Emergent informal use of doxycycline post- and pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men and transgender and gender diverse people, the Netherlands, 2024
BACKGROUNDDoxycycline post-exposure and pre-exposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP/PrEP) to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is not part of standard practice in the Netherlands but may be used informally (without prescription).AIMWe assessed informal use and intention to use doxyPEP/PrEP among...
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| Vydáno v: | Euro surveillance : bulletin européen sur les maladies transmissibles Ročník 30; číslo 26 |
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| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
03.07.2025
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control |
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| ISSN: | 1560-7917, 1025-496X, 1560-7917 |
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| Abstract | BACKGROUNDDoxycycline post-exposure and pre-exposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP/PrEP) to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is not part of standard practice in the Netherlands but may be used informally (without prescription).AIMWe assessed informal use and intention to use doxyPEP/PrEP among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender and gender diverse people in the Netherlands.METHODSBetween 26 February and 6 May 2024, we conducted an online survey on informal doxyPEP/PrEP use in the preceding 6 months and intention to use. We assessed the determinants of recent informal use and high intention to use using risk ratio regression.RESULTSOf the 1,633 participating individuals (96.7% MSM) 246 (15%) reported doxyPEP/PrEP use in the preceding 6 months. Informal use was more common among participants who used HIV PrEP or were living with HIV, had ≥ 15 anonymous sexual partners, engaged in chemsex, wanted to protect themselves, got advice from others to use doxyPEP/PrEP and believed doxyPEP/PrEP is safe. High intention to use (n = 1,063 (65%) participants) was more common among participants using HIV PrEP or living with HIV, who wanted to have condomless sex, who wanted to protect others from STIs and who perceived doxyPEP/PrEP as effective and safe.CONCLUSIONAlthough doxyPEP/PrEP is not formally recommended in the Netherlands, survey participants reported informal use and a high intention to use. These findings, combined with the global increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), stress the need for close monitoring and further research on the AMR effects of doxyPEP/PrEP use. |
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| AbstractList | BACKGROUNDDoxycycline post-exposure and pre-exposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP/PrEP) to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is not part of standard practice in the Netherlands but may be used informally (without prescription).AIMWe assessed informal use and intention to use doxyPEP/PrEP among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender and gender diverse people in the Netherlands.METHODSBetween 26 February and 6 May 2024, we conducted an online survey on informal doxyPEP/PrEP use in the preceding 6 months and intention to use. We assessed the determinants of recent informal use and high intention to use using risk ratio regression.RESULTSOf the 1,633 participating individuals (96.7% MSM) 246 (15%) reported doxyPEP/PrEP use in the preceding 6 months. Informal use was more common among participants who used HIV PrEP or were living with HIV, had ≥ 15 anonymous sexual partners, engaged in chemsex, wanted to protect themselves, got advice from others to use doxyPEP/PrEP and believed doxyPEP/PrEP is safe. High intention to use (n = 1,063 (65%) participants) was more common among participants using HIV PrEP or living with HIV, who wanted to have condomless sex, who wanted to protect others from STIs and who perceived doxyPEP/PrEP as effective and safe.CONCLUSIONAlthough doxyPEP/PrEP is not formally recommended in the Netherlands, survey participants reported informal use and a high intention to use. These findings, combined with the global increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), stress the need for close monitoring and further research on the AMR effects of doxyPEP/PrEP use.BACKGROUNDDoxycycline post-exposure and pre-exposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP/PrEP) to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is not part of standard practice in the Netherlands but may be used informally (without prescription).AIMWe assessed informal use and intention to use doxyPEP/PrEP among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender and gender diverse people in the Netherlands.METHODSBetween 26 February and 6 May 2024, we conducted an online survey on informal doxyPEP/PrEP use in the preceding 6 months and intention to use. We assessed the determinants of recent informal use and high intention to use using risk ratio regression.RESULTSOf the 1,633 participating