Floral traits influencing plant attractiveness to three bee species Consequences for plant reproductive success

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The ability to attract pollinators is crucial to plants that rely on insects for pollination. We contrasted the roles of floral display size and flower color in attracting three bee species and determined the relationships between plant attractiveness (number of pollinator visi...

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Published in:	American journal of botany Vol. 104; no. 5; pp. 772 - 781
Main Authors:	Bauer, Austin A., Clayton, Murray K., Brunet, Johanne
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Botanical Society of America, Inc 01.05.2017 Botanical Society of America
Subjects:	Animals Attraction Bees Bombus Botany Breeding success bumble bee Color Correlation analysis females floral display size flower color Flowers Flowers - anatomy & histology honey bee honey bees Insects leafcutting bee Medicago sativa Megachilidae Plant reproduction Plants pollinating insects Pollination pollinator pollinator visits Pollinators probability Regression analysis Reproduction reproductive success RESEARCH ARTICLE Seed set zero‐inflated Poisson regression bumble bee honey bee flower color floral display size Medicago sativa pollinator visits zero-inflated Poisson regression pollinator leafcutting bee reproductive success
ISSN:	0002-9122, 1537-2197, 1537-2197
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Abstract	PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The ability to attract pollinators is crucial to plants that rely on insects for pollination. We contrasted the roles of floral display size and flower color in attracting three bee species and determined the relationships between plant attractiveness (number of pollinator visits) and seed set for each bee species. METHODS: We recorded pollinator visits to plants, measured plant traits, and quantified plant reproductive success. A zero‐inflated Poisson regression model indicated plant traits associated with pollinator attraction. It identified traits that increased the number of bee visits and traits that increased the probability of a plant not receiving any visits. Different components of floral display size were examined and two models of flower color contrasted. Relationships between plant attractiveness and seed set were determined using regression analyses. KEY RESULTS: Plants with more racemes received more bee visits from all three bee species. Plants with few racemes were more likely not to receive any bee visits. The role of flower color varied with bee species and was influenced by the choice of the flower color model. Increasing bee visits increased seed set for all three bee species, with the steepest slope for leafcutting bees, followed by bumble bees, and finally honey bees. CONCLUSIONS: Floral display size influenced pollinator attraction more consistently than flower color. The same plant traits affected the probability of not being visited and the number of pollinator visits received. The impact of plant attractiveness on female reproductive success varied, together with pollinator effectiveness, by pollinator species.
AbstractList	The ability to attract pollinators is crucial to plants that rely on insects for pollination. We contrasted the roles of floral display size and flower color in attracting three bee species and determined the relationships between plant attractiveness (number of pollinator visits) and seed set for each bee species. We recorded pollinator visits to plants, measured plant traits, and quantified plant reproductive success. A zero-inflated Poisson regression model indicated plant traits associated with pollinator attraction. It identified traits that increased the number of bee visits and traits that increased the probability of a plant not receiving any visits. Different components of floral display size were examined and two models of flower color contrasted. Relationships between plant attractiveness and seed set were determined using regression analyses. Plants with more racemes received more bee visits from all three bee species. Plants with few racemes were more likely not to receive any bee visits. The role of flower color varied with bee species and was influenced by the choice of the flower color model. Increasing bee visits increased seed set for all three bee species, with the steepest slope for leafcutting bees, followed by bumble bees, and finally honey bees. Floral display size influenced pollinator attraction more consistently than flower color. The same plant traits affected the probability of not being visited and the number of pollinator visits received. The impact of plant attractiveness on female reproductive success varied, together with pollinator effectiveness, by pollinator species. PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The ability to attract pollinators is crucial to plants that rely on insects for pollination. We contrasted the roles of floral display size and flower color in attracting three bee species and determined the relationships between plant attractiveness (number of pollinator visits) and seed set for each bee species. METHODS: We recorded pollinator visits to plants, measured plant traits, and quantified plant reproductive success. A zero‐inflated Poisson regression model indicated plant traits associated with pollinator attraction. It identified traits that increased the number of bee visits and traits that increased the probability of a plant not receiving any visits. Different components of floral display size were examined and two models of flower color contrasted. Relationships between plant attractiveness and seed set were determined using regression analyses. KEY RESULTS: Plants with more racemes received more bee visits from all three bee species. Plants with few racemes were more likely not to receive any bee visits. The role of flower color varied with bee species and was influenced by the choice of the flower color model. Increasing bee visits increased seed set for all three bee species, with the steepest slope for leafcutting bees, followed by bumble bees, and finally honey bees. CONCLUSIONS: Floral display size influenced pollinator attraction more consistently than flower color. The same plant traits affected the probability of not being visited and the number of pollinator visits received. The impact of plant attractiveness on female reproductive success varied, together with pollinator effectiveness, by pollinator species. The ability to attract pollinators is crucial to plants that rely on insects for pollination. We contrasted the roles of floral display size and flower color in attracting three bee species and determined the relationships between plant attractiveness (number of pollinator visits) and seed set for each bee species.PREMISE OF THE STUDYThe ability to attract pollinators is crucial to plants that rely on insects for pollination. We contrasted the roles of floral display size and flower color in attracting three bee species and determined the relationships between plant attractiveness (number of pollinator