Potential pitfalls in skin permeation experiments: Influence of experimental factors and subsequent data evaluation
There is a growing demand for skin penetration and permeation data considering toxicological and potential drug delivery aspects for an increasing number of substances. Although there are official guidelines available, results from different skin diffusion studies are often inconsistent and sometime...
Uložené v:
| Vydané v: | European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics Ročník 72; číslo 2; s. 324 - 331 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autori: | , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Vydavateľské údaje: |
Amsterdam
Elsevier B.V
01.06.2009
Elsevier |
| Predmet: | |
| ISSN: | 0939-6411, 1873-3441, 1873-3441 |
| On-line prístup: | Získať plný text |
| Tagy: |
Pridať tag
Žiadne tagy, Buďte prvý, kto otaguje tento záznam!
|
| Abstract | There is a growing demand for skin penetration and permeation data considering toxicological and potential drug delivery aspects for an increasing number of substances. Although there are official guidelines available, results from different skin diffusion studies are often inconsistent and sometimes even controversial. The aim of our study is to address and to investigate the influence of experimental parameters as well as mathematical problems for subsequent evaluation of the permeation raw data. To create a reliable database diffusion experiments across human stratum corneum were performed under highly standardized conditions. The experimental data were evaluated using linear and non-linear regression analysis to determine the influence on the permeability coefficient and the lag-time. Additionally, the influence of two critical experimental parameters, temperature and unstirred water layers, on the permeability was investigated in silico. Based on our results we suggest that the influence of temperature on the permeability coefficient is small compared to the effect of other experimental parameters. Thickness of unstirred water layers has a tremendous effect on the permeation and may lead to underestimation of the permeability by more than 90%. Non-linear regression analysis seems to be superior compared to linear algorithms hence is advisable for evaluation of the experimental data. Our findings may help to optimize the experimental set-up and to reduce total costs for future skin diffusion testing. With regards to EU’s REACH-Initiative this will also help to create more and reliable data on safety issues of industrial materials. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | There is a growing demand for skin penetration and permeation data considering toxicological and potential drug delivery aspects for an increasing number of substances. Although there are official guidelines available, results from different skin diffusion studies are often inconsistent and sometimes even controversial. The aim of our study is to address and to investigate the influence of experimental parameters as well as mathematical problems for subsequent evaluation of the permeation raw data. To create a reliable database diffusion experiments across human stratum corneum were performed under highly standardized conditions. The experimental data were evaluated using linear and non-linear regression analysis to determine the influence on the permeability coefficient and the lag-time. Additionally, the influence of two critical experimental parameters, temperature and unstirred water layers, on the permeability was investigated in silico. Based on our results we suggest that the influence of temperature on the permeability coefficient is small compared to the effect of other experimental parameters. Thickness of unstirred water layers has a tremendous effect on the permeation and may lead to underestimation of the permeability by more than 90%. Non-linear regression analysis seems to be superior compared to linear algorithms hence is advisable for evaluation of the experimental data. Our findings may help to optimize the experimental set-up and to reduce total costs for future skin diffusion testing. With regards to EU's REACH-Initiative this will also help to create more and reliable data on safety issues of industrial materials. There is a growing demand for skin penetration and permeation data considering toxicological and potential drug delivery aspects for an increasing number of substances. Although there are official guidelines available, results from different skin