individuals (96.7% MSM) 246 (15%) reported doxyPEP/PrEP use in the preceding 6 months. Informal use was more common among participants who used HIV PrEP or were living with HIV, had ≥ 15 anonymous sexual partners, engaged in chemsex, wanted to protect themselves, got advice from others to use doxyPEP/PrEP and believed doxyPEP/PrEP is safe. High intention to use (n = 1,063 (65%) participants) was more common among participants using HIV PrEP or living with HIV, who wanted to have condomless sex, who wanted to protect others from STIs and who perceived doxyPEP/PrEP as effective and safe.CONCLUSIONAlthough doxyPEP/PrEP is not formally recommended in the Netherlands, survey participants reported informal use and a high intention to use. These findings, combined with the global increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), stress the need for close monitoring and further research on the AMR effects of doxyPEP/PrEP use. BACKGROUND Doxycycline post-exposure and pre-exposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP/PrEP) to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is not part of standard practice in the Netherlands but may be used informally (without prescription). AIM We assessed informal use and intention to use doxyPEP/PrEP among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender and gender diverse people in the Netherlands. METHODS Between 26 February and 6 May 2024, we conducted an online survey on informal doxyPEP/PrEP use in the preceding 6 months and intention to use. We assessed the determinants of recent informal use and high intention to use using risk ratio regression. RESULTS Of the 1,633 participating individuals (96.7% MSM) 246 (15%) reported doxyPEP/PrEP use in the preceding 6 months. Informal use was more common among participants who used HIV PrEP or were living with HIV, had ≥ 15 anonymous sexual partners, engaged in chemsex, wanted to protect themselves, got advice from others to use doxyPEP/PrEP and believed doxyPEP/PrEP is safe. High intention to use (n = 1,063 (65%) participants) was more common among participants using HIV PrEP or living with HIV, who wanted to have condomless sex, who wanted to protect others from STIs and who perceived doxyPEP/PrEP as effective and safe. CONCLUSION Although doxyPEP/PrEP is not formally recommended in the Netherlands, survey participants reported informal use and a high intention to use. These findings, combined with the global increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), stress the need for close monitoring and further research on the AMR effects of doxyPEP/PrEP use. BACKGROUNDDoxycycline post-exposure and pre-exposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP/PrEP) to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is not part of standard practice in the Netherlands but may be used informally (without prescription).AIMWe assessed informal use and intention to use doxyPEP/PrEP among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender and gender diverse people in the Netherlands.METHODSBetween 26 February and 6 May 2024, we conducted an online survey on informal doxyPEP/PrEP use in the preceding 6 months and intention to use. We assessed the determinants of recent informal use and high intention to use using risk ratio regression.RESULTSOf the 1,633 participating individuals (96.7% MSM) 246 (15%) reported doxyPEP/PrEP use in the preceding 6 months. Informal use was more common among participants who used HIV PrEP or were living with HIV, had ≥ 15 anonymous sexual partners, engaged in chemsex, wanted to protect themselves, got advice from others to use doxyPEP/PrEP and believed doxyPEP/PrEP is safe. High intention to use (n = 1,063 (65%) participants) was more common among participants using HIV PrEP or living with HIV, who wanted to have condomless sex, who wanted to protect others from STIs and who perceived doxyPEP/PrEP as effective and safe.CONCLUSIONAlthough doxyPEP/PrEP is not formally recommended in the Netherlands, survey participants reported informal use and a high intention to use. These findings, combined with the global increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), stress the need for close monitoring and further research on the AMR effects of doxyPEP/PrEP use. |
| Author | Boyd, Anders Heijne, Janneke CM de Vries, Henry JC Jongen, Vita W Teker, Buhari Prins, Maria Davidovich, Udi Hoornenborg, Elske Schim van der Loeff, Maarten F |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Buhari orcidid: 0000-0002-1526-7977 surname: Teker fullname: Teker, Buhari organization: Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, the Netherlands – sequence: 2 givenname: Elske orcidid: 0000-0002-0512-2109 surname: Hoornenborg fullname: Hoornenborg, Elske organization: Amsterdam Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases (AI&I), Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, the Netherlands – sequence: 3 givenname: Maarten F orcidid: 0000-0002-4903-7002 surname: Schim van der Loeff fullname: Schim van der Loeff, Maarten F organization: Amsterdam Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases (AI&I), Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Amsterdam Public Health research institute (APH), Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, the Netherlands – sequence: 4 givenname: Anders orcidid: 0000-0001-9512-8928 surname: Boyd fullname: Boyd, Anders organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Amsterdam Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases (AI&I), Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Stichting HIV monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands – sequence: 5 givenname: Janneke CM orcidid: 0009-0001-5005-9452 surname: Heijne fullname: Heijne, Janneke CM organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Amsterdam Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases (AI&I), Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Amsterdam Public Health research institute (APH), Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands – sequence: 6 givenname: Maria orcidid: 0000-0003-2967-0289 surname: Prins fullname: Prins, Maria organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Amsterdam Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases (AI&I), Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Amsterdam Public Health research institute (APH), Amsterdam, the Netherlands – sequence: 7 givenname: Udi orcidid: 0000-0002-4921-0346 surname: Davidovich fullname: Davidovich, Udi organization: Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, the Netherlands – sequence: 8 givenname: Henry JC orcidid: 0000-0001-9784-547X surname: de Vries fullname: de Vries, Henry JC organization: Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Amsterdam Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases (AI&I), Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Amsterdam Public Health research institute (APH), Amsterdam, the Netherlands – sequence: 9 givenname: Vita W orcidid: 0000-0001-9538-1501 surname: Jongen fullname: Jongen, Vita W organization: Stichting HIV monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Amsterdam Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases (AI&I), Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, the Netherlands |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1056/NEJMoa2211934 10.5694/mja2.52258 10.1093/cid/ciad488 10.1136/sextrans-2024-056208 10.1177/09564624231180781 10.1038/s41591-024-03274-2 10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00236-6 10.1136/sextrans-2024-056152 10.15585/mmwr.rr7302a1 10.1007/s15010-024-02321-x 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.46.2300621 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107186 10.1071/SH23176 10.1007/s15010-024-02320-y 10.1136/sextrans-2022-055425 10.1007/s10508-021-02197-0 |
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| Keywords | STI pre-exposure prophylaxis doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis prevention antimicrobial-resistance |
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| References | Werner (r10) 2024; 22 Mårdh (r19) 2023; 28 Bachmann (r11) 2024; 73 Villanueva Baselga (r16) 2025; 53 Matser (r17) 2023 Traeger (r21) 2023 Truong (r7) 2022; 4 Kohli (r12) 2022; 98 Molina (r3) 2024; 24 Szondy (r4) 2024; 147 Wagner (r15) 2025; 53 Samuel (r20) 2024; 21 Traeger (r6) 2023 r13 Chan (r14) 2024; 100 Unemo (r5) 2024; 38 Sokoll (r1) 2025; 101 King (r22) 2022; 51 Luetkemeyer (r2) 2023; 388 Chu (r8) 2025; 31 Cornelisse (r9) 2024; 220 Blomaard (r18) 2023; 34 |
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| Snippet | BACKGROUNDDoxycycline post-exposure and pre-exposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP/PrEP) to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is not part of standard... BACKGROUND Doxycycline post-exposure and pre-exposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP/PrEP) to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is not part of standard... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage antimicrobial-resistance doxycycline Doxycycline - administration & dosage Doxycycline - therapeutic use HIV Infections - prevention & control Homosexuality, Male - psychology Homosexuality, Male - statistics & numerical data Humans Male Middle Aged Netherlands - epidemiology post-exposure prophylaxis Post-Exposure Prophylaxis - methods Post-Exposure Prophylaxis - statistics & numerical data pre-exposure prophylaxis Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis - methods Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis - statistics & numerical data prevention Sexual and Gender Minorities - psychology Sexual and Gender Minorities - statistics & numerical data Sexual Behavior Sexual Partners Sexually Transmitted Diseases - prevention & control STI Surveys and Questionnaires Transgender Persons - psychology Transgender Persons - statistics & numerical data Young Adult |
| Title | Emergent informal use of doxycycline post- and pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men and transgender and gender diverse people, the Netherlands, 2024 |
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