visits) and seed set for each bee species.We recorded pollinator visits to plants, measured plant traits, and quantified plant reproductive success. A zero-inflated Poisson regression model indicated plant traits associated with pollinator attraction. It identified traits that increased the number of bee visits and traits that increased the probability of a plant not receiving any visits. Different components of floral display size were examined and two models of flower color contrasted. Relationships between plant attractiveness and seed set were determined using regression analyses.METHODSWe recorded pollinator visits to plants, measured plant traits, and quantified plant reproductive success. A zero-inflated Poisson regression model indicated plant traits associated with pollinator attraction. It identified traits that increased the number of bee visits and traits that increased the probability of a plant not receiving any visits. Different components of floral display size were examined and two models of flower color contrasted. Relationships between plant attractiveness and seed set were determined using regression analyses.Plants with more racemes received more bee visits from all three bee species. Plants with few racemes were more likely not to receive any bee visits. The role of flower color varied with bee species and was influenced by the choice of the flower color model. Increasing bee visits increased seed set for all three bee species, with the steepest slope for leafcutting bees, followed by bumble bees, and finally honey bees.KEY RESULTSPlants with more racemes received more bee visits from all three bee species. Plants with few racemes were more likely not to receive any bee visits. The role of flower color varied with bee species and was influenced by the choice of the flower color model. Increasing bee visits increased seed set for all three bee species, with the steepest slope for leafcutting bees, followed by bumble bees, and finally honey bees.Floral display size influenced pollinator attraction more consistently than flower color. The same plant traits affected the probability of not being visited and the number of pollinator visits received. The impact of plant attractiveness on female reproductive success varied, together with pollinator effectiveness, by pollinator species.CONCLUSIONSFloral display size influenced pollinator attraction more consistently than flower color. The same plant traits affected the probability of not being visited and the number of pollinator visits received. The impact of plant attractiveness on female reproductive success varied, together with pollinator effectiveness, by pollinator species. PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The ability to attract pollinators is crucial to plants that rely on insects for pollination. We contrasted the roles of floral display size and flower color in attracting three bee species and determined the relationships between plant attractiveness (number of pollinator visits) and seed set for each bee species. METHODS: We recorded pollinator visits to plants, measured plant traits, and quantified plant reproductive success. A zero‐inflated Poisson regression model indicated plant traits associated with pollinator attraction. It identified traits that increased the number of bee visits and traits that increased the probability of a plant not receiving any visits. Different components of floral display size were examined and two models of flower color contrasted. Relationships between plant attractiveness and seed set were determined using regression analyses. KEY RESULTS: Plants with more racemes received more bee visits from all three bee species. Plants with few racemes were more likely not to receive any bee visits. The role of flower color varied with bee species and was influenced by the choice of the flower color model. Increasing bee visits increased seed set for all three bee species, with the steepest slope for leafcutting bees, followed by bumble bees, and finally honey bees. CONCLUSIONS: Floral display size influenced pollinator attraction more consistently than flower color. The same plant traits affected the probability of not being visited and the number of pollinator visits received. The impact of plant attractiveness on female reproductive success varied, together with pollinator effectiveness, by pollinator species.
Author	Bauer, Austin A. Clayton, Murray K. Brunet, Johanne
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Austin A. surname: Bauer fullname: Bauer, Austin A. organization: Department of Entomology, 1630 Linden Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Murray K. surname: Clayton fullname: Clayton, Murray K. organization: Department of Statistics, 1300 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Johanne surname: Brunet fullname: Brunet, Johanne organization: USDA–Agricultural Research Service, Vegetable Crop Research Unit, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	2017 Bauer et al. 2017 Botanical Society of America 2017 Bauer et al. Published by the Botanical Society of America. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons public domain license (CC0 1.0). Copyright Botanical Society of America, Inc. May 2017
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Keywords	bumble bee honey bee flower color floral display size Medicago sativa pollinator visits zero-inflated Poisson regression pollinator leafcutting bee reproductive success
Language	English
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Snippet	PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The ability to attract pollinators is crucial to plants that rely on insects for pollination. We contrasted the roles of floral display... The ability to attract pollinators is crucial to plants that rely on insects for pollination. We contrasted the roles of floral display size and flower color... PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The ability to attract pollinators is crucial to plants that rely on insects for pollination. We contrasted the roles of floral display...
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SubjectTerms	Animals Attraction Bees Bombus Botany Breeding success bumble bee Color Correlation analysis females floral display size flower color Flowers Flowers - anatomy & histology honey bee honey bees Insects leafcutting bee Medicago sativa Megachilidae Plant reproduction Plants pollinating insects Pollination pollinator pollinator visits Pollinators probability Regression analysis Reproduction reproductive success RESEARCH ARTICLE Seed set zero‐inflated Poisson regression
Subtitle	Consequences for plant reproductive success
Title	Floral traits influencing plant attractiveness to three bee species
URI	https://www.jstor.org/stable/26410980 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.3732%2Fajb.1600405 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28533203 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1906866684 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1901752643 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2000426718
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