diffusion studies are often inconsistent and sometimes even controversial. The aim of our study is to address and to investigate the influence of experimental parameters as well as mathematical problems for subsequent evaluation of the permeation raw data. To create a reliable database diffusion experiments across human stratum corneum were performed under highly standardized conditions. The experimental data were evaluated using linear and non-linear regression analysis to determine the influence on the permeability coefficient and the lag-time. Additionally, the influence of two critical experimental parameters, temperature and unstirred water layers, on the permeability was investigated in silico. Based on our results we suggest that the influence of temperature on the permeability coefficient is small compared to the effect of other experimental parameters. Thickness of unstirred water layers has a tremendous effect on the permeation and may lead to underestimation of the permeability by more than 90%. Non-linear regression analysis seems to be superior compared to linear algorithms hence is advisable for evaluation of the experimental data. Our findings may help to optimize the experimental set-up and to reduce total costs for future skin diffusion testing. With regards to EU's REACH-Initiative this will also help to create more and reliable data on safety issues of industrial materials.There is a growing demand for skin penetration and permeation data considering toxicological and potential drug delivery aspects for an increasing number of substances. Although there are official guidelines available, results from different skin diffusion studies are often inconsistent and sometimes even controversial. The aim of our study is to address and to investigate the influence of experimental parameters as well as mathematical problems for subsequent evaluation of the permeation raw data. To create a reliable database diffusion experiments across human stratum corneum were performed under highly standardized conditions. The experimental data were evaluated using linear and non-linear regression analysis to determine the influence on the permeability coefficient and the lag-time. Additionally, the influence of two critical experimental parameters, temperature and unstirred water layers, on the permeability was investigated in silico. Based on our results we suggest that the influence of temperature on the permeability coefficient is small compared to the effect of other experimental parameters. Thickness of unstirred water layers has a tremendous effect on the permeation and may lead to underestimation of the permeability by more than 90%. Non-linear regression analysis seems to be superior compared to linear algorithms hence is advisable for evaluation of the experimental data. Our findings may help to optimize the experimental set-up and to reduce total costs for future skin diffusion testing. With regards to EU's REACH-Initiative this will also help to create more and reliable data on safety issues of industrial materials. |
| Author | Schaefer, Ulrich F. Neumann, Dirk Henning, Andreas |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Andreas surname: Henning fullname: Henning, Andreas organization: Saarland University, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarbruecken, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Ulrich F. surname: Schaefer fullname: Schaefer, Ulrich F. organization: Saarland University, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarbruecken, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Dirk surname: Neumann fullname: Neumann, Dirk email: d.neumann@bioinf.uni-sb.de organization: Saarland University, Centre for Bioinformatics Saar, Saarbruecken, Germany |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21549715$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18761087$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp9kU1vFSEUholpY2-rf8CFYaO7mcIA82HcmKbVJk10oWtyhjkkXLnMCExT_73c3mtjXHQD4fC85-s9JydhDkjIG85qznh7ua1xu4x1w1hfs64uoRdkw_tOVEJKfkI2bBBD1UrOz8h5SlvGmOxU_5KcFajlrO82JH2bM4bswNPFZQveJ-oCTT_LsWDcIWQ3B4oP5eF2hUwf6G2wfsVgkM72n5-SwoLJc0wUwkTTOib8VbhMJ8hA8R78-pjtFTkthRK-Pt4X5MfN9ferL9Xd18-3V5_uKiMVy9XIhWUGbDuNZoRJMTRGCYFsQEAmlGqUNUqNYBphTdf1CsQkJVrko5Qjigvy_pB3iXNpJGW9c8mg9xBwXpNuu0YOjWAFfHsE13GHk17KQBB_679rKsC7IwDJgLcRgnHpiWu4kkPHVeH6A2finFJEq43LjzPnCM5rzvTeOb3Ve-f03jnNOl1CRdr8J33q4jnRx4MIyxrvHUadjNs7M7mIJutpds_J_wBNWbVw |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1159_000499477 