ACG Clinical Guideline: Upper Gastrointestinal and Ulcer Bleeding

We performed systematic reviews addressing predefined clinical questions to develop recommendations with the GRADE approach regarding management of patients with overt upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We suggest risk assessment in the emergency department to identify very-low-risk patients (e.g., Gl...

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Vydáno v:The American journal of gastroenterology Ročník 116; číslo 5; s. 899 - 917
Hlavní autoři: Laine, Loren, Barkun, Alan N., Saltzman, John R., Martel, Myriam, Leontiadis, Grigorios I.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: United States Wolters Kluwer 01.05.2021
Wolters Kluwer Health Medical Research, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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ISSN:0002-9270, 1572-0241, 1572-0241
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Abstract We performed systematic reviews addressing predefined clinical questions to develop recommendations with the GRADE approach regarding management of patients with overt upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We suggest risk assessment in the emergency department to identify very-low-risk patients (e.g., Glasgow-Blatchford score = 0–1) who may be discharged with outpatient follow-up. For patients hospitalized with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, we suggest red blood cell transfusion at a threshold of 7 g/dL. Erythromycin infusion is suggested before endoscopy, and endoscopy is suggested within 24 hours after presentation. Endoscopic therapy is recommended for ulcers with active spurting or oozing and for nonbleeding visible vessels. Endoscopic therapy with bipolar electrocoagulation, heater probe, and absolute ethanol injection is recommended, and low- to very-low-quality evidence also supports clips, argon plasma coagulation, and soft monopolar electrocoagulation; hemostatic powder spray TC-325 is suggested for actively bleeding ulcers and over-the-scope clips for recurrent ulcer bleeding after previous successful hemostasis. After endoscopic hemostasis, high-dose proton pump inhibitor therapy is recommended continuously or intermittently for 3 days, followed by twice-daily oral proton pump inhibitor for the first 2 weeks of therapy after endoscopy. Repeat endoscopy is suggested for recurrent bleeding, and if endoscopic therapy fails, transcatheter embolization is suggested.
AbstractList We performed systematic reviews addressing predefined clinical questions to develop recommendations with the GRADE approach regarding management of patients with overt upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We suggest risk assessment in the emergency department to identify very-low-risk patients (e.g., Glasgow-Blatchford score = 0–1) who may be discharged with outpatient follow-up. For patients hospitalized with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, we suggest red blood cell transfusion at a threshold of 7 g/dL. Erythromycin infusion is suggested before endoscopy, and endoscopy is suggested within 24 hours after presentation. Endoscopic therapy is recommended for ulcers with active spurting or oozing and for nonbleeding visible vessels. Endoscopic therapy with bipolar electrocoagulation, heater probe, and absolute ethanol injection is recommended, and low- to very-low-quality evidence also supports clips, argon plasma coagulation, and soft monopolar electrocoagulation; hemostatic powder spray TC-325 is suggested for actively bleeding ulcers and over-the-scope clips for recurrent ulcer bleeding after previous successful hemostasis. After endoscopic hemostasis, high-dose proton pump inhibitor therapy is recommended continuously or intermittently for 3 days, followed by twice-daily oral proton pump inhibitor for the first 2 weeks of therapy after endoscopy. Repeat endoscopy is suggested for recurrent bleeding, and if endoscopic therapy fails, transcatheter embolization is suggested.
We performed systematic reviews addressing predefined clinical questions to develop recommendations with the GRADE approach regarding management of patients with overt upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We suggest risk assessment in the emergency department to identify very-low-risk patients (e.g., Glasgow-Blatchford score = 0-1) who may be discharged with outpatient follow-up. For patients hospitalized with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, we suggest red blood cell transfusion at a threshold of 7 g/dL. Erythromycin infusion is suggested before endoscopy, and endoscopy is suggested within 24 hours after presentation. Endoscopic therapy is recommended for ulcers with active spurting or oozing and for nonbleeding visible vessels. Endoscopic therapy with bipolar electrocoagulation, heater probe, and absolute ethanol injection is recommended, and low- to very-low-quality evidence also supports clips, argon plasma coagulation, and soft monopolar electrocoagulation; hemostatic powder spray TC-325 is suggested for actively bleeding ulcers and over-the-scope clips for recurrent ulcer bleeding after previous successful hemostasis. After endoscopic hemostasis, high-dose proton pump inhibitor therapy is recommended continuously or intermittently for 3 days, followed by twice-daily oral proton pump inhibitor for the first 2 weeks of therapy after endoscopy. Repeat endoscopy is suggested for recurrent bleeding, and if endoscopic therapy fails, transcatheter embolization is suggested.We performed systematic reviews addressing predefined clinical questions to develop recommendations with the GRADE approach regarding management of patients with overt upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We suggest risk assessment in the emergency department to identify very-low-risk patients (e.g., Glasgow-Blatchford score = 0-1) who may be discharged with outpatient follow-up. For patients hospitalized with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, we suggest red blood cell transfusion at a threshold of 7 g/dL. Erythromycin infusion is suggested before endoscopy, and endoscopy is suggested within 24 hours after presentation. Endoscopic therapy is recommended for ulcers with active spurting or oozing and for nonbleeding visible vessels. Endoscopic therapy with bipolar electrocoagulation, heater probe, and absolute ethanol injection is recommended, and low- to very-low-quality evidence also supports clips, argon plasma coagulation, and soft monopolar electrocoagulation; hemostatic powder spray TC-325 is suggested for actively bleeding ulcers and over-the-scope clips for recurrent ulcer bleeding after previous successful hemostasis. After endoscopic hemostasis, high-dose proton pump inhibitor therapy is recommended continuously or intermittently for 3 days, followed by twice-daily oral proton pump inhibitor for the first 2 weeks of therapy after endoscopy. Repeat endoscopy is suggested for recurrent bleeding, and if endoscopic therapy fails, transcatheter embolization is suggested.
Author Barkun, Alan N.
Saltzman, John R.
Laine, Loren
Leontiadis, Grigorios I.
Martel, Myriam
AuthorAffiliation Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
– name: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
– name: Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
– name: Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Loren
  surname: Laine
  fullname: Laine, Loren
  organization: Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Alan N.
  surname: Barkun
  fullname: Barkun, Alan N.
  organization: Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
– sequence: 3
  givenname: John R.
  surname: Saltzman
  fullname: Saltzman, John R.
  organization: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Myriam
  surname: Martel
  fullname: Martel, Myriam
  organization: VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Grigorios I.
  surname: Leontiadis
  fullname: Leontiadis, Grigorios I.
  organization: Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33929377$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet We performed systematic reviews addressing predefined clinical questions to develop recommendations with the GRADE approach regarding management of patients...
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SubjectTerms Antibiotics
Confidence
Electrocoagulation
Embolization, Therapeutic
Endoscopy
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
Erythrocyte Transfusion
Estimates
Gastroenterology
Hemostasis, Surgical
Hospitalization
Humans
Intervention
Mortality
Patient Acuity
Patients
Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage - therapy
Population
Proton Pump Inhibitors - administration & dosage
Risk assessment
Risk Factors
Ulcers
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Title ACG Clinical Guideline: Upper Gastrointestinal and Ulcer Bleeding
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