Kinetics and Chemorheological Analysis of Cross-Linking Reactions in Humins

Humins is a biomass-derived material, co-product of the acid-catalyzed conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to platform chemicals. This work presents a thorough study concerning the crosslinking kinetics of humins by chemorheological analysis and model-free kinetics under isothermal and non-iso...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Polymers Vol. 11; no. 11; p. 1804
Main Authors: Sangregorio, Anna, Guigo, Nathanaël, Jong, Ed de, Sbirrazzuoli, Nicolas
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 02.11.2019
MDPI
Series:Special issue: Sustainable Bio-Based Polymers: Towards a Circular Bioeconomy
Subjects:
Acids
Chemical reactions
Chemical Sciences
Conversion
Crosslinking
Curing
Energy
Experiments
Heat
Initiators
Kinetics
Lignocellulose
Material chemistry
Mathematical functions
Rheology
Temperature
Temperature effects
Viscosity
isoconversional method
biobased thermoset
kinetics
humins
lignocellulosic biomass valorization
ISSN:2073-4360, 2073-4360
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Humins is a biomass-derived material, co-product of the acid-catalyzed conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to platform chemicals. This work presents a thorough study concerning the crosslinking kinetics of humins by chemorheological analysis and model-free kinetics under isothermal and non-isothermal curing. Humins can auto-crosslink under the effect of temperature, and the reaction can be fastener when adding an acidic initiator. Thus, the effect of P-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (pTSA) on the crosslinking kinetics was also studied. The dependencies of the effective activation energy (Eα-dependencies) were determined by an advanced isoconversional method and correlated with the variation of complex viscosity during curing. It is shown that humins curing involves multi-step complex reactions and that the use of an acidic initiator allows faster crosslinking at lower temperatures, involving lower Eα. The shift from chemical to diffusion control was also estimated.
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PMCID: PMC6918444
ISSN:2073-4360
2073-4360
DOI:10.3390/polym11111804