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1773_2247_11_50004_8 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2885_2012_01380_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s11095_012_0777_6 crossref_primary_10_1208_s12249_014_0130_y crossref_primary_10_1080_10739149_2024_2368200 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejpb_2022_12_010 crossref_primary_10_1517_17425255_2015_1063615 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejps_2015_02_018 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijpharm_2012_05_012 crossref_primary_10_1159_000351936 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jconrel_2010_08_014 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00204_022_03299_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jddst_2020_101926 crossref_primary_10_1208_s12249_010_9522_9 crossref_primary_10_1111_exd_12058 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2885_2011_01302_x crossref_primary_10_1111_ics_12656 crossref_primary_10_3109_03639045_2012_694590 crossref_primary_10_1080_17425247_2021_2010702 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejpb_2011_01_011 crossref_primary_10_4155_tde_15_20 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijpharm_2022_122114 crossref_primary_10_1080_15287394_2012_688489 crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics12020152 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13346_021_01089_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijpharm_2011_11_037 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2008 Elsevier B.V. 2009 INIST-CNRS |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2008 Elsevier B.V. – notice: 2009 INIST-CNRS |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION IQODW CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.07.016 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Pascal-Francis Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology |
| EISSN | 1873-3441 |
| EndPage | 331 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 18761087 21549715 10_1016_j_ejpb_2008_07_016 S0939641108002981 |
| Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GroupedDBID | --- --K --M .~1 0R~ 1B1 1RT 1~. 1~5 29G 4.4 457 4G. 53G 5GY 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ AABNK AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AATCM AAXUO AAYOK ABFNM ABFRF ABGSF ABJNI ABMAC ABUDA ABXDB ABYKQ ABZDS ACDAQ ACGFO ACIUM ACRLP ADBBV ADEZE ADMUD ADUVX AEBSH AEFWE AEHWI AEKER AENEX AFKWA AFTJW AFXIZ AGHFR AGRDE AGUBO AGYEJ AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV ALCLG ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BKOJK BLXMC C45 CS3 DOVZS DU5 EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-Q GBLVA HVGLF HZ~ IHE J1W KOM M41 MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OGGZJ OVD OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- RIG ROL RPZ SDF SDG SES SEW SPCBC SSP SSU SSZ T5K TEORI UNMZH ~G- 9DU AATTM AAXKI AAYWO AAYXX ABWVN ACLOT ACRPL ACVFH ADCNI ADNMO AEIPS AEUPX AFJKZ AFPUW AGQPQ AIGII AIIUN AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ANKPU APXCP CITATION EFKBS ~HD AGCQF AGRNS BNPGV IQODW SSH CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c450t-b13f0caf6dbcbad50ecc533e09eae035525fc55bac23fc7785a3d44efe1b44be3 |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 30 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000267000800007&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 0939-6411 1873-3441 |
| IngestDate | Sun Sep 28 02:10:25 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 03 07:02:02 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 09:17:01 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:36:37 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 02:14:10 EST 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:28:03 EST 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 2 |
| Keywords | Lag-time Temperature D Permeation MW D app UWL BSA OECD Human skin preparation t lag HSA Unstirred water layer Modelling PSA Water Human Evaluation Pharmaceutical technology Modeling Preparation Skin |
| Language | English |
| License | https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0 CC BY 4.0 |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c450t-b13f0caf6dbcbad50ecc533e09eae035525fc55bac23fc7785a3d44efe1b44be3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| PMID | 18761087 |
