Clinical profile at diagnosis with youth‐onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes in two pediatric diabetes registries: SEARCH (United States) and YDR (India)

Background Over the last decades, diabetes in youth has increased in both India and the United States, along with the burden of long‐term complications and healthcare costs. However, there are limited standardized population‐based data in contemporary youth cohorts for comparison of clinical and dem...

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Published in:	Pediatric diabetes Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 22 - 30
Main Authors:	Hockett, Christine W., Praveen, Pradeep A., Ong, Toan C., Amutha, Anandakumar, Isom, Scott P., Jensen, Elizabeth T., D'Agostino, Ralph B., Hamman, Richard F., Mayer‐Davis, Elizabeth J., Lawrence, Jean M., Pihoker, Catherine, Kahn, Michael G., Mohan, Viswanathan, Tandon, Nikhil, Dabelea, Dana
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Former Munksgaard John Wiley & Sons A/S 01.02.2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Subjects:	Adolescent Age of Onset Blood pressure Child data harmonization Demography Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent) Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - diagnosis Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - epidemiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diagnosis Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology early onset type 2 diabetes Female Humans India India - epidemiology Male Medical diagnosis Registries registry Terminology type 1 diabetes United States United States - epidemiology United States India United States > US registry early onset type 2 diabetes type 1 diabetes United States data harmonization India
ISSN:	1399-543X, 1399-5448, 1399-5448
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Abstract	Background Over the last decades, diabetes in youth has increased in both India and the United States, along with the burden of long‐term complications and healthcare costs. However, there are limited standardized population‐based data in contemporary youth cohorts for comparison of clinical and demographic characteristics of diabetes for both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D). Methods In partnership, we harmonized demographic and clinical data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) registry in the United States and the Registry of People with Diabetes with Youth Age at Onset (YDR) in India to the structure and terminology of the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model. Data were from youth with T1D and T2D, aged <20 years and newly diagnosed between 2006 and 2010. We compared key characteristics across registries using χ2 tests and t‐tests. Results In total, there were 9650 youth with T1D and 2406 youth with T2D from 2006 to 2012. SEARCH youth were diagnosed at younger ages than YDR youth for T1D and T2D (10.0 vs 10.5 years, P < .001 and 14.7 vs 16.1 years, P < .001, respectively). For T2D, SEARCH had a higher proportion of females and significantly lower proportion of youth of high socioeconomic status compared to YDR. For T1D and T2D, SEARCH youth had higher BMI, lower blood pressure, and lower A1c compared to YDR youth. Conclusions These data offer insights into the demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes in youth across the two countries. Further research is needed to better understand why these differences exist.
AbstractList	Over the last decades, diabetes in youth has increased in both India and the United States, along with the burden of long-term complications and healthcare costs. However, there are limited standardized population-based data in contemporary youth cohorts for comparison of clinical and demographic characteristics of diabetes for both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D). In partnership, we harmonized demographic and clinical data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) registry in the United States and the Registry of People with Diabetes with Youth Age at Onset (YDR) in India to the structure and terminology of the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model. Data were from youth with T1D and T2D, aged <20 years and newly diagnosed between 2006 and 2010. We compared key characteristics across registries using χ tests and t-tests. In total, there were 9650 youth with T1D and 2406 youth with T2D from 2006 to 2012. SEARCH youth were diagnosed at younger ages than YDR youth for T1D and T2D (10.0 vs 10.5 years, P < .001 and 14.7 vs 16.1 years, P < .001, respectively). For T2D, SEARCH had a higher proportion of females and significantly lower proportion of youth of high socioeconomic status compared to YDR. For T1D and T2D, SEARCH youth had higher BMI, lower blood pressure, and lower A1c compared to YDR youth. These data offer insights into the demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes in youth across the two countries. Further research is needed to better understand why these differences exist. Background Over the last decades, diabetes in youth has increased in both India and the United States, along with the burden of long‐term complications and healthcare costs. However, there are limited standardized population‐based data in contemporary youth cohorts for comparison of clinical and demographic characteristics of diabetes for both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D). Methods In partnership, we harmonized demographic and clinical data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) registry in the United States and the Registry of People with Diabetes with Youth Age at Onset (YDR) in India to the structure and terminology of the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model. Data were from youth with T1D and T2D, aged <20 years and newly diagnosed between 2006 and 2010. We compared key characteristics across registries using χ2 tests and t‐tests. Results In total, there were 9650 youth with T1D and 2406 youth with T2D from 2006 to 2012. SEARCH youth were diagnosed at younger ages than YDR youth for T1D and T2D (10.0 vs 10.5 years, P < .001 and 14.7 vs 16.1 years, P < .001, respectively). For T2D, SEARCH had a higher proportion of females and significantly lower proportion of youth of high socioeconomic status compared to YDR. For T1D and T2D, SEARCH youth had higher BMI, lower blood pressure, and lower A1c compared to YDR youth. Conclusions These data offer insights into the demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes in youth across the two countries. Further research is needed to better understand why these differences exist. Background Over the last decades, diabetes in youth has increased in both India and the United States, along with the burden of long‐term complications and healthcare costs. However, there are limited standardized population‐based data in contemporary youth cohorts for comparison of clinical and demographic characteristics of diabetes for both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D). Methods In partnership, we harmonized demographic and clinical data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) registry in the United States and the Registry of People with Diabetes with Youth Age at Onset (YDR) in India to the structure and terminology of the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model. Data were from youth with T1D and T2D, aged <20 years and newly diagnosed between 2006 and 2010. We compared key characteristics across registries using χ2 tests and t‐tests. Results In total, there were 9650 youth with T1D and 2406 youth with T2D from 2006 to 2012. SEARCH youth were diagnosed at younger ages than