| SubjectTerms | Acrocomia Arecaceae Arecaceae - growth & development Arecaceae - physiology Arecaceae - radiation effects Botany Botany - methods Canopies Comparative analysis Environment growth hemispherical photography individual size effects Inflorescence - growth & development Inflorescence - physiology Inflorescence - radiation effects Leaves light Microhabitats Plant growth Plant reproduction Plant species Plant Stems - growth & development Plant Stems - physiology Plant Stems - radiation effects Reproduction reproductive effort Sunlight Trees Understory Woodlands |
| Title | Influence of light and plant size on the reproduction and growth of small palm tree species: Comparing two methods for measuring canopy openness |
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