| PQID | 67249230 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| PageCount | 8 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_67249230 pubmed_primary_18761087 pascalfrancis_primary_21549715 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_ejpb_2008_07_016 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejpb_2008_07_016 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_ejpb_2008_07_016 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2009-06-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2009-06-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 06 year: 2009 text: 2009-06-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2000 |
| PublicationPlace | Amsterdam |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Amsterdam – name: Netherlands |
| PublicationTitle | European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Eur J Pharm Biopharm |
| PublicationYear | 2009 |
| Publisher | Elsevier B.V Elsevier |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier B.V – name: Elsevier |
| References | Mewes, Raus, Bernd, Zoeller, Saettler, Graf (bib39) 2007; 20 S.W. Collier, R.L. Bronaugh, Expression of Absorption Data: In vitro Percutaneous Absorption Principles, Fundamentals and Applications, CRC Press, 1989. Clowes, Scott, Heylings (bib30) 1994; 8 Cordero, Alarcon, Escribano, Obach, Domenech (bib11) 1997; 86 Weast (bib17) 1970 Kandarova, Liebsch, Gerner, Schmidt, Genschern, Traue, Spielmann (bib37) 2005; 33 Thong, Zhai, Maibach (bib40) 2007; 20 OECD, Guideline 428: Skin Absorption: In vitro Method, OECD Paris, 2004. Kemppainen, Reifenrath (bib28) 1990 Ben-Shabat, Baruch, Sintov (bib45) 2007; 33 Barrer, Barrie (bib41) 1962; 58 Bronaugh, Wester, Bucks, Maibach, Sarason (bib33) 1990; 28 Kligman, Christophers (bib7) 1963; 88 Harrison, Watkinson, Green, Hadgraft, Brain (bib10) 1996; 13 Wagner, Kostka, Lehr, Schaefer (bib8) 2000; 17 Tojo (bib24) 1985; 24 Avdeef, Nielsen, Tsinman (bib23) 2004; 22 OECD, Guideline 427: Skin Absorption: In vivo Methods, OECD Paris, 2004. Netzlaff, Lehr, Wertz, Schaefer (bib38) 2005; 60 Aqil, Ahad, Sultana, Ali (bib44) 2007; 12 Huber, Von Heydebreck, Sültmann, Poustka, Vingron (bib50) 2002; 18 Henning, Neumann, Kostka, Lehr, Schaefer (bib6) 2008; 21 Hadgraft, Ridout (bib26) 1987; 39 Cross, Anissimov, Magnusson, Roberts (bib48) 2003; 120 US-EPA, Dermal exposure assessment: principles and applications, US Environmental Protection Agency, 1992. Talreja, Kleene, Pickens, Wang, Kasting (bib20) 2001; 3 Akomeah, Martin, Brown (bib52) 2007; 96 Wagner, Kostka, Lehr, Schaefer (bib32) 2002; 118 Crank (bib9) 1975 Flynn (bib1) 1990 Borras-Blasco, Diez-Sales, Lopez, Herraez-Dominguez (bib12) 2004; 269 Yang, Ding, Gao (bib46) 2007; 28 Williams, Cornwell, Barry (bib51) 1992; 86 D.A. Stringer, ECETOC Monograph No. 20: Percutaneous Absorption, European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC), 1993. Bronaugh, Maibach (bib34) 1985; 84 R.O. Potts, M.L. Francoeur, Lipid biophysics of water loss through the skin, in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87, 1990, pp. 3871–3873. Shaikh, Ademola, Maibach (bib42) 1996; 9 Potts, Guy (bib19) 1992; 9 Mitragotri, Blankschtein, Langer (bib21) 1997; 86 Carslaw, Jaeger (bib15) 1959 Scott, Carmichael, Huckle, Needham, Savage (bib31) 1993; 31 USP, The dissolution procedure: development and validation (1092), The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 2008. Diez-Sales, Copovi, Casabo, Herraez (bib47) 1991; 77 Schaefer-Korting, Bock, Gamer, Haberland, Haltner-Ukomadu, Kaca, Kamp, Kietzmann, Korting, Kraechter, Lehr, Liebsch, Mehling, Netzlaff, Niedorf, Ruebbelke, Schaefer, Schmidt, Schreiber, Schroeder, Spielmann, Vuia (bib36) 2006; 34 Frum, Khan, Sefcik, Rouse, Eccleston, Meidan (bib53) 2007; 336 Moser, Kriwet, Naik, Kalia, Guy (bib49) 2001; 52 Smith (bib16) 1985 Karlsson, Artursson (bib22) 1991; 71 Majumdar, Thomas, Wasdo, Sloan (bib13) 2007; 329 OECD, Guidance Document No.28: Guidance Document for the Conduct of Skin absorption studies, OECD Paris, 2004. Johnson, Blankschtein, Langer (bib18) 1997; 86 Thomas, Majumdar, Wasdo, Majumdar, Sloan (bib14) 2007; 339 Netzlaff, Kaca, Bock, Haltner-Ukomadu, Meiers, Lehr, Schaefer (bib54) 2007; 66 H. Schaefer, T. Redelmeier, Skin barrier – Principles of Percutaneous Absorption, Karger, 1996. |
