Microstructural Characterization of Laser Weld of Hot-Stamped Al-Si Coated 22MnB5 and Modification of Weld Properties by Hybrid Welding

The presence of Al-Si coating on 22MnB5 leads to the formation of large ferritic bands in the dominantly martensitic microstructure of butt laser welds. Rapid cooling of laser weld metal is responsible for insufficient diffusion of coating elements into the steel and incomplete homogenization of wel...

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Published in:	Materials Vol. 14; no. 14; p. 3943
Main Authors:	Šebestová, Hana, Horník, Petr, Mikmeková, Šárka, Mrňa, Libor, Doležal, Pavel, Novotný, Jan
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Basel MDPI AG 14.07.2021 MDPI
Subjects:	Aluminum Arc heating Arc welding Base metal Boron Cooling rate Diffusion coating Gas tungsten arc welding Heat affected zone Heat treating Laser beam welding Laser cooling Lasers Mechanical properties Metal fatigue Microhardness Microstructure Shear strength Silicon Solid solutions Steel Tensile strength Tensile tests Ultimate tensile strength Weld metal Welded joints
ISSN:	1996-1944, 1996-1944
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Abstract	The presence of Al-Si coating on 22MnB5 leads to the formation of large ferritic bands in the dominantly martensitic microstructure of butt laser welds. Rapid cooling of laser weld metal is responsible for insufficient diffusion of coating elements into the steel and incomplete homogenization of weld fusion zone. The Al-rich regions promote the formation of ferritic solid solution. Soft ferritic bands cause weld joint weakening. Laser welds reached only 64% of base metal’s ultimate tensile strength, and they always fractured in the fusion zone during the tensile tests. We implemented hybrid laser-TIG welding technology to reduce weld cooling rate by the addition of heat of the arc. The effect of arc current on weld microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. Thanks to the slower cooling, the large ferritic bands were eliminated. The hybrid welds reached greater ultimate tensile strength compared to laser welds. The location of the fracture moved from the fusion zone to a tempered heat-affected zone characterized by a drop in microhardness. The minimum of microhardness was independent of heat input in this region.
AbstractList	The presence of Al-Si coating on 22MnB5 leads to the formation of large ferritic bands in the dominantly martensitic microstructure of butt laser welds. Rapid cooling of laser weld metal is responsible for insufficient diffusion of coating elements into the steel and incomplete homogenization of weld fusion zone. The Al-rich regions promote the formation of ferritic solid solution. Soft ferritic bands cause weld joint weakening. Laser welds reached only 64% of base metal's ultimate tensile strength, and they always fractured in the fusion zone during the tensile tests. We implemented hybrid laser-TIG welding technology to reduce weld cooling rate by the addition of heat of the arc. The effect of arc current on weld microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. Thanks to the slower cooling, the large ferritic bands were eliminated. The hybrid welds reached greater ultimate tensile strength compared to laser welds. The location of the fracture moved from the fusion zone to a tempered heat-affected zone characterized by a drop in microhardness. The minimum of microhardness was independent of heat input in this region.The presence of Al-Si coating on 22MnB5 leads to the formation of large ferritic bands in the dominantly martensitic microstructure of butt laser welds. Rapid cooling of laser weld metal is responsible for insufficient diffusion of coating elements into the steel and incomplete homogenization of weld fusion zone. The Al-rich regions promote the formation of ferritic solid solution. Soft ferritic bands cause weld joint weakening. Laser welds reached only 64% of base metal's ultimate tensile strength, and they always fractured in the fusion zone during the tensile tests. We implemented hybrid laser-TIG welding technology to reduce weld cooling rate by the addition of heat of the arc. The effect of arc current on weld microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. Thanks to the slower cooling, the large ferritic bands were eliminated. The hybrid welds reached greater ultimate tensile strength compared to laser welds. The location of the fracture moved from the fusion zone to a tempered heat-affected zone characterized by a drop in microhardness. The minimum of microhardness was independent of heat input in this region. The presence of Al-Si coating on 22MnB5 leads to the formation of large ferritic bands in the dominantly martensitic microstructure of butt laser welds. Rapid cooling of laser weld metal is responsible for insufficient diffusion of coating elements into the steel and incomplete homogenization of weld fusion zone. The Al-rich regions promote the formation of ferritic solid solution. Soft ferritic bands cause weld joint weakening. Laser welds reached only 64% of base metal’s ultimate tensile strength, and they always fractured in the fusion zone during the tensile tests. We implemented hybrid laser-TIG welding technology to reduce weld cooling rate by the addition of heat of the arc. The effect of arc current on weld microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. Thanks to the slower cooling, the large ferritic bands were eliminated. The hybrid welds reached greater ultimate tensile strength compared to laser welds. The location of the fracture moved from the fusion zone to a tempered heat-affected zone characterized by a drop in microhardness. The minimum of microhardness was independent of heat input in this region.
Author	Doležal, Pavel Šebestová, Hana Novotný, Jan Horník, Petr Mikmeková, Šárka Mrňa, Libor
AuthorAffiliation	2 Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická, 2896/2, 61669 Brno, Czech Republic; dolezal@fme.vutbr.cz 1 Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská, 147, 61264 Brno, Czech Republic; hornik@isibrno.cz (P.H.); sarka@isibrno.cz (Š.M.); mrna@isibrno.cz (L.M.); jann@isibrno.cz (J.N.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická, 2896/2, 61669 Brno, Czech Republic; dolezal@fme.vutbr.cz – name: 1 Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská, 147, 61264 Brno, Czech Republic; hornik@isibrno.cz (P.H.); sarka@isibrno.cz (Š.M.); mrna@isibrno.cz (L.M.); jann@isibrno.cz (J.N.)
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Hana orcidid: 0000-0003-4445-1324 surname: Šebestová fullname: Šebestová, Hana – sequence: 2 givenname: Petr orcidid: 0000-0002-9320-9561 surname: Horník fullname: Horník, Petr – sequence: 3 givenname: Šárka orcidid: 0000-0002-8959-0507 surname: Mikmeková fullname: Mikmeková, Šárka – sequence: 4 givenname: Libor surname: Mrňa fullname: Mrňa, Libor – sequence: 5 givenname: Pavel orcidid: 0000-0001-9282-0134 surname: Doležal fullname: Doležal, Pavel – sequence: 6 givenname: Jan surname: Novotný fullname: Novotný, Jan
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Snippet	The presence of Al-Si coating on 22MnB5 leads to the formation of large ferritic bands in the dominantly martensitic microstructure of butt laser welds. Rapid...
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SubjectTerms	Aluminum Arc heating Arc welding Base metal Boron Cooling rate Diffusion coating Gas tungsten arc welding Heat affected zone Heat treating Laser beam welding Laser cooling Lasers Mechanical properties Metal fatigue Microhardness Microstructure Shear strength Silicon Solid solutions Steel Tensile strength Tensile tests Ultimate tensile strength Weld metal Welded joints
Title	Microstructural Characterization of Laser Weld of Hot-Stamped Al-Si Coated 22MnB5 and Modification of Weld Properties by Hybrid Welding
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