Neem Essential Oil as an Antifungal Agent against Phyllosticta citricarpa

The fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa is a quarantine phytopathogen responsible for causing citrus black spot (CBS) disease. To export fruits to CBS‐free countries, they must undergo a sanitation process to ensure disease control. In this study, neem essential oil (NEO) was tested against P. citricarpa...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of microbiology Jg. 2024; H. 1; S. 6251407
Hauptverfasser: Schuch, Joyce Maria, Mendes, Carolina Rosai, Cardoso, Guilherme Lopes, André da Veiga Lima Rosa Costamilan, Carlos, Matos Lopes, Paulo Renato, Montagnolli, Renato Nallin, Dilarri, Guilherme, Bidoia, Ederio Dino
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Egypt John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2024
Wiley
Schlagworte:
Antifungal agents
Black spot
Black spot fungus
Citrus
Citrus fruits
Copper
Copper oxychloride
Cytoplasmic membranes
Disease
Disease control
Essential oils
Fluorescence
Fluorescence microscopy
Fruits
Fungi
Fungicides
Hyphae
In vivo methods and tests
Laboratories
Leaves
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Microorganisms
Mode of action
Neem
Oils & fats
Organic chemicals
Pathogens
Phenolic compounds
Phenols
Phyllosticta citricarpa
Quarantine
Sanitation
Sanitizers
Software
Brazil
United States > US
ISSN:1687-918X, 1687-9198
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Zusammenfassung:The fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa is a quarantine phytopathogen responsible for causing citrus black spot (CBS) disease. To export fruits to CBS‐free countries, they must undergo a sanitation process to ensure disease control. In this study, neem essential oil (NEO) was tested against P. citricarpa for the first time as an alternative sanitizer. In vitro experiments were conducted to determine the inhibition concentration of NEO for P. citricarpa , and the mode of action of the essential oil was evaluated. In vivo assays were performed to simulate the sanitization process used in packinghouses. NEO was characterized by GC‐MS/MS. The results revealed that NEO at 100 μ L·mL −1 exhibited a similar inhibitory effect as copper oxychloride, suppressing 89.68 ± 1.14% of fungal mycelium growth. Fluorescence microscopy experiments demonstrated that NEO functions by disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane of fungal hyphae, leading to their death within 30 minutes of contact with NEO. GC‐MS/MS characterization revealed a high presence of phenolic compounds, which serve as the primary antifungal agents responsible for the action against fungal hyphae. In vivo assays showed that NEO at 100 μ L·mL −1 also reduced microorganisms (CFU mL −1 ) by 93.00 ± 3.88% compared to the negative control. Overall, the results demonstrate that NEO can effectively serve as an alternative sanitizer against P. citricarpa in citrus packinghouses. Our findings allow future studies to explore the use of NEO for sanitizing other fruits and combating different phytopathogens to broaden its potential application in fruit sanitation for export.
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ISSN:1687-918X
1687-9198
DOI:10.1155/2024/6251407