| References_xml | – volume: 86 start-page: 503 year: 1997 end-page: 508 ident: bib11 article-title: A comparative study of the transdermal penetration of a series of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs publication-title: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – reference: OECD, Guidance Document No.28: Guidance Document for the Conduct of Skin absorption studies, OECD Paris, 2004. – volume: 9 start-page: 663 year: 1992 end-page: 669 ident: bib19 article-title: Predicting skin permeability publication-title: Pharmaceutical Research – volume: 33 start-page: 1169 year: 2007 end-page: 1175 ident: bib45 article-title: Conjugates of unsaturated fatty acids with propylene glycol as potentially less-irritant skin penetration enhancers publication-title: Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy – volume: 86 start-page: 69 year: 1992 end-page: 77 ident: bib51 article-title: On the non-Gaussian distribution of human skin permeabilities publication-title: International Journal of Pharmaceutics – volume: 3 year: 2001 ident: bib20 article-title: Visualization of the lipid barrier and measurement of lipid pathlength in human stratum corneum publication-title: AAPS Pharmscience – volume: 52 start-page: 103 year: 2001 end-page: 112 ident: bib49 article-title: Passive skin penetration enhancement and its quantification in vitro publication-title: European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics – volume: 21 start-page: 81 year: 2008 end-page: 88 ident: bib6 article-title: Influence of human skin specimens consisting of different skin layers on the result of in vitro permeation experiments publication-title: Skin Pharmacology and Physiology – volume: 329 start-page: 25 year: 2007 end-page: 36 ident: bib13 article-title: The effect of water solubility of solutes on their flux through human skin in vitro publication-title: International Journal of Pharmaceutics – volume: 336 start-page: 140 year: 2007 end-page: 147 ident: bib53 article-title: Towards a correlation between drug properties and in vitro transdermal flux variability publication-title: International Journal of Pharmaceutics – volume: 120 start-page: 589 year: 2003 end-page: 591 ident: bib48 article-title: Bovine-serum-albumin-containing receptor phase better predicts transdermal absorption parameters for lipophilic compounds publication-title: Journal of Investigative Dermatology – volume: 58 start-page: 2473 year: 1962 end-page: 2483 ident: bib41 article-title: Permeation through a membrane with mixed boundary conditions publication-title: Transactions of the Faraday Society – volume: 77 start-page: 1 year: 1991 end-page: 11 ident: bib47 article-title: A modelistic approach showing the importance of the stagnant aqueous layers in in vitro diffusion studies, and in vitro–in vivo correlations publication-title: International Journal of Pharmaceutics – volume: 31 start-page: 523 year: 1993 end-page: 529 ident: bib31 article-title: Methods for measuring dermal penetration of pesticides publication-title: Food and Chemical Toxicology – volume: 17 start-page: 1475 year: 2000 end-page: 1481 ident: bib8 article-title: Drug distribution in human skin using two different in vitro test systems: comparison with in vivo data publication-title: Pharmaceutical Research – reference: OECD, Guideline 427: Skin Absorption: In vivo Methods, OECD Paris, 2004. – volume: 33 start-page: 351 year: 2005 end-page: 367 ident: bib37 article-title: The EpiDerm test protocol for the upcoming ECVAM validation study on in vitro skin irritation tests - An assessment of the performance of the optimised test publication-title: ATLA Alternatives to Laboratory Animals – volume: 66 start-page: 127 year: 2007 end-page: 134 ident: bib54 article-title: Permeability of the reconstructed human epidermis model Episkin publication-title: European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics – reference: D.A. Stringer, ECETOC Monograph No. 20: Percutaneous Absorption, European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC), 1993. – reference: US-EPA, Dermal exposure assessment: principles and applications, US Environmental Protection Agency, 1992. – year: 1959 ident: bib15 article-title: Conduction of Heat in Solids – volume: 96 start-page: 824 year: 2007 end-page: 834 ident: bib52 article-title: Variability in human skin permeability in vitro: comparing penetrants with different physicochemical properties publication-title: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – volume: 118 start-page: 540 year: 2002 end-page: 544 ident: bib32 article-title: Human skin penetration of flufenamic acid: in vivo/in vitro correlation (deeper skin layers) for skin samples from the same subject publication-title: Journal of Investigative Dermatology – volume: 86 start-page: 