Responsibility beyond design: Physicians’ requirements for ethical medical AI

Medical AI is increasingly being developed and tested to improve medical diagnosis, prediction and treatment of a wide array of medical conditions. Despite worries about the explainability and accuracy of such medical AI systems, it is reasonable to assume that they will be increasingly implemented...

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Published in:	Bioethics Vol. 36; no. 2; pp. 162 - 169
Main Authors:	Sand, Martin, Durán, Juan Manuel, Jongsma, Karin Rolanda
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.02.2022 John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects:	Artificial Intelligence Competence competencies Core competencies Embedding entrustable professional activities Ethics forward‐looking responsibility Health services Humans Implementation medical AI Medical conditions Medical diagnosis Medical ethics Medical History Taking Medical treatment Morals Physicians radiology responsibility Special Issue Special Issue: Promises and Challenges of Medical Ai Technology Transparency medical ethics responsibility medical AI radiology competencies entrustable professional activities forward-looking responsibility
ISSN:	0269-9702, 1467-8519, 1467-8519
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Abstract	Medical AI is increasingly being developed and tested to improve medical diagnosis, prediction and treatment of a wide array of medical conditions. Despite worries about the explainability and accuracy of such medical AI systems, it is reasonable to assume that they will be increasingly implemented in medical practice. Current ethical debates focus mainly on design requirements and suggest embedding certain values such as transparency, fairness, and explainability in the design of medical AI systems. Aside from concerns about their design, medical AI systems also raise questions with regard to physicians' responsibilities once these technologies are being implemented and used. How do physicians’ responsibilities change with the implementation of medical AI? Which set of competencies do physicians have to learn to responsibly interact with medical AI? In the present article, we will introduce the notion of forward‐looking responsibility and enumerate through this conceptual lens a number of competencies and duties that physicians ought to employ to responsibly utilize medical AI in practice. Those include amongst others understanding the range of reasonable outputs, being aware of own experience and skill decline, and monitoring potential accuracy decline of the AI systems.
AbstractList	Medical AI is increasingly being developed and tested to improve medical diagnosis, prediction and treatment of a wide array of medical conditions. Despite worries about the explainability and accuracy of such medical AI systems, it is reasonable to assume that they will be increasingly implemented in medical practice. Current ethical debates focus mainly on design requirements and suggest embedding certain values such as transparency, fairness, and explainability in the design of medical AI systems. Aside from concerns about their design, medical AI systems also raise questions with regard to physicians' responsibilities once these technologies are being implemented and used. How do physicians’ responsibilities change with the implementation of medical AI? Which set of competencies do physicians have to learn to responsibly interact with medical AI? In the present article, we will introduce the notion of forward‐looking responsibility and enumerate through this conceptual lens a number of competencies and duties that physicians ought to employ to responsibly utilize medical AI in practice. Those include amongst others understanding the range of reasonable outputs, being aware of own experience and skill decline, and monitoring potential accuracy decline of the AI systems. Medical AI is increasingly being developed and tested to improve medical diagnosis, prediction and treatment of a wide array of medical conditions. Despite worries about the explainability and accuracy of such medical AI systems, it is reasonable to assume that they will be increasingly implemented in medical practice. Current ethical debates focus mainly on design requirements and suggest embedding certain values such as transparency, fairness, and explainability in the design of medical AI systems. Aside from concerns about their design, medical AI systems also raise questions with regard to physicians' responsibilities once these technologies are being implemented and used. How do physicians' responsibilities change with the implementation of medical AI? Which set of competencies do physicians have to learn to responsibly interact with medical AI? In the present article, we will introduce the notion of forward-looking responsibility and enumerate through this conceptual lens a number of competencies and duties that physicians ought to employ to responsibly utilize medical AI in practice. Those include amongst others understanding the range of reasonable outputs, being aware of own experience and skill decline, and monitoring potential accuracy decline of the AI systems.Medical AI is increasingly being developed and tested to improve medical diagnosis, prediction and treatment of a wide array of medical conditions. Despite worries about the explainability and accuracy of such medical AI systems, it is reasonable to assume that they will be increasingly implemented in medical practice. Current ethical debates focus mainly on design requirements and suggest embedding certain values such as transparency, fairness, and explainability in the design of medical AI systems. Aside from concerns about their design, medical AI systems also raise questions with regard to physicians' responsibilities once these technologies are being implemented and used. How do physicians' responsibilities change with the implementation of medical AI? Which set of competencies do physicians have to learn to responsibly interact with medical AI? In the present article, we will introduce the notion of forward-looking responsibility and enumerate through this conceptual lens a number of competencies and duties that physicians ought to employ to responsibly utilize medical AI in practice. Those include amongst others understanding the range of reasonable outputs, being aware of own experience and skill decline, and monitoring potential accuracy decline of the AI systems.
Author	Sand, Martin Jongsma, Karin Rolanda Durán, Juan Manuel
AuthorAffiliation	2 University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands 1 TU Delft Faculty of Technology Delft The Netherlands
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands – name: 1 TU Delft Faculty of Technology Delft The Netherlands
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SubjectTerms	Artificial Intelligence Competence competencies Core competencies Embedding entrustable professional activities Ethics forward‐looking responsibility Health services Humans Implementation medical AI Medical conditions Medical diagnosis Medical ethics Medical History Taking Medical treatment Morals Physicians radiology responsibility Special Issue Special Issue: Promises and Challenges of Medical Ai Technology Transparency
Title	Responsibility beyond design: Physicians’ requirements for ethical medical AI
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