YDR youth for T1D and T2D (10.0 vs 10.5 years, P < .001 and 14.7 vs 16.1 years, P < .001, respectively). For T2D, SEARCH had a higher proportion of females and significantly lower proportion of youth of high socioeconomic status compared to YDR. For T1D and T2D, SEARCH youth had higher BMI, lower blood pressure, and lower A1c compared to YDR youth. Conclusions These data offer insights into the demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes in youth across the two countries. Further research is needed to better understand why these differences exist. Over the last decades, diabetes in youth has increased in both India and the United States, along with the burden of long-term complications and healthcare costs. However, there are limited standardized population-based data in contemporary youth cohorts for comparison of clinical and demographic characteristics of diabetes for both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D).BACKGROUNDOver the last decades, diabetes in youth has increased in both India and the United States, along with the burden of long-term complications and healthcare costs. However, there are limited standardized population-based data in contemporary youth cohorts for comparison of clinical and demographic characteristics of diabetes for both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D).In partnership, we harmonized demographic and clinical data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) registry in the United States and the Registry of People with Diabetes with Youth Age at Onset (YDR) in India to the structure and terminology of the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model. Data were from youth with T1D and T2D, aged <20 years and newly diagnosed between 2006 and 2010. We compared key characteristics across registries using χ2 tests and t-tests.METHODSIn partnership, we harmonized demographic and clinical data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) registry in the United States and the Registry of People with Diabetes with Youth Age at Onset (YDR) in India to the structure and terminology of the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model. Data were from youth with T1D and T2D, aged <20 years and newly diagnosed between 2006 and 2010. We compared key characteristics across registries using χ2 tests and t-tests.In total, there were 9650 youth with T1D and 2406 youth with T2D from 2006 to 2012. SEARCH youth were diagnosed at younger ages than YDR youth for T1D and T2D (10.0 vs 10.5 years, P < .001 and 14.7 vs 16.1 years, P < .001, respectively). For T2D, SEARCH had a higher proportion of females and significantly lower proportion of youth of high socioeconomic status compared to YDR. For T1D and T2D, SEARCH youth had higher BMI, lower blood pressure, and lower A1c compared to YDR youth.RESULTSIn total, there were 9650 youth with T1D and 2406 youth with T2D from 2006 to 2012. SEARCH youth were diagnosed at younger ages than YDR youth for T1D and T2D (10.0 vs 10.5 years, P < .001 and 14.7 vs 16.1 years, P < .001, respectively). For T2D, SEARCH had a higher proportion of females and significantly lower proportion of youth of high socioeconomic status compared to YDR. For T1D and T2D, SEARCH youth had higher BMI, lower blood pressure, and lower A1c compared to YDR youth.These data offer insights into the demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes in youth across the two countries. Further research is needed to better understand why these differences exist.CONCLUSIONSThese data offer insights into the demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes in youth across the two countries. Further research is needed to better understand why these differences exist.
Author	Kahn, Michael G. Isom, Scott P. D'Agostino, Ralph B. Dabelea, Dana Amutha, Anandakumar Mohan, Viswanathan Ong, Toan C. Tandon, Nikhil Lawrence, Jean M. Mayer‐Davis, Elizabeth J. Praveen, Pradeep A. Hockett, Christine W. Pihoker, Catherine Hamman, Richard F. Jensen, Elizabeth T.
AuthorAffiliation	5 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 6 Department of Epidemiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1 Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 3 Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 7 Department of Nutrition and Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 9 Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 8 Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 4 Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialties Centre and Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India 2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO – name: 9 Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA – name: 7 Department of Nutrition and Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC – name: 3 Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India – name: 1 Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO – name: 6 Department of Epidemiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC – name: 5 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC – name: 8 Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA – name: 4 Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialties Centre and Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
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Copyright	2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2021
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Keywords	registry early onset type 2 diabetes type 1 diabetes United States data harmonization India
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Notes	Funding information Indian Council of Medical Research; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Grant/Award Number: R21DK105869‐02 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 Author Contributions: N.T, D.D, V.M, R.F.H and E.J.M.-D conceptualized the study and oversaw the data harmonization. C.W.H., P.P., T.C.O., S.P.I., M.G.K. and A.A. harmonized and transformed data into the common data model (OMOP). C.W.H., T.C.O., and S.P.I analysed the data. C.W.H. prepared the first draft of the manuscript. All authors reviewed and edited the manuscript and contributed to discussion. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
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Snippet	Background Over the last decades, diabetes in youth has increased in both India and the United States, along with the burden of long‐term complications and... Over the last decades, diabetes in youth has increased in both India and the United States, along with the burden of long-term complications and healthcare... Background Over the last decades, diabetes in youth has increased in both India and the United States, along with the burden of long‐term complications and...
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SubjectTerms	Adolescent Age of Onset Blood pressure Child data harmonization Demography Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent) Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - diagnosis Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - epidemiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diagnosis Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology early onset type 2 diabetes Female Humans India India - epidemiology Male Medical diagnosis Registries registry Terminology type 1 diabetes United States United States - epidemiology
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Title	Clinical profile at diagnosis with youth‐onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes in two pediatric diabetes registries: SEARCH (United States) and YDR (India)
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