1162 year: 1997 end-page: 1172 ident: bib18 article-title: Evaluation of solute permeation through the stratum corneum: lateral bilayer diffusion as the primary transport mechanism publication-title: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – reference: R.O. Potts, M.L. Francoeur, Lipid biophysics of water loss through the skin, in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87, 1990, pp. 3871–3873. – year: 1990 ident: bib28 article-title: Methods for Skin Absorption – year: 1975 ident: bib9 article-title: The Mathematics of Diffusion – volume: 88 start-page: 702 year: 1963 end-page: 705 ident: bib7 article-title: Preparation of isolated sheets of human stratum corneum publication-title: Archives of Dermatology – volume: 13 start-page: 542 year: 1996 end-page: 546 ident: bib10 article-title: The relative effect of azone publication-title: Pharmaceutical Research – volume: 28 start-page: 369 year: 1990 end-page: 373 ident: bib33 article-title: In vivo percutaneous absorption of fragrance ingredients in rhesus monkeys and humans publication-title: Food and Chemical Toxicology – reference: H. Schaefer, T. Redelmeier, Skin barrier – Principles of Percutaneous Absorption, Karger, 1996. – volume: 34 start-page: 283 year: 2006 end-page: 294 ident: bib36 article-title: Reconstructed human epidermis for skin absorption testing: results of the German prevalidation study publication-title: ATLA Alternatives to Laboratory Animals – start-page: 93 year: 1990 end-page: 127 ident: bib1 article-title: Physicochemical determinants of skin absorption publication-title: Principles of Route to Route Extrapolation for Risk Assessment – volume: 86 start-page: 1190 year: 1997 end-page: 1192 ident: bib21 article-title: An explanation for the variation of the sonophoretic transdermal transport enhancement from drug to drug publication-title: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – volume: 8 start-page: 827 year: 1994 end-page: 830 ident: bib30 article-title: Skin absorption: flow-through or static diffusion cells publication-title: Toxicology In Vitro – volume: 60 start-page: 167 year: 2005 end-page: 178 ident: bib38 article-title: The human epidermis models EpiSkin publication-title: European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics – volume: 18 year: 2002 ident: bib50 article-title: Variance stabilization applied to microarray data calibration and to the quantification of differential expression publication-title: Bioinformatics – volume: 71 start-page: 55 year: 1991 end-page: 64 ident: bib22 article-title: A method for the determination of cellular permeability coefficients and aqueous boundary layer thickness in monolayers of intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells grown in permeable filter chambers publication-title: International Journal of Pharmaceutics – volume: 84 start-page: 180 year: 1985 end-page: 183 ident: bib34 article-title: Percutaneous absorption of nitroaromatic compounds: in vivo and in vitro studies in the human and monkey publication-title: Journal of Investigative Dermatology – year: 1970 ident: bib17 article-title: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics – volume: 39 start-page: 149 year: 1987 end-page: 156 ident: bib26 article-title: Development of model membranes for percutaneous absorption measurements. I. Isopropyl myristate publication-title: International Journal of Pharmaceutics – reference: USP, The dissolution procedure: development and validation (1092), The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 2008. – reference: S.W. Collier, R.L. Bronaugh, Expression of Absorption Data: In vitro Percutaneous Absorption Principles, Fundamentals and Applications, CRC Press, 1989. – reference: OECD, Guideline 428: Skin Absorption: In vitro Method, OECD Paris, 2004. – volume: 269 start-page: 121 year: 2004 end-page: 129 ident: bib12 article-title: A mathematical approach to predicting the percutaneous absorption enhancing effect of sodium lauryl sulphate publication-title: International Journal of Pharmaceutics – volume: 20 start-page: 272 year: 2007 end-page: 282 ident: bib40 article-title: Percutaneous penetration enhancers: an overview publication-title: Skin Pharmacology and Physiology – year: 1985 ident: bib16 article-title: Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations: Finite Difference Methods – volume: 28 start-page: 1252 year: 2007 end-page: 1254 ident: bib46 article-title: Effects of penetration enhancers on skin permeation behavior of