Endothelial response to glucose: dysfunction, metabolism, and transport

The endothelial cell response to glucose plays an important role in both health and disease. Endothelial glucose-induced dysfunction was first studied in diabetic animal models and in cells cultured in hyperglycemia. Four classical dysfunction pathways were identified, which were later shown to resu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Biochemical Society transactions Vol. 49; no. 1; p. 313
Main Author:	Clyne, Alisa Morss
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England 26.02.2021
Subjects:	Animals Biological Transport - drug effects Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - pathology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology Endothelial Cells - drug effects Endothelial Cells - metabolism Endothelial Cells - physiology Endothelium, Vascular - drug effects Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism Endothelium, Vascular - pathology Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology Glucose - pharmacology Glycolysis - drug effects Humans Hyperglycemia - metabolism Hyperglycemia - pathology Hyperglycemia - physiopathology Neovascularization, Physiologic - drug effects Neovascularization, Physiologic - physiology blood brain barrier glucose transport extracellular vesicles SGLT2 diabetes glycolysis
ISSN:	1470-8752, 1470-8752
Online Access:	Get more information
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Summary:	The endothelial cell response to glucose plays an important role in both health and disease. Endothelial glucose-induced dysfunction was first studied in diabetic animal models and in cells cultured in hyperglycemia. Four classical dysfunction pathways were identified, which were later shown to result from the common mechanism of mitochondrial superoxide overproduction. More recently, non-coding RNA, extracellular vesicles, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors were shown to affect glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial cells also metabolize glucose for their own energetic needs. Research over the past decade highlighted how manipulation of endothelial glycolysis can be used to control angiogenesis and microvascular permeability in diseases such as cancer. Finally, endothelial cells transport glucose to the cells of the blood vessel wall and to the parenchymal tissue. Increasing evidence from the blood-brain barrier and peripheral vasculature suggests that endothelial cells regulate glucose transport through glucose transporters that move glucose from the apical to the basolateral side of the cell. Future studies of endothelial glucose response should begin to integrate dysfunction, metabolism and transport into experimental and computational approaches that also consider endothelial heterogeneity, metabolic diversity, and parenchymal tissue interactions.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1470-8752 1470-8752
DOI:	10.1042/BST20200611