Antifungal activity of the clove essential oil from Syzygium aromaticum on Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophyte species

The composition and antifungal activity of clove essential oil (EO), obtained from Syzygium aromaticum, were studied. Clove oil was obtained commercially and analysed by GC and GC-MS. The EO analysed showed a high content of eugenol (85.3 %). MICs, determined according to Clinical and Laboratory Sta...

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Published in:	Journal of medical microbiology Vol. 58; no. Pt 11; p. 1454
Main Authors:	Pinto, Eugénia, Vale-Silva, Luís, Cavaleiro, Carlos, Salgueiro, Lígia
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England 01.11.2009
Subjects:	Antifungal Agents - chemistry Antifungal Agents - pharmacology Arthrodermataceae - classification Arthrodermataceae - drug effects Aspergillosis - microbiology Aspergillus - classification Aspergillus - drug effects Candida - classification Candida - drug effects Candidiasis - microbiology Clove Oil - chemistry Clove Oil - pharmacology Dermatomycoses - microbiology Ergosterol - metabolism Eugenol - chemistry Eugenol - pharmacology Flow Cytometry Humans Microbial Sensitivity Tests Oils, Volatile - chemistry Oils, Volatile - pharmacology Syzygium - chemistry
ISSN:	1473-5644, 1473-5644
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Abstract	The composition and antifungal activity of clove essential oil (EO), obtained from Syzygium aromaticum, were studied. Clove oil was obtained commercially and analysed by GC and GC-MS. The EO analysed showed a high content of eugenol (85.3 %). MICs, determined according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols, and minimum fungicidal concentration were used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the clove oil and its main component, eugenol, against Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophyte clinical and American Type Culture Collection strains. The EO and eugenol showed inhibitory activity against all the tested strains. To clarify its mechanism of action on yeasts and filamentous fungi, flow cytometric and inhibition of ergosterol synthesis studies were performed. Propidium iodide rapidly penetrated the majority of the yeast cells when the cells were treated with concentrations just over the MICs, meaning that the fungicidal effect resulted from an extensive lesion of the cell membrane. Clove oil and eugenol also caused a considerable reduction in the quantity of ergosterol, a specific fungal cell membrane component. Germ tube formation by Candida albicans was completely or almost completely inhibited by oil and eugenol concentrations below the MIC values. The present study indicates that clove oil and eugenol have considerable antifungal activity against clinically relevant fungi, including fluconazole-resistant strains, deserving further investigation for clinical application in the treatment of fungal infections.
AbstractList	The composition and antifungal activity of clove essential oil (EO), obtained from Syzygium aromaticum, were studied. Clove oil was obtained commercially and analysed by GC and GC-MS. The EO analysed showed a high content of eugenol (85.3 %). MICs, determined according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols, and minimum fungicidal concentration were used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the clove oil and its main component, eugenol, against Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophyte clinical and American Type Culture Collection strains. The EO and eugenol showed inhibitory activity against all the tested strains. To clarify its mechanism of action on yeasts and filamentous fungi, flow cytometric and inhibition of ergosterol synthesis studies were performed. Propidium iodide rapidly penetrated the majority of the yeast cells when the cells were treated with concentrations just over the MICs, meaning that the fungicidal effect resulted from an extensive lesion of the cell membrane. Clove oil and eugenol also caused a considerable reduction in the quantity of ergosterol, a specific fungal cell membrane component. Germ tube formation by Candida albicans was completely or almost completely inhibited by oil and eugenol concentrations below the MIC values. The present study indicates that clove oil and eugenol have considerable antifungal activity against clinically relevant fungi, including fluconazole-resistant strains, deserving further investigation for clinical application in the treatment of fungal infections.The composition and antifungal activity of clove essential oil (EO), obtained from Syzygium aromaticum, were studied. Clove oil was obtained commercially and analysed by GC and GC-MS. The EO analysed showed a high content of eugenol (85.3 %). MICs, determined according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols, and minimum fungicidal concentration were used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the clove oil and its main