fluoxetine hydrochloride in vitro publication-title: Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University – volume: 20 start-page: 85 year: 2007 end-page: 95 ident: bib39 article-title: Elastin expression in a newly developed full-thickness skin equivalent publication-title: Skin Pharmacology and Physiology – volume: 24 start-page: 368 year: 1985 end-page: 373 ident: bib24 article-title: Hydrodynamic characteristics of an in vitro drug permeation cell publication-title: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals – volume: 9 start-page: 274 year: 1996 end-page: 280 ident: bib42 article-title: Effects of freezing and azide treatment of in vitro human skin on the flux and metabolism of 8-methoxypsoralen publication-title: Skin Pharmacology – volume: 339 start-page: 157 year: 2007 end-page: 167 ident: bib14 article-title: The effect of water solubility of solutes on their flux through human skin in vitro: an extended Flynn database fitted to the Roberts–Sloan equation publication-title: International Journal of Pharmaceutics – volume: 22 start-page: 365 year: 2004 end-page: 374 ident: bib23 article-title: PAMPA – A drug absorption in vitro model: 11. Matching the in vivo unstirred water layer thickness by individual-well stirring in microtitre plates publication-title: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – volume: 12 start-page: 1061 year: 2007 end-page: 1067 ident: bib44 article-title: Status of terpenes as skin penetration enhancers publication-title: Drug Discovery Today |
| SSID | ssj0004758 |
| Score | 2.091364 |
| Snippet | There is a growing demand for skin penetration and permeation data considering toxicological and potential drug delivery aspects for an increasing number of... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed pascalfrancis crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 324 |
| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Biological and medical sciences Diffusion General pharmacology Human skin preparation Humans Lag-time Linear Models Medical sciences Modelling Permeability Permeation Pharmaceutical technology. Pharmaceutical industry Pharmacology. Drug treatments Skin Absorption Temperature Unstirred water layer |
| Title | Potential pitfalls in skin permeation experiments: Influence of experimental factors and subsequent data evaluation |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.07.016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18761087 https://www.proquest.com/docview/67249230 |
| Volume | 72 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000267000800007&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021 customDbUrl: eissn: 1873-3441 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0004758 issn: 0939-6411 databaseCode: AIEXJ dateStart: 19970101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV07b9swECacpEOBoui7TluXQ5HFkaEHaUrdgiJB0yEwUAfwJpA0hchxZcNSguSX5e_1KFKindZBM3QhDNrUw_fxeDx-d4fQl9jnWaSGsSfCTHlkypmXMEE8RhRLZDyMwimvi02ws7N4MklGnc5dEwtzPWdFEd_cJMv_KmroA2Hr0NlHiLu9KHTAZxA6tCB2aP9J8KNFpRlAOsIqrzI-n9eM1_Kypouvflkb0WX2rzlxp02tEm08bmT9bwry1A520DI19brqa2bpWqrwrQ5-a-wuL5zr3FxL5IuNTueUrYsotWRL3n7zUxP8MwOx8zno74v-ycA5s_VphFGhuQ0_apwZiSNdNV7JKPGGxOpfq6BZuAbEcE3bRib82i7cNvTrjzXBuCdmAzVbCkueZQM_-EsC7nsLY0tXbJhws1Rfw1buZCl07aC9kNEE1One0enx5IcLyWV1adj2fWy8lqEW3n-SbTbRsyUvYaZmpsTK9j1QbQuNX6DndhODjwz4XqKOKl6hg5ER5-0hHrugvvIQH-CRy49--xqVLUJxg1CcF1gjFDuE4jWEfsUtPvEiw-v4xBafGDCFHT6xxid2-HyDzk-Ox9--e7b2hycJ9StPBFHmS54Np0IKPqU-qBrYmSg_UVz5YCSHNJOUCi7DKJOMxZRHU0IAhYEgRKjoLdotFoV6j7AvQwV2KYkEiYk-CYaxilLOpAoCaLooaP79VNrE-Lo-yzzdLvcu6rdjliYtzIO_po1QU2vYGoM1BYw-OK63gYD2VqFOrMgC2kWfG0iksCzosz5eqMVVmQ6ZTgUa-V30ziDFPSbYP4Efs_1HvcIH9NTN149ot1pdqU_oibyu8nLVQztsEvfsHPgN-xvtag |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Potential+pitfalls+in+skin+permeation+experiments%3A+Influence+of+experimental+factors+and+subsequent+data+evaluation&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+pharmaceutics+and+biopharmaceutics&rft.au=Henning%2C+Andreas&rft.au=Schaefer%2C+Ulrich+F.&rft.au=Neumann%2C+Dirk&rft.date=2009-06-01&rft.issn=0939-6411&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=324&rft.epage=331&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ejpb.2008.07.016&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1016_j_ejpb_2008_07_016 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0939-6411&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0939-6411&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0939-6411&client=summon |