Alzheimer’s Disease: Treatment Strategies and Their Limitations

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent case of neurodegenerative disease and is becoming a major public health problem all over the world. Many therapeutic strategies have been explored for several decades; however, there is still no curative treatment, and the priority remains prevention. In...

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Vydané v:	International journal of molecular sciences Ročník 23; číslo 22; s. 13954
Hlavní autori:	Passeri, Elodie, Elkhoury, Kamil, Morsink, Margaretha, Broersen, Kerensa, Linder, Michel, Tamayol, Ali, Malaplate, Catherine, Yen, Frances T., Arab-Tehrany, Elmira
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Switzerland MDPI AG 12.11.2022 MDPI
Predmet:	Alzheimer Disease - drug therapy Alzheimer Disease - prevention & control Alzheimer's disease Bioavailability Biotechnology Blood-Brain Barrier Brain damage Brain research Cognitive ability Cognitive science Disease prevention Drug Delivery Systems - methods Humans Life Sciences Lipids Nanoparticles - therapeutic use Nervous system Neurodegenerative Diseases - drug therapy Neurological disorders Neuroscience Pathology Peptides Proteins Review Topography blood–brain-barrier therapeutics strategies Alzheimer’s disease intranasal administration liposomes exosomes polyunsaturated fatty acids blood-brainbarrier
ISSN:	1422-0067, 1661-6596, 1422-0067
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent case of neurodegenerative disease and is becoming a major public health problem all over the world. Many therapeutic strategies have been explored for several decades; however, there is still no curative treatment, and the priority remains prevention. In this review, we present an update on the clinical and physiological phase of the AD spectrum, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for AD treatment with a focus on prevention strategies, then research models used in AD, followed by a discussion of treatment limitations. The prevention methods can significantly slow AD evolution and are currently the best strategy possible before the advanced stages of the disease. Indeed, current drug treatments have only symptomatic effects, and disease-modifying treatments are not yet available. Drug delivery to the central nervous system remains a complex process and represents a challenge for developing therapeutic and preventive strategies. Studies are underway to test new techniques to facilitate the bioavailability of molecules to the brain. After a deep study of the literature, we find the use of soft nanoparticles, in particular nanoliposomes and exosomes, as an innovative approach for preventive and therapeutic strategies in reducing the risk of AD and solving problems of brain bioavailability. Studies show the promising role of nanoliposomes and exosomes as smart drug delivery systems able to penetrate the blood–brain barrier and target brain tissues. Finally, the different drug administration techniques for neurological disorders are discussed. One of the promising therapeutic methods is the intranasal administration strategy which should be used for preclinical and clinical studies of neurodegenerative diseases.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:	1422-0067 1661-6596 1422-0067
DOI:	10.3390/ijms232213954