component, eugenol, against Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophyte clinical and American Type Culture Collection strains. The EO and eugenol showed inhibitory activity against all the tested strains. To clarify its mechanism of action on yeasts and filamentous fungi, flow cytometric and inhibition of ergosterol synthesis studies were performed. Propidium iodide rapidly penetrated the majority of the yeast cells when the cells were treated with concentrations just over the MICs, meaning that the fungicidal effect resulted from an extensive lesion of the cell membrane. Clove oil and eugenol also caused a considerable reduction in the quantity of ergosterol, a specific fungal cell membrane component. Germ tube formation by Candida albicans was completely or almost completely inhibited by oil and eugenol concentrations below the MIC values. The present study indicates that clove oil and eugenol have considerable antifungal activity against clinically relevant fungi, including fluconazole-resistant strains, deserving further investigation for clinical application in the treatment of fungal infections. The composition and antifungal activity of clove essential oil (EO), obtained from Syzygium aromaticum, were studied. Clove oil was obtained commercially and analysed by GC and GC-MS. The EO analysed showed a high content of eugenol (85.3 %). MICs, determined according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols, and minimum fungicidal concentration were used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the clove oil and its main component, eugenol, against Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophyte clinical and American Type Culture Collection strains. The EO and eugenol showed inhibitory activity against all the tested strains. To clarify its mechanism of action on yeasts and filamentous fungi, flow cytometric and inhibition of ergosterol synthesis studies were performed. Propidium iodide rapidly penetrated the majority of the yeast cells when the cells were treated with concentrations just over the MICs, meaning that the fungicidal effect resulted from an extensive lesion of the cell membrane. Clove oil and eugenol also caused a considerable reduction in the quantity of ergosterol, a specific fungal cell membrane component. Germ tube formation by Candida albicans was completely or almost completely inhibited by oil and eugenol concentrations below the MIC values. The present study indicates that clove oil and eugenol have considerable antifungal activity against clinically relevant fungi, including fluconazole-resistant strains, deserving further investigation for clinical application in the treatment of fungal infections.
Author	Cavaleiro, Carlos Vale-Silva, Luís Salgueiro, Lígia Pinto, Eugénia
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Eugénia surname: Pinto fullname: Pinto, Eugénia organization: Department of Microbiology/CEQOFFUP/CEQUIMED, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-047 Porto, Portugal – sequence: 2 givenname: Luís surname: Vale-Silva fullname: Vale-Silva, Luís organization: Department of Microbiology/CEQOFFUP/CEQUIMED, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-047 Porto, Portugal – sequence: 3 givenname: Carlos surname: Cavaleiro fullname: Cavaleiro, Carlos organization: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy/CEF, University of Coimbra, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal – sequence: 4 givenname: Lígia surname: Salgueiro fullname: Salgueiro, Lígia organization: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy/CEF, University of Coimbra, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589904$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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PublicationTitle	Journal of medical microbiology
PublicationTitleAlternate	J Med Microbiol
PublicationYear	2009
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Snippet	The composition and antifungal activity of clove essential oil (EO), obtained from Syzygium aromaticum, were studied. Clove oil was obtained commercially and...
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StartPage	1454
SubjectTerms	Antifungal Agents - chemistry Antifungal Agents - pharmacology Arthrodermataceae - classification Arthrodermataceae - drug effects Aspergillosis - microbiology Aspergillus - classification Aspergillus - drug effects Candida - classification Candida - drug effects Candidiasis - microbiology Clove Oil - chemistry Clove Oil - pharmacology Dermatomycoses - microbiology Ergosterol - metabolism Eugenol - chemistry Eugenol - pharmacology Flow Cytometry Humans Microbial Sensitivity Tests Oils, Volatile - chemistry Oils, Volatile - pharmacology Syzygium - chemistry
Title	Antifungal activity of the clove essential oil from Syzygium aromaticum on Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophyte species
URI	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589904 https://www.proquest.com/docview/734